On the open spaces of Venice see: Schulz, Urbanism 419-445. -Schulz, La piazza 134-156. -On dogal election and acclama- tion (mostly focussing on the Renaissance period) see: Muir, Ritual 279-289. -On the church ceremony see: Peyer, Stadt - patron 63-67.
A use that continued for many centuries, as witnessed by Petrarch in August 1364: Petrarch, Letters 1, 132-136.
Jacoff, The Horses 1-11.
43 On the church see: Logvin, Kiev. -Powstenko, Cathedral. - Boeck, Hippodrome 283-301. -Dating: Poppe, Building 15-66 argues convincingly for Yaroslav, following Grabar, L'em - pereur 71-74. This is agreed with by Vysotskii, Svetskie. For a dating to the reign of Vladimir Monomakh see: Lazarev, Mosaics 53-60.
A. Eastmond • Byzantine Oliphants? 46 National Museum, Copenhagen, inv. 9104; see: Fleischer / Hjort / Rasmussen, Byzantium no. 93.
Maguire / Maguire, Other Icons 84. Philopation
Kessler / Zacharias, Rome 27-28.
51 Examples are collected together by Mouriki, Theme 53-66. 52 Translation in Parks, The English Traveler 259.
Trilling, Soul 27-72. 54 Similar images appear in the images accompanying Vergil's Eclo gues and Georgics in the Roman Vergil (BAV, Vat. Lat. 3867). -Wright, Roman Vergil 15. 17. 19. 21-23.
Bardill, Brickstamps 134-147.
Trilling, Soul 59.
A. Eastmond • Byzantine Oliphants?
Shalem, Oliphant 61-63.
Ebitz, Secular 31-38.
Shalem, Oliphant 64-65.
For a recent, but unsuccessful, attempt to re-date the throne to the mid twelfth century see: d'Elia, Cattedrale 1-17.
Pace, Présence 65-66.
Shalem, Oliphant 61-63. -Shalem is too cautious to offer a possible date for these oliphants. Philopation
Giuliano, Manda 11-24 at 13.
Matthiae, Le porte. -Glass, Sculpture.
Tronzo, Kingdom.
La Chanson de Roland 11.609, 1762 & 2653. -Sweetenham / Paterson, Canso 11.280-281. 285-289.
Anna Komnene: B. Leib (ed.), Anna Comnène: Alexiade 1-4 (Paris 1937-1976).
Benjamin of Tudela: M. A. Signer (ed.) / M. N. Adler (transl.), The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (Malibu 1983).
Brand, Kinnamos: C. M. Brand (ed. / transl.), Deeds of John and Manuel Komnenos (New York 1976).
Chron. Pasch: L. A. Dindorf / B. G. Niebuhr (eds), Chronicon pa - schale. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae 14-15 (Bonn 1832).
Kinnamos: A. Meineke (ed.), Ioannis Cinnami Epitome Rerum ab Ioanne et Alexio Comnenis. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzan- tinae 23,1 (Bonn 1836).
La Chanson de Roland: C. Segre (ed.), La Chanson de Roland. Tome 1. Introduction, texte critique, variantes de O, index des noms propres. Textes littéraires français 368 (Geneva 1989).
Magoulias, Niketas Choniates: H. Magoulias (transl.), O City of Byzantium. Annals of Niketas Choniates (Detroit 1984).
Müller, Documenti: J. Müller, Documenti sulle relazioni delle città Toscane col Oriente cristjiano e coi Turchi fino all'anno 1531 (Florence 1879).
Niketas Choniates: J. L. van Dieten (ed.), Nicatae Choniatae Histo- ria. Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 11 (Berlin, New York 1975).
Petrarch, Letters: S. Rizzo / M. Berté (eds), F. Petrarch, Res seniles. Libri I-IV (Florence 2006).
Sweetenham / Paterson, Canso: C. Sweetenham / L. M. Paterson, The Canso D'Antioca: An Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Cru- sade (Aldershot 2003).
Whitby / Whitby, Chronicon: M. Whitby / M. Whitby (eds), Chro - nicon Paschale 284-628 A D. Translated Texts for Historians 7 (Liverpool 1989).
Bardill, Brickstamps: J. Bardill, Brickstamps of Constantinople. Oxford monographs on Classical Archaeology I-II (Oxford 2004).
von Bargen, Elfenbeinpyxis: F. von Bargen, Zur Elfenbeinpyxis im Museo Teatrale alla Scala in Mailand. Gesta 34/2, 1995, 102- 107. Baumstark, Schatzkammerstücke: R. Baumstark (ed.), Rom und By - zanz. Schatzkammerstücke aus bayerischen Sammlungen [Ex hi - bition catalogue Munich 1998-1999] (München 1998).
