Efficacy of Strength and Balance Training Exercise for Fall Prevention in Elderly (original) (raw)
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The Effectiveness of Balance Exercise on Reducing Risk of Fall in Older People
2018
Background: The risk of fall in the elderly can be treated by improving the balance of the body and muscle strength of the lower extremities. Balance exercise includes plantar, hip and knee flexion, hip extension and side leg raise. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of balance exercise to reduce the risk of fall in older people. Methods: This study was conducted using queasy experimental design with one group pre-post-test. The total sample included in this study was 17 participant that selected using total sampling techniques based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using student t-test. Results: The study found a significant effect of balance exercise to reduce the risk of fall in older people (p=0.000). Mean different for risk of fall before and after the intervention was 42.53 and 50.06, respectively. Conclusions: Balance exercise can reduce the risk of fall among older people. This intervention can be applied by a nurse or social worker in a nursing home to prevent fall in older people.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2019
The common problem of elderly physical changes is a postural balance which can increase the incidence of fall. Balance exercise is an exercise program to increase the postural balance of elderly. This study aims to analyze the effect of a balance exercise that increases elderly postural balance. This study was a quasi-experimental design. The samples were 28 respondents from Wana Seraya Denpasar Nursing home based on inclusion criteria and divided into treatment group and control group containing 14 respondents in each group. The variable was elderly postural balance with balance exercise as the intervention. The participants were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale. This study used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test. The results showed that there was an increase in the postural balance in the treatment group (p=0.014), but, in the control group, there was no change (p = 1.00). There was a significant effect of balance exercise in increasing elderly postural balance with the value of p=0,001. A positive effect of the balancing exercise in the postural balance in institutionalized elderly subjects was found. This study recommends balance exercise for providing elderly postural balance that helps to decrease fall incidence among the elderly.
The Effects of Otago Exercise Programme for Fall Prevention in Elderly People
International Journal of Physiotherapy, 2015
Background: The 'Otago exercise programme' (OEP) is a strength and balance retraining programme designed to prevent falls in older people living in the community. The aim of this study was to find the effects of Otago exercise programme for fall prevention in community dwelling elderly people. Method: The sample comprised 30 community dwelling elderly around sinhgad road, pune (out of 30, 4 were dropouts) aged over 60 years both male and female falling under moderate fall risk measured by Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment. The intervention consisted mainly strength and balance training. Intervention was done for 1 hr every day, 5 days per week for 6weeks. Outcome measure assessment was done pre, 3 rd week and post intervention. Pre and post comparison of following three outcome measures was done. Outcome measures: Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, 10RM and Chair stand test. Result: Paired t-test was done. Results of p value for 10RM (p value = 0.00), Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (p value = 0.00) and chair stand test (p value = 0.01) was found to be highly significant. Out of 26 subjects with moderate risk of fall pre intervention, 24 subjects showed low risk of fall during post intervention assessment of Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment. Conclusion: The Otago exercise programme is significantly effective increasing strength of lower limb and improving in balance, gait and therefore ultimately preventing fall in community dwelling Indian elder people. Hence, Otago exercise protocol can be used in day to day clinical practice and also as a home exercise program.
International Journal of Aging Health and Movement, 2019
Background of study: the incidence of falls only increases in the elderly, which makes fall a major public health problem. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of balance exercises on young old and old people presenting the risk of falling. Methodology: A total of 60 elderly subjects with an average age of 79.2 ± 8.18 years divided in two according to the age classification of the World Health Organization, with Group 1 aged 60-75 years (young old) and group 2 aged 75-90 years (old). The effects of 4 months of exercise were evaluated before and after the intervention program with the Timed get up and go test, the one leg test, the SF 32 short form, ruffier dickson index, and the six minutes' walk test. Results: After 4 months of intervention, we noticed the young old men significantly reduced their risk of falling (p <0.0001), improved their walking distance by six minutes' walk test (p <0.0001), balance (p <0.0001), physical function (p <0.0001), physical role (p <0.0001), emotional role (p <0.0001), mental health (p <0.0001), pain (p <0, 0001), while older men statistically significantly reduced their risk of falling (p <0.0001), improved walking distance by six minutes' walk test (p <0.0003), balance (p <0.022), adaptive ability to effort (p <0.0001), physical function (p <0.0001), physical role (p <0.0001), and pain (p <0.0001). This study also reveals that young old men significantly improved their functional capacity and quality of life more than the elderly (p <0.05). Conclusions: The balanced exercise program improves balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, quality of life and reduces the risk of falling young and old. These parameters have been much improved in young old men rather than old men.
