Year of the Bull? Global Bullying of the Asian Diaspora as Repercussions to the Covid-19 Pandemic (original) (raw)
Related papers
EXPANDING THE NARRATIVE ON ANTI-CHINESE STIGMA DURING COVID-19 - Initial Report.pdf
2020
Due to the geographic origins of the first major outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, there have been reports of Asians around the world experiencing discrimination, xenophobia, or racism. Such reports have been prevalent in Toronto, Canada and in Nairobi, Kenya, two global urban centres that have significant Chinese diaspora communities. Discriminatory actions have ranged from outright physical aggression to subtle microaggressions. While reports (both media and academic) have highlighted such incidents, we argue that when the conversation starts and stops at the reporting of experiences of stigma, the narrative remains the victimization of the community. While the emerging story of the instances of COVID-19 stigma and discrimination are only one aspect of this story, other aspects include a deeper understanding of the community itself along with an awareness of the capacity the Chinese diaspora community brings forward to help us all overcome COVID-19. By better understanding the...
Stigma, Discrimination, and Hate Crimes in Chinese-Speaking World amid Covid-19 Pandemic
Asian Journal of Criminology, 2021
The Covid-19 pandemic has given rise to stigma, discrimination, and even hate crimes against various populations in the Chinese language–speaking world. Using interview data with victims, online observation, and the data mining of media reports, this paper investigated the changing targets of stigma from the outbreak of Covid-19 to early April 2020 when China had largely contained the first wave of Covid-19 within its border. We found that at the early stage of the pandemic, stigma was inflicted by some non-Hubei Chinese population onto Wuhan and Hubei residents, by some Hong Kong and Taiwan residents onto mainland Chinese, and by some Westerners towards overseas Chinese. With the number of cases outside China surpassing that in China, stigmatization was imposed by some Chinese onto Africans in China. We further explore how various factors, such as the fear of infection, food and mask culture, political ideology, and racism, affected the stigmatization of different victim groups. Th...
Sinophobic Stigma Going Viral: Addressing the Social Impact of COVID-19 in a Globalized World
American Journal of Public Health, 2021
This article critically examines the recent literature on stigma that addresses the overspread association among the COVID-19 pandemic and racial and ethnic groups (i.e., mainland Chinese and East Asian populations) assumed to be the source of the virus. The analysis begins by reviewing the way in which infectious diseases have historically been associated with developing countries and their citizens, which, in turn, are supposed to become prime vectors of contagion. The latter extends to the current labeling of COVID-19 as the “Chinese virus,” that—along with a number of other terms—has fueled race-based stigma against Asian groups in the United States and overseas. This review further discusses the limitations of current COVID-19 antistigma initiatives that mostly focus on individual-based education campaigns as opposed to multisectorial programs informed by human rights and intersectional perspectives. Finally, the article ends with a call to the international public health community toward addressing the most recent outbreak of stigma, one that has revealed the enormous impact of words in amplifying racial bias against particular minority populations in the developed world.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Economic Issues
The Covid-19 global has exposed another pandemic, that of racism. As a result, Chinese citizens throughout the global community have faced bullying and malice. Bullying is a global problem; in this case the international community has concentrated its collective anxiety about Covid-19, which originated in Wuhan, China, to discriminate against those of Chinese descent. Therefore, this short essay reflects on some historical and psychological underpinning which inform the cruelty and blame ascribed to many Chinese people during this unprecedented public health emergency.
The Impact of Covid-19 Blame Game Towards Anti-Asian Discrimination Phenomena
The Journal of Society and Media
The purpose of this paper is to explain how the relationship between foreign policies based on the 'Blame Game' could affect the social conditions of society, especially in terms of discrimination against people of Asian descent. The act of accusing each other by Western countries against China over who should actually be responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic has made international political conditions more tense and heated. China's defensive foreign policy strategy turned out to be aggressive and even creates a distortion of information regarding the truth of the origins of the pandemic. So the result is a Blame Game that is destructive, uncooperative, and actually makes problems unresolved where to deal with a global pandemic requires collective action. This is also leads to the increase of discrimination acts towards Asian community. This paper uses an explanatory-qualitative method, with data collection techniques through literature study. Constructivism theory and t...
