"With reference to appropriate literature and cases, critically evaluate the influence of classical and human relations approaches in management today." 12 (original) (raw)
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The exercise of administration started as soon as man initially made an effort to complete objectives through functioning collectively in numbers (Mainul and Abdul, 2009, p.29). The classical and human relations approaches to management are two theories which have contributed highly in the way organizations are run, employees motivated and productivity increased in small, medium and large organizations across the globe. Companies have adopted the human relations approach more than the classical approach for the concern that the classical approach is more impersonal and mechanistic while human relations focusses on the social aspect of workers which is an important element in achieving satisfactory productivity to ensure profitability. The classical approach looks at contributions from Fredrick Taylor, who is the father of scientific management, Henri Fayol with his administrative principles approach and Max Weber with his Bureaucratic organization approach. On the other hand human relations approach looks at the work of Elton Mayo with his Hawthorne studies, Abraham Maslow and his theory of human needs, Douglass McGregor with the Theory X and Theory Y, Chris Ayris's personality and organization and lastly Mary Parker Follett with an approach that organizations should be viewed as communities. These theories have been used in isolation and at times together and others are belt upon thoughts from other theories. This discussion will look at definitions where applicable and the elements within the classical and human relations theory, the way companies have adopted these ideas, the impact they have had on companies in the modern world using examples in the corporate and public institutions. Scientific management, classed within the classical theory generally looks at specialization and partition of labor. Taylor looked at four leading points in managing scientifically which includes developing a scientific method of designing jobs to replace other rules by devising the best way possible to carry out work, secondly taking on board skilled personnel to do the job, giving workers the right reward to enhance productivity and giving workers the right skills to do their jobs as they progress and supporting them accordingly. The core parts of Taylor's thoughts were to find better ways of controlling people and managing organizations scientifically. The scientific theory application can be seen in J.R.V Company founded by James. R. Vail in 1905. In its establishment the work was organized scientifically and jobs were done using the most efficient method and people were and are still put in jobs which suit them. The successors of the company have adopted almost the same approach to date. The other portion of classical management is the administrative approach; Henry Fayol's ideologies of organization are that controlling is a nonstop practice commencing with forecasting and completing with governing (Mainul and Abdul, 2009, p.32). He looked at management in a different way and included five guidelines which include forecasting, resourcefulness, commanding, coordinating and controlling which have been adopted as functions of management in today's world. Finally the Bureaucracy approach looks
The evaluation of influence of classical and human relations approaches in management today
Essay, 2020
Student Number: R1910D9584182 The evaluation of influence of classical and human relations approaches in management today The issue related to management and its theories have been a matter of great discussions and debates in the media and social networks throughout the world nowadays. This is a very crucial issue since so many people who run small business, those who probably have not attended any business school share many ideas appointing the uselessness of management and its theories to manage a organization effectively and efficiently today, which differ considerably from the points of view of others who manage a renowned organizations believing that theories of management are the fundamental way of success to their organization, epitomizing its growth and sustainability. Therefore, the arguments of this essay will actually be focused on bringing a deep and detailed points based on range of literature, evaluating the influence of theories of management, in particular, the classical and human relations approaches in contemporary organizations, both in a small as well as in a big organization in Mozambique. It has been argued that the classical approach of management was born to predict and control behavior in organizations as well as to foster an efficient productivity both for workers' good relations and organizations growth (Kwok, 2015). It is because management is seen as the only way in which an organization may reach its aims, goals and objectives through its functions namely: planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Mahmood, Basharat and Bashir, 2012). Thus, it is can be said that a manager without a proper management knowledge of an organization can make a total declaration of bankruptcy and frustration of the company for the lack of gathering necessary tools together so that the companies may successful have great advancements. Therefore, since knowledge on the management may help to determine the success of an organization, theorists of classical management such as: Frederik Taylor, Henri Fayol and Max Webber developed three different theories for the powerful success of an organization namely: Scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organization (Schermerhon, 2010). So, taking in account the theories, Mahmood, Basharat and Bashir (2012) believe that scientific management well known as Frederick Taylor 1911 theories, which state the problem solving of
