The Italian diplomats in Sofia since 1879 until present day: biographical profiles (original) (raw)
Related papers
A brief overviw of some of the more significant moments in Bulgarian-Italian political and cultural relation, 2024
Velev, Ventzislav. A brief overviw of some of the more significant moments in Bulgarian-Italian political and cultural relation. – In. Modern dimensions in the European educational and research area. Vol. 12 - Proceedings with Papers of the Eighteenth International Traveling Seminar of ULSIT “Modern Dimensions in the European Educational and Research Area. Bulgarian-Sicilian Cultural Communication” - 2nd – 7th June 2024. University of Messina - Sicily, Italy. Academic Publisher “Za bukvite – O pismeneh”. Sofia, 2024, pp. 27-32. ISSN 2367-7988 Bulgarian-Italian relations date back to the period of antiquity, passed through the Middle Ages, and reached the new and most recent times. During all these years, several contacts were built, which were reflected in political, cultural, and public life. This article provides a brief overview of some of the more significant moments in the bilateral relationship. Examples are indicated that had an impact on the development of contacts. Emphasis is placed on diplomatic relations, as well as cultural ties between Bulgarians and Italians from the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century.
BYZANTINE DIPLOMACY THE CASE OF THE FIRST BULGARIAN STATE
2015
Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………. 4 CHAPTER I Byzantine Diplomacy: Aims, Principles and Means ……………………………………………………………... 6 CHAPTER II Byzantine Diplomacy during the First Bulgarian State The 1st Bulgarian State and the Christianization of the Bulgarians …………………………..11 Byzantine Diplomacy during Symeon's reign …………………………………………………….…….16 Byzantine Diplomacy during Peter and Maria Lecapena's reign ………………………………..21 From Peter to Samuel and the annexation of the 1 st Bulgarian State to the Byzantine Empire ….………………….………………………………………………………………………24
British Diplomacy in Bulgaria During the Cold War
The article surveys the British diplomatic goals, activities and efforts in Bulgaria during the Cold war. It argues that the British embassy in Sofia seemed to focus not only on the country itself but to be more or less an instrument to a large degree in light of the British interests in the Balkan region and a wider geopolitical field (USSR, East Europe, Turkey). British diplomats always acted in the context of the prevailing Bulgarian proximity of Germany and Russia, and constant fear of Turkey. The mission was mainly interested in the Russian sphere of influence in Bulgaria, Muslim minority issues and regional developments on the Balkans.
THE MEDIA IMAGE OF ITALY AND THE ITALIANS IN THE PERIODICALS FROM THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL REVIVAL
Contesti Antropologici Anthropological Contexts 4, 2019
In the periodicals from the Bulgarian National Revival, Italy is actively present in its role of a political entity. An attempt at a detailed description of the country is presented in the observed sketch from Chitalishe magazine, as well as the travel impressions of the diplomat S. Panaretov. In the collective consciousness, Italy existed as a tempting destination which helped the nation to establish contact with the cultural heritage of the West. It is interesting to trace how Italy fitted into the basic image of Europe that the Bulgarians from this period had. In the epoch of the National Revival the name “Europe” acquired ambivalent meaning. On the one hand it was a model of independent and civilized communities, while on the other hand it was a pragmatic political entity, which was indifferent to the fate of the small Christian nations within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. As Prof. Iliya Konev observes, the image of “the hegemonic Europe… did not include countries like Belgium, Denmark, Holland, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland” (Konev 2001: 199). Italy was present in the Bulgarian Revival notions of educated Europe with its unique ancient past, which had laid the foundations of the contemporary European civilization, and with the size and wealth of its cultural heritage. In the Bulgarian literature after the liberation, Italy is present in numerous works of fiction, travelogues, memoirs and letters. The enthusiastic impressions from “The Country of Fine Arts” predisposed the authors to sentimental feelings and intimate confessions.
Diplomacy and Language a Russian Embassy to Italy in 1659
2021
After his accession to the throne in 1645, Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich adopted a new title. He started self-styling not in the manner of his immediate predecessors on the throne, but rather in that of Ivan IV, the first crowned Russian tsar. Like Ivan IV, Aleksei Mikhailovich would refer to himself as otchich ('paternal heir'), dedich ('ancestral heir') and naslednik ('successor'), thus putting emphasis on his hereditary right to the throne of the Russian tsars. In his case, unlike that of Ivan, this right looked somewhat dubious: Aleksei Mikhailovich was not related by blood to the dynasty of Rurikids. He began to engage more zealously in international affairs, wanting his new status to be recognized. He sent embassies with friendly letters (liubitel'nye poslaniia, literally 'loving epistles') and valuable gifts to various European countries with which Russia had not had earlier diplomatic relations. The main objective of these embassies was not so much establishing friendly relations as receiving any sort of return document where, according to the etiquette of diplomacy, the Tsar's complete title would be reproduced precisely in the way it was written in the letter sent with the embassy. In this way, the new title of Aleksei Mikhailovich that had raised considerable doubt in Western Europe would be confirmed and recognized. The process was not always smooth, however. The very persistence of the Russians in demanding that the title be reproduced accurately would inadvertently raise suspicions that the issue of the title was not merely formal and that political ambitions were involved. 1
Journal of Cold War Studies
Bulgarian–West German relations played a crucial role in Bulgarian foreign policy in Europe from the time the FRG became a leading West European political and economic power and a key member of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community. The normalization of official relations between Bulgaria and the FRG was significantly influenced by two major factors: the policy of closer coordination and multilateral interaction within the Warsaw Pact and the somewhat slower, though increasing, process of East-West détente and security negotiations in Europe through CSCE and the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks. This case study of the establishment of diplomatic relations between a powerful European state and a smaller one with opposite political orientation amid the East-West détente in the 1970s contributes to scholars’ understanding of the complex nature of international relations in Europe during the Cold War.