Belli d'Elia, Cattedrale: P. Belli d'Elia, La cattedrale dell'abate Elia: precisazioni sul Romanico pugliese. Bollettino d'Arte 49 / 1-2, 1974, 1-17.
Berliner, Kataloge: R. Berliner, Kataloge der bayerischen National- museums 13: Die Bildwerke des Nationalmuseums. IV Abteilung: Die Bildwerke in Elfenbein, Knochen, Hirsch-und Steinbocken mit einem Anhange: Elfenbeinarbeiten der Staatlichen Schloss- museen in Bayern (Augsburg 1936).
Boeck, Hippodrome: E. Boeck, Simulating the Hippodrome: The Per formance of Power in Kiev's St. Sophia. Art Bulletin 91/3, 2009, 283-301.
Bologna, L'enigma: F. Bologna (ed.), L'enigma degli avori medievali da Amalfi a Salerno, Bologna (Napoli 2008).
Borsook / Superbi / Pagliarulo, Medieval Mosaics: E. Borsook / F. G. Superbi / G. Pagliarulo (eds), Medieval Mosaics: Light, Color, Materials. Villa I Tatti, The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies 17 (Milan 2000).
Buckton, Treasures: D. Buckton (ed.), Byzantium. Treasures of By - zantine Art and Culture from British Collections [Exhibition cat- alogue London 1994) (London 1994).
Byzantine Hours: Athens -Thessaloniki -Mystras. Byzantine Hours: Work and Days in Byzantium [Exhibition catalogue Athens, Thessaloniki, Mystras 2001] (Athens 2001).
Cameron, Porphyrius: A. Cameron, Porphyrius the Charioteer (Ox - ford 1973).
Cortés Arrese, Catologue: M. Cortés Arrese (ed.), Bizancio en España. De la Antigüedad tardía a El Greco (Catalogue of an exhibition at the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid April- July 2003) (Madrid 2003).
Dagron, L'organisation: G. Dagron, L'organisation et le déroule- ment des courses d'après le Livre de cérémonies. Travaux et Memoires 13, 2000, 1-200.
Dalton, Horn: O. M. Dalton, The Clephane Horn. Archaeologia 65, 1914, 213-222.
Delbrueck, Consulardipychen: R. Delbrueck, Die Consulardipty- chen und verwandte Denkmäler. Studien zur spätantiken Kunst- geschichte 2 (Berlin, Leipzig 1929).
Demus, The Role: O. Demus, The Role of Byzantine Art in Europe. In: Byzantine Art. A European Art [Exhibition catalogue Athens 1964] (Athens 1964) 89-110.
Ducellier, Hippodrome: A. Ducellier, Hippodrome et idéologie à Byzance. In C. Landes (ed.), Le cirque et les courses de chars Rome-Byzance (Paris 1990) 173-185.
Durand, Byzance: J. Durand (ed.), Byzance. L'art byzantin dans les collections publiques françaises [Exhibition catalogue Paris 1992- 1993] (Paris 1992).
Ebitz, Oliphant: D. M. Ebitz, The Oliphant: Its Function and Mean- ing in a Courtly Society. In: E. Haynes (ed.), The Medieval Court in Europe. Houston German Studies 6 (Munich 1986).
Ebitz, Secular: D. M. Ebitz, Secular to Sacred: The Transformation of an Oliphant in the Musée de Cluny. Gesta 25, 1986, 31-38.
Engel, Stephan: P. Engel, Realm of St. Stephen: a history of me - dieval Hungary, 895-1526 (London 2001).
von Falke, Elfenbeinhörner I: O. von Falke, Elfenbeinhörner I: Ägyp - ten und Italien. Pantheon 4, 1929, 511-717.
von Falke: Elfenbeinhörner II: O. von Falke, Elfenbeinhörner II: By - zanz. Pantheon 5, 1930, 39-44.
Fillitz, Elfenbeinplatten: H. Fillitz, Zwei Elfenbeinplatten aus Süd - italien. Monographien der Abegg-Stiftung 2 (Bern 1967).
Fleisher / Hjort / Rasmussen: Byzantium: J. Fleischer / Ø. Hjort / M. B. Rasmussen, Byzantium: Late Antique and Byzantine Art in Scandinavian Collections [Exhibition catalogue Copenhagen 1996] (Copenhagen 1996).
Goldschmidt / Weitzmann, Elfenbeinskulpturen: A. Goldschmidt / K. Weitzmann, Die byzantinischen Elfenbeinskulpturen des X-XIII Jahrhunderts I: Kästen (Berlin 1930).
Guilland, Études I: R. Guilland, Études sur l'hippodrome de Byzance I. Byzantinoslavica 23, 1962, 203-230.
