A Feasibility Study Of Implementation Of Green Tax (original) (raw)
Related papers
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TAX POLICIES IN PREVENTING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Environmental pollution has been a vital issue day by day due to the increase of production and consumption activities, the rapid increase of the world population and varieties of people’s needs accordingly. The dream of leaving an indigenous and unpolluted nature for the future generations has been getting difficult because of polluting the nature and besides since no measures have been adequately taken to prevent pollution of the environment. Today the states have used the tax policies to reach the goals on environmental policy and by taxation of factors damaging environment, it has been mainly aimed that those who degrade the environment should bear the penalty of the degradations they do, rather than increasing public incomes. Environmental taxes are known as green tax, carbon tax, emission tax and pollution tax in the literature. In this study, at first it will be explained the contributions of environmental taxes and their implementations in different countries in the literature, then compared environmental taxes in our country with implementations in different countries; finally the lacks on this topic and some theoretical approaches will be analyzed. Keywords: Environment, Pollution, Tax, Tax Policy
Feasibility of a Carbon Consumption Tax for sustainable development – A case study of India
Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 2017
Global climate change is a major issue confronting policymakers worldwide, and there is widespread scientific acceptance of the reality of climate change and its adverse consequences In terms of economic analysis, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which cause planetary climate changes, represent both an environmental externality and the overuse of a common property resource. The paper is premised around the hypothesis that tax policy can be used to address climate concerns by making less Green House Gas intensive purchases and investments more financially attractive. However, in the absence of an international framework capping GHG emissions, countries adopting mitigation policies incur costs that would not exist under global cooperation such as the loss of competitiveness and emissions leakage. A consumption tax based on the carbon footprint of a product levied on all products at the point of purchase by the final end-user, regardless of where the goods are produced using a Credit-method would be capable of addressing these concerns of emissions leakage and loss of competitiveness, while being WTO compliant. The author intends to test the feasibility and effectiveness of such a carbon consumption tax in the Indian Context. The author shall test the feasibility of levy of such a consumption tax in the context of India and evaluate the effectiveness in mitigating climate change and catering to the goal of sustainable development.
Optimizing the Implementation of Carbon Tax in Reducing the Impact of Environmental Pollution
Accounting and finance research, 2024
Carbon taxes are one of the climate control tools that help achieve sustainable economic growth. It is a market-based instrument that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making it more expensive to emit carbon dioxide. The Indonesian government has shown its seriousness in reducing global warming by establishing carbon tax regulations, including a provision in Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations. Despite implementing carbon taxes in several countries, their implementation must be reconsidered to ensure the objective is achieved. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the implementation of a carbon tax to reduce the impact of environmental pollution. This paper will investigate whether or not the carbon tax has already reduced emissions or if it is not affected at all. Three factors could cause carbon emissions: Coal, vehicle, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, conducting an expectation study encompassing these policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers can gain insights into the potential outcomes and impacts of optimizing the implementation of a carbon tax in reducing environmental pollution. It can inform decision-making processes and help guide the designing and refining adequate and equitable environmental policies.
A Study on Carbon Tax and Cap-And- Trade as a Carbon Emission Reduction Instruments in India
2021
The Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission around the world is increasing rapidly, giving rise to global warming, which in turn is leading to uncertain and adverse weather and climate conditions, the cost of which is both financial and social. Being the 3 rd largest GHGs emitter of the world, India is suffering from the ill effects of the emission in all the sphere whether it is financial, social, physical, or environmental. Rising global temperature and adverse environmental conditions have given rise to innovation and research in the field of financial environmental protection instruments such as carbon tax and cap-and-trade, both of these policy instruments have their own pros and cons and their success depends upon the countries regulatory and policy framework, that is why where one of these policy instrument work other doesn't and sometimes the hybrid of these two is used. Accounting of such instruments is the need of the hour, as it will imbibe the cost and benefit of such instruments towards emission control and it will give more transparent picture of the entity to rely on. The comparative trend of the carbon tax paid over the years, disclosure of carbon credits used and available will give substantial information to the stakeholders. In the light of the above, this paper focuses on the accounting of impact of these two instruments on emission reduction in India, in the existing financial and physical Infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to provide the stakeholders with information about the significant impact of these policy instruments and what changes in these and in the infrastructure can be made to increase their scope and benefit. The research is based on secondary data and it is descriptive in nature, the duration of research is 2 years from 2018 to 2020, the sampling unit, are the companies paying carbon tax and using carbon credits. The analysis concludes that, there is significant impact of both instruments on emission reduction.
Environmental Friendliness of the New Indirect Taxation Regime
2019
The GST which was implemented on 1 july 2017 have a huge impact on prices and availability of various goods and services manufactured and provided respectively in India. My focus in this paper is on impact of GST on various goods and services, which will help India in achieving environmental development. Various goods which help in environmental protection and sustainable development are of immensely important for a country like India; facing problem of environmental degradation and going for sustainable solution. In this paper I will try to find out the impact on prices and availability and opacity regarding rate application of various green goods due to implementation of GST and hence how it will impact green or sustainable development mission of the government of India. For this research paper I have collected data on pre and post GST prices and availability, opacity regarding rate application and difference in rates in comparison to non-green goods of various green goods like hy...