covid-19 and Anti-Asian Racism
Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas, 2021
This issue of adva responds to the covid-19 pandemic and the resulting highly-mediatized surge in anti-Asian racism and misogyny, which has exacerbated deeply-rooted anti-Asian Pacific racisms in North America and underlined continuing legacies of global histories of colonialism and empire. In order to hold space for collective grief, anger, frustration, and exhaustion, and to address the heightened sense of precarity we are experiencing, many of the contributions to this issue focused on how the pandemic affected Asian diasporic artists, activists, community organizers, curators, and scholars this past year. Our authors and editors were not immune to the toll of the pandemic. We were affected by illness, from covid or from pre-existing conditions, worsened by the overburdened healthcare system and global strain, first in the search for a vaccine and now in its administration and dispensation. Rather than rush back to a business-as-usual model, we extended our deadlines and engaged with slowness; we practiced a politics of refusal. Our emergency editorial
American anti-Chinese racism during the COVID-19 crisis and its strategic functions
Teorija in praksa , 2021
The Covid-19 crisis that hit the USA especially hard was accompanied by intensified anti-Chinese racism fuelled by the anti-Chinese rhetoric used by the Trump Administration. Although Trump's political opponents blamed him for having mismanaged the pandemic response, the anti-Chinese stance was a bipartisan issue. The article aims to analyse anti-Chinese racism in its systemic and historical dimensions. It examines the nature and strategic utility of anti-Chinese racism for past, the Trump, and future administrations as well as for America's elites generally. It is shown that anti-Chinese racism was substantially transformed during the pandemic and above all utilised to address the general destabilisation of the US-dominated socio-political and socioeconomic order both at home and globally. China's growing importance around the world and the potential domestic destabilisation of the US mean that the strategic utility of anti-Chinese racism may well remain important for some time to come.
Virtual Town Hall Examines Anti-Asian Racism during COVID-19 Pandemic, GW Today, April 20, 2020
GW Today, 2020
Asian Americans have been spat on, verbally assaulted and physically attacked in more than a thousand race-related incidents in the United States as a result of fear evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Alexa Alice Joubin, professor of English and international affairs, women’s studies and East Asian languages and cultures, provided a historical context for the discussion. She said connecting the language of disease to racism is not a new phenomenon. For example, it was seen in an 1886 soap advertisement “for kicking the Chinese out of the U.S.,” she said, and dubbed “yellow fever” in reference to white men who have a fetish for Asian women. Joubin said the language is associated with a history of discrimination against Chinese that made it into U.S. law, including the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Cable Act that prevented Chinese from becoming citizens even when they married U.S. citizens. It will take all of our cognitive ability, analytical reasoning “to concentrate and harness our resources to combat disinformation,” she said, “Our greatest fight is about fear.”
Social Determinants of Health, 2020
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak, declared a global pandemic by the WHO, raises some serious health, as well as discrimination concerns worldwide. This exploratory study outlines the knowledge, stigma, and discrimination of people towards the Chinese community in the USA and Canada at the onset of the pandemic. Methods: An online community-based, opt-in descriptive survey was conducted from the 20 th of February 2020 through the 13 th of March 2020. The study collected data with anonymity about demographics, travel history, COVID-19 knowledge, awareness, as well as stigmatization and discrimination against the Chinese community. Data was compiled with excel using descriptive statistics and Chi-square for the analysis. Results: Among the total participants (n=172), the highest number of responses came from the 21 to 30-year-old age group and the 31 to 40-year-old age group, at 82/172 (47.7%) and 50/172 (29.1%) respectively. The study also indicates that more females responded than males with 110/172 (64%) of the study respondents being females. In addition, 148/172 (86%) of respondents (χ 2 = 0.0002; P=0.99) knew how COVID-19 can spread from one person to another as well as how to avoid getting the infection 123/172 (71.5%) (χ 2 =0.6109; P=0.43). There was some reported stigma against the Chinese community in the study, particularly during the early days of the outbreak when it was still contained within the Chinese borders; 11/172 (6.4%) participants (χ 2 =1.1137; P=0.30) indicated that only Chinese infected COVID-19 individuals need to be quarantined with 23/172 (13.4%) avoiding only the Chinese community(χ 2 =1.2496; P=0.26); which demonstrates the lack of information and protocol available to the public at the time, as well as a general lack of understanding of COVID-19 by the general public. Furthermore, 52/172 (30%) of the respondents (χ 2 =6.1969; P=0.013) blamed people from China for the COVID-19 outbreak; while 23/172 (13%) people (χ 2 =1.2496; P=0.26) said they would avoid Chinese people and/or their communities. The level of knowledge, stigma, and discrimination with the respondent's socio-demographic characteristics was compared as well. Results from the study suggest that those who live in urban settings, who are married and hold university degrees have a better understanding of the infection, knowledge of how it spreads, and also are less likely to discriminate against the Chinese community or blame the Chinese from China for COVID-19.