Guilland, Études II: R. Guilland, Études sur l'hippodrome de Byzance II. Byzantinoslavica 25, 1964, 234-253.
Guilland, Études III: R. Guilland, Études sur l'hippodrome de Byzance III-IV. Byzantinoslavica 26, 1965, 1-39.
Guilland, Études IV-V: R. Guilland, Études sur l'hippodrome de Byzance V-VI. Byzantinoslavica 27, 1966, 26-40. 289-307.
Guilland, Études VII: R. Guilland, Études sur l'hippodrome de Byzance VII. Byzantinoslavica 28, 1967, 262-277.
Giuliano, Manda: A. Giuliano, Manda in Constentinnoble e in Alexandre por homes grex et sarazins. In: A. Giuliano (ed.), Studi normanni e federiciani (Rome 2003) 11-24.
Glass, Sculpture: D. F. Glass, Romanesque Sculpture in Campania. Patrons, Programs, and Style (University Park / PA 1991).
Grabar, L'empereur: A. Grabar, L'empereur dans l'art byzantin (Paris 1936).
Grube / Johns, Capella Palatina: E. J. Grube / J. Johns, The Painted Ceilings of the Cappella Palatina. Islamic Art Supplement 1 (Genoa, New York 2005).
Harden, Glass: D. B. Harden (ed.), Glass of the Caesars (Milan 1987).
Hoffmann, Pathways: E. R. Hoffman, Pathways to Portability: Is - lamic and Christian Interchange from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century. Art History 24, 2001, 17-50.
Jacoff, The Horses: M. Jacoff, The Horses of San Marco and the Quadriga of the Lord (Princeton 1993).
Jamison, Alliance: E. Jamison, Alliance of England and Sicily in the Second Half of the Twelfth Century. In: England and the Medi - terranean Tradition. Studies in art, history, and literature (Oxford 1945) 20-32 (=Journal of of the Warburg and Courtauld Insti- tutes 6, 1943, 20-32).
Jones / Maguire, Description: L. Jones / H. Maguire, A Description of the Jousts of Manuel I Komnenos. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 26, 2002, 104-148
Kalt, Bilderchronik: T. Kardos (Hrsg.), Chronica de gestis Hungaro- rum. Die ungarische Bilderchronik (Budapest 1961).
Kessler / Zacharias, Rome: H. L. Kessler / J. Zacharias, Rome 1300. On the Path of the Pilgrim (New Haven, London 2000).
Kiilerich, Obelisk: B. Kiilerich, The Obelisk Base in Constantinople: Court Art and Ideology. Acta ad Archaeologiam et Artium His- toriam Pertinentia, series alter in 8°, vol. 10 (Rome 1998).
Kühnel, Olifanthörner: E. Kühnel, Die sarazenischen Olifanthörner. Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen N. F. 1, 1959, 33-50.
Kühnel, Elfenbeinskulpturen: E. Kühnel, Die islamischen Elfenbein- skulpturen VIII.-XIII. Jahrhundert (Berlin 1971).
Lasko, Comb: P. Lasko, The Comb of St Cuthbert. In: C. F. Battis- combe (ed.), The Relics of St Cuthbert. Studies (Oxford 1956) 336-355.
Lazarev, Mosaics: V. Lazarev, Old Russian Murals and Mosaics (Lon- don 1966).
Lilie, Handel: R.-J. Lilie, Handel und Politik zwischen dem byzanti- nischen Reich und den italienischen Kommunen Venedig, Pisa und Genua in der Epoche der Komnenen und der Angeloi (1081-1204) (Amsterdam 1984).
Logvin, Kiev: G. Logvin, Kiev's Hagia Sophia (Kiev 1971).
Maguire / Maguire, Other Icons: H. Maguire / E. Dauterman-Ma - guire, Other Icons. Art and Power in Byzantine Secular Culture (Princeton 2007).
Mango, Daily Life: C. Mango, Daily Life in Byzantium. In: XVI Inter- nationaler Byzantinistenkongress Akten I/1 = Jahrbuch der Ös - terreichischen Byzantinistik 31/1, 1981, 337-353 [repr. in: By - zan tium and its Image. Variorum Collected Studies: CS191 (Aldershot 1984) Study IV].
Matthiae, Le porte: G. Matthiae, Le porte bronzee bizantine in Italia (Roma 1971).
Mouriki, Theme: D. Mouriki, The Theme of the ›Spinario‹ in Byzan- tine Art. Deltion tes Christianikes Archaiologikes Hetaireias 6, 1970-72, 53-66.
Müller-Wiener, Bildlexikon: W. Müller-Wiener, Bildlexikon zur To - pographie Istanbuls. Byzantion -Konstantinupolis -Istanbul bis zum der Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts (Tübingen 1977).