Environmental Taxation as a Mitigation Tool "A De-novo Approach"
The emergence of industrial revolution led to one of the biggest century long global problem of environmental pollution. It is the environment which is much more talked among people of different classes and peoples of various walks of life and as consequence various international treaties, accords; conventions were established, ratified and re-affirmed in the last few decades. Environment conservation and mitigation of pollutant has become inevitable. Economic growth and environmental pollution goes hand by hand. The human civilization is not able to compromise with growth and hence there has to be a fine balance between these two. Thus, environmental taxation (ET) becomes inevitable weapon to check ecological imbalance because of over harvesting of natural resources which is essential segment of economic growth and industry. The correct policy of ET can be the major deterrent towards environmental degradation and bringing sustainable growth. The de-Novo approach discussed in the current paper includes dual dimension of TERI’s parameter for evaluation of a project site and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) techniques and then evaluating the net taxation for that project against the harms it has done to the environment. The tax rate has to be commensurate with the environmental damage it has caused. Further, incentive based taxation has also been discussed to promote the use of renewable resources of energy including possible gradual shifts towards solar appliances & bio-fuels from petrol based. The TERI and EIA approach can be integrated to assign the tax incentives to motivate environmental improvements. A factor corresponding to % percent compliance of a project with TERI criteria is computed and tax incentive is granted using a mechanism discussed in the paper while the revenue generated can be collected towards government fund of India or towards GCF . The collection of green tax must be monitored by all the concerned agencies under supervision of Ministry of Environment and Forest, (MOEF). The discussed approach can be used further for various other industries like medical industry in terms of environmental damages caused by the medical waste and to find out its environmental impact or for the ill effects of nuclear waste generated. The policies could be and should be designed based on the model discussed to bring out optimal contribution of these industries towards generating resources for India’s future economic growth.
The Effects of Green Tax on Emission of Environmental Pollutants in Iran
2016
The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of green tax on the emission of environmental pollutants in Iran. To achieve this goal, used data were related to the period of 1358-1391 and also Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) method has been is used. Research results indicated that Green taxes have a negative effect on emissions of pollutants in Iran. Furthermore, Economic growth and population have significant and positive relationship with pollutants emissions and research and development expenditure and degrees of freedom have a negative relationship with their emissions. The findings also show that the amount of pollutants emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide for each was period80, 30 and 50 percent of adjusted deviations respectively, and moves towards its long-run equilibrium.
Environmental Conservation Journal, 2015
Rapacious exploitation of nature and natural resources by industrial economies in the 20th century has brought the world to the brink of environmental catastrophe. Realizing the gravity of crisis off late, growing environmental consciousness has pushed societies and governments worldwide to sustainably utilize resources and vigorously pursue nature conservation to mitigate the brimming disaster. One such attempt in the offing is the concept of Environmental Taxation, a tax intended to raise revenues to promote ecologically sustainable activities. This is a kind reinforcement of long-held ethical principle of polluter pays and it proves to be a major deterrent towards environmental degradation and brings sustainable growth. In the current work, a comparative analysis of the two economic approaches of tax and energy trade scheme (ETS) is studied, elaborated and discussed to achieve a low carbon intensive economy. European experience in carbon taxation is taken as a prime reference point. The sector-wise impact of the carbon tax in the European countries as well as the timeline, during which the taxes were imposed, provides an insight as to how such a tax can be internalized in the Indian context and its effectiveness was judged.
Determining a Carbon Tax Rate for India in the Context of Global Climate Change
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019
Global warming has been described as “the biggest externality the world has ever seen”. With international policymaking gradually taking into account initiatives to tackle climate change, the idea of putting a price on carbon has also received much acclaim. Pricing carbon, in the form of a carbon tax, was put forward as a policy initiative with the commencement of the Paris Climate Summit of 2015, as such a policy, could address emissions at the sources while being the least intrusive with the lowest burden on taxpayers. India is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases globally but has also been a pioneer in acknowledging carbon taxes. The government has claimed its high excise duties on petrol and diesel, along with the Clean Environment Cess on coal consumption, to be implicit carbon taxes. Interestingly, while a carbon tax should be linked to carbon emissions, current indirect taxes by the government are not at all linked to them while are mostly used as revenue generating measures or compensating the States as part of GST revenue losses. This paper envisages to examine the case for introducing a carbon tax regime in India vis-à-vis fossil fuel consumption in the economy, with a subsequent determination of a unique carbon tax rate for India. To achieve India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets of Paris Summit, it is imperative that India introduces an explicit carbon tax that links fuel prices to emissions, which can have a cascading effect of reducing their consumption while switching to cleaner fuels as substitutes. Findings from the study indicate that coal faces a minimal tax burden while being the most polluting whereas natural gas faces a high tax burden even though it is cleanest among all. As part of the study, a tax rate has been derived that is expected to act as a policy benchmark and can nudge tax policies in the right way, as switching to a low-carbon economy forms a primary agenda of India, in this era of a hothouse Earth.