2021
The Finnish population is rapidly aging. It is estimated that by 2050 the number of Finnish citizens over 65 years old will represent about 30% of the whole population. Aging is related to a progressive decrease in overall physiological component including muscle strength. Moreover, this loss of lower extremities strength is considered to lead to a higher risk of falls among elderly. The rate of falls, fall-related injuries, and fall-associated costs continue to increase along with the rise of the aging population. Community-based fall prevention interventions for the elderly are surging, in an attempt to address this health burden. Prevention strategies vary widely in their aim, ranging from single intervention program to comprehensive multifactorial strategies among groups of community-dwelling elderly adults. The purpose of this Bachelor thesis was to develop an evidence-based training program for elderly with focus on balance. The main research question of this thesis was “How a Multicomponent Physical Exercise Program (MPEP) can affect fall-related physical performance including balance, muscle strength and gait in older people?” The aim of this study was also to raise awareness about the existence of fall among elderly in the community of Satakunta, and the potential positive impact that physical activity can have in order to prevent these events. In addition, the whole project can function as a beneficial tool for the authors of this thesis in their future working life as physiotherapist. Seven community living residents of the Satakunta region in Finland (mean age = 68 years old) with specific fall risk factors (i.e., fear of falling, history of falls or impaired gait or balance) were assigned to a 10 weeks group exercise program (n=20). The 60-minutes exercise sessions were held twice a week, Monday and Friday from 8th of June to 17th August 2020 focused on increasing strength and balance. The outcome measurements included three physical performance tests, namely: the Timed up and Go Test, the 30 Seconds Chair Stand Test and the 4 Stage Balance Test. The aim was to assess Gait Speed, Strength and Balance among the participants. Exercisers showed postintervention improvement in measurements of gait speed by 16,1%, lower limb strength by 19,6% and static balance by 23%. The authors realized that a MPEP can affect fall-related physical performance such as strength in lower limb and balance with this sample of people. The data collected do also reinforce the notion that a MPEP is a safe and effective way to increase physiological components such muscle strength in this population. This study provided an effective, evidence-based falls prevention program that can be implemented in community settings to improve physical fitness and might reduce fall risks among this sample group
International journal of allied medical sciences and clinical research, 2023
Background: Due to ageing population worldwide, the burden of disability is increasing. It is therefore important to develop interventions that improve healthy ageing, reduce disability onset and enhance life quality. Physical exercises can promote healthy ageing and help maintain independance, yet many older adults are inactive. Yoga is a form of physical activity that aims to improve health and may be particularly suitable for older adults. So purpose of this study to analyse the effect of balance training exercises as compared to yoga in prevention of fall in elderly people. Study Design: Pre and Post test Experimental design. Methodology: 60 subjects were recruited from age 60 years or above.Subjects were divided into 2 groups-Group A(Physical Exercises) and Group B(Yoga).30 Subjects in group A attended 4 weeks session for practicing Exercise(each session runs 20 mins). Also in Group B with 30 subjects attended 4 weeks session and completed within 30mins. Result and Conclusion: The subjects in group B (yoga) showed significantly better results in comparison with group A(Physical Exercises) by using Tinetti balance and gait assessment scale with p value 3.8.
STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN
Most falling occurs in the elderly because of the decrease of balance and muscle strength. Physical training for elderly needs to conduct to enhance physical fitness of the elderly and it can reduce the risk of falls by increasing muscle strength by increasing body balance in the elderly. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of physical exercise to improve balance in the elderly. Method to collect database is conducted in Google Scholar and Pubmed to find literature. Literature used was literature that required the inclusion criteria published in the last three years, then the result is chose and the review is conducted. Result: there are 6 literature to be reviewed. Based on literature review, it is found that respondents are 65-91 years old. Most respondents are elderly women.
Role of exercise in reducing risk of fall in geriatric population
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
Madam, Pakistan has a population of over 207 million making it the sixth largest country population-wise. 1 The geriatric population i.e. people over 60 years of age constitute 4.0% of the total population (8 million). 2 Approximately 44% of this age report to have had a fall as measured by Time Up and Go (TUG) test. 2 The most common risk factors of fall in this group include a previous history of fall, advanced age, living unaccompanied, certain medications, joint arthritis, diabetes, loss of peripheral sensation and depression. The consequences of around 30-50% of falls are minor injuries like bruises, abrasions and lacerations whereas 10% of falls result in major injuries like head injuries and fractures. 2 The most significant consequences leading to an increased morbidity and mortality are lower limb fractures which occur due to slipping or tripping over an object in majority of effected individuals. 3 Exercise helps in improving the health conditions along with increasing mobility, flexibility and balance. It also improves sleep, relieves stress and boosts confidence. Regular exercise improves cardiovascular endurance, positively impacts musculoskeletal health and has bonebuilding effects. 4
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 2021
Introduction: A growing trend in medicine is older adults and increased need for geriatric services. Falls contribute heavily to hospitalizations and worsening of overall health in this frail demographic. There are numerous biological and physical culprits which, if targeted, can prevent falls. The objective was to review benefits of different types of exercises for fall prevention for older persons who are communitydwelling or living in long-term care facilities. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to determine the different types of exercises for fall prevention. Data extraction via a standardized protocol was performed to assess study design, outcomes, limitations, and author's conclusions. Corroborative themes were identified and the authors responsible for the contributing research were cited as they came up. Nineteen randomized controlled trials were identified, between 1990 and 2018, using MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. Studies involving adults greater than age 60 in high-risk community or nursing home populations in the English language with a duration longer than or equal to 6 weeks with focuses on either lowrisk balance, strength, or combination of both and wholebody vibration. Results: Balance exercise training increased balance at 6 and 12-month intervals involving balance, strength, and cognitive training. Discussion: Insignificant results were seen in whole-body vibration and differing results existed for Tai Chi. It is important to recognize that although exercises help reduce the risk of falling and play a significant role in improving mobility safely, there will always be a risk of falls.
The Effect of a fall prevention program on gait and balance of community-dwelling elders
2006
To examine the effect of a fall prevention program on gait and balance of community-dwelling elders. The program was constructed by applying the health belief model, Knowles' adult learning principle, and considerations for normal aging changes. The program included 4-fall prevention education sessions and 8-Tai Chi exercise sessions. Then, the participants had practiced fall prevention behavior and practiced Tai Chi exercise in group sessions 3 days/week throughout the 8 weeks of intervention A Fall Prevention Behavior manual and a 18 form Tai Chi exercise manual, a CD in Tai Chi exercise instructional, and a poster depicting Tai Chi exercise were given to all the participants in experimental group.The participants were the community-dwelling elders had at least 1 fall in 12 month prior to participating in the study and lived in the urban area in Amphur Maung, Chonburi province. The researcher determined whether each participant met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The var...