Biz-Management, 2020
The Cambridge dictionary has defined Management theories as a set of ideas and methods designed to help managers do their job well. (Cambridge) The history of management theories goes all the way back to the industrial revolution in the late 1800's. During this time Factories began to grow and recruit thousands of people. Because of this growth factories began to have problems managing the big work force to realise maximum productivity. People then began to conduct studies in the factories to find ways on how they maximise on productivity. Through their findings, they proposed ideas and principles which if adopted and applied would lead to maximum productivity. These principles are what we now call theories of management. Although there are many theories that have developed throughout the years, this essay will look at only two theories namely the classical and human relations theories of management. The essay will look at the principles underlying the Classical and Human Relation Theories and how these principles continue to influence management of business organisations today. Classical theories of Management can be said to be the origin of all management theories. It comprises of the scientific Theory by Fredrick Taylor, the Bureaucratic theory by Max weber and the administrative theory by Henri Fayol. During the late industrial revolution in the 1800 a lot of people were moving from small farms and shops to work in large factories. As these factories began to grow, look for ways to manage the growth in order to maximise productivity. The Classical theories of management focus on productivity. Fredrick Taylor decided to conduct a study on the way workers performed tasks in the factories. He applied scientific methods of time and motion study and came up with principles that were called scientific theories of management. Taylor believed that if one would study the time that a task takes to complete and the movements that are performed in order to complete that task, managers would come up with the one best way of performing a particular task thereby ensuring maximum efficiency and productivity. He broke down the big task of producing one item into smaller tasks. In conducting the time and motion studies, Taylor discovered a few problems in the way people worked, that if improved on would make workers more productive and efficient in performing their work. First he noted that each one of the workers was left to perform the work whichever way they found fit. Two people would do one task differently, one doing it faster and efficiently than the other. Taylor then proposed that there should be one best and most effective way of performing particular tasks. Secondly, Taylor observed that any one of the workers could be assigned to do any kind of task regardless of their Skills. He proposed that "rather than simply assigning workers to perform just any job, managers should match workers to their jobs based on capability and motivation, and train them to work at maximum efficiency". (Mind tools). Workers should be
Influences Of Classical And Human Relations Approaches in Management Today
With the existence of man, and life on earth, it was inevitable that man's affairs were to be structured and managed in a progressive way. It is in the nature of man, that order remains paramount, and work gets planned, structured, organized, controlled and led, performance measured and results appreciated. From the ages back, it is evident that man has engaged in the management and administration of his many affairs on earth, and as Mainul and Abdul (2009, p. 29) reiterates, "the very practice of managing and administering work begun the soonest man started with writing objectives in progressive functionalities." The definition of both classical and human relations approaches to the practice of management, led the industries to adapt into more relevant ways towards management and administration of work. The two theoretical management approaches have had applications in so many companies, with both being used at some point and in some situational management styles. Though most companies in the contemporary industrialization prefer the human relations approach, which centers more on the socio-cultural facet of man, with context in consideration, as a major determinant of how work is managed. The human relations is pictured well in the Hawthorne Studies by Elton Mayo, the Theory of Human Needs by Abraham Maslow, the Theory of X and Y by Douglas McGregor, the Personality and the Organization by Chris Ayri and the view of Organizations as Communities by Mary Parker Follet. Whereas the classical approach is mainly defined by the founder of management science, Mr. Fredrick Taylor, and includes the Administrative Principles Approach by Henri Fayol, and the Bureaucratic Organization Approach by Max Weber. The writing to follow focuses primarily on the essential proven principles of the two management theories as brought into practice in the contemporary set up of work, management and administration. Specific management approaches are analyzed on how relevant they are to the two adapted cases of, i) the Company; the East African Breweries Ltd, and ii) an Institution; Kenyatta University. The industry today, defined by the adaption of specific styles and approaches of management is pictured well, with contemporaneous lessons on the best approaches for specific work situations in delivering results and enhancing productivity.
Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.