Muir, Ritual: E. Muir, Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice (Princeton / NJ 1981).
Pace, Occidente: V. Pace, Fra l'Islam e l'Occidente: il mistero degli olifanti. In: M. V. Fontana / B. Genito (eds), Studi in Onore di Umberto Scerrato (Napoli 2003) 609-629.
Pace, Présence: V. Pace, Présence et reflets de l'art islamique en Italie méridionale au Moyen Age. Cahiers de St-Michel de Cuxa 35, 2004, 57-70.
Parks, The English Traveler: G. B. Parks, The English Traveler to Italy (Rome 1954).
Pinder-Wilson / Shalem, Newly discovered oliphant: R. Pinder-Wil- son / A. Shalem, A Newly Discovered Oliphant in a Private Col- lection in London. Mitteilungen zur spätantiken Archäologie und byzantinischen Kunstgeschichte 2, 2000, 79-92.
Podlaha / Šittler, Chrámový: A. Podlaha / E. Šittler, Chrámový pok- lad u sv. Víta v Praze. Jeho dějiny a popis. (Praha 1903).
Poppe, Building: A. Poppe, Building the Church of Hagia Sophia at Kiev. Journal of Medieval History 7/1, 1981, 15-66.
Powstenko, The Cathedral: O. Powstenko, The Cathedral of St So - phia in Kiev. The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S. (Jersey City / NJ 1954).
Peyer, Stadtpatron: H. Peyer, Stadt und Stadtpatron in mittelalter- lichen Italien (Zürich 1955).
Redford, Sāqīs: S. Redford, On Sāqīs and Ceramics: Systems of Re - pre sentation in the Northeast Mediterranean. In: D. H. Weiss / L. Mahoney (eds), France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the end of the crusades (Baltimore, London 2004) 282-312.
Schreiner, Ritterspiele: P. Schreiner, Ritterspiele in Byzanz. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 46, 1996, 227-242.
Schulz, Urbanism: J. Schulz, Urbanism in Medieval Venice. In: A. Mol ho / K. Raaflaub / J. Emlen (eds), City States in Classical Antiquity and Medieval Italy: Athens and Rome, Florence and Venice (Stuttgart 1991) 419-445.
Schulz, La Piazza: J. Schulz, La piazza medioevale di San Marco. Annali di Architettura 4-5, 1992, 134-156.
Scott, Border: W. Scott, The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland: Comprising Specimens of Architecture and Sculpture, and Other Vestiges of former Ages, Accompanied by Descrip- tions. Together with Illustrations of Remarkable Incidents in Bor- der History and Tradition, and Original Poetry (London 1814).
Selmeczi, Nemzeti ereklyénk: L. Selmeczi, Nemzeti ereklyénk, a Jászkürt (Jászberény 2008).
Shalem, Oliphant: A. Shalem, The Oliphant: Islamic Objects in His- torical Context. Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts 54 (Leiden, Boston 2004).
Swarzenski, Oliphants: H. Swarzenski, Two Oliphants in the Mu - seum. Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 60/320, 1962, 27-45.
Trilling, Soul: J. Trilling: The Soul of the Empire: Style and Meaning in the Mosaic Pavement of the Byzantine Imperial Palace in Con- stantinople. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 43, 1989, 27-72.
Tronzo, Kingdom: W. Tronzo, The Cultures of His Kingdom. Roger II and the Cappella Palatina in Palermo (Princeton 1997).
Volbach, Elfenbeinarbeiten: W. F. Volbach, Elfenbeinarbeiten der spätantike und des frühen Mittelalters. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum zu Mainz, Kataloge 7 (Mainz 1952).
Vysotski, Svetskie: S. A. Vysotskii, Svetskie freski sofiiskogo sobora v Kieve (Kiev 1989).
Weitzmann, Character: K. Weitzmann, The Character and Intellec- tual Origins of the Macedonian Renaissance. In: H. L. Kessler (ed.), Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination (Chicago 1971).
Westwood, Catalogue: J. O. Westwood, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Fictile Ivories in the South Kensington Museum: With an Account of the Continental Collections of Classical and Mediae- val Ivories (London 1876).
Williamson, Medieval Ivory: P. Williamson, Medieval Ivory Carvings: Early Christian to Romanesque (London 2010).
Wright, The Date: D. H. Wright, The Date of the Vatican Illumi- nated Handy Tables of Ptolemy and of its early additions. Byzan- tinische Zeitschrift 78, 1985, 355-362.
Wright, Roman Vergil: D. H. Wright, The Roman Vergil and the Ori- gins of Medieval Book Design (London 2001).