Emerging trends in therapeutic peptide pharmaceuticals: Prospects and perspectives (original) (raw)

Peptides As Therapeutics with Enhanced Bioactivity

Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2012

The development of techniques for efficient peptide production renewed interest in peptides as therapeutics. Numerous modifications for improving stability, transport and affinity profiles now exist. Several new adjuvant and carrier systems have also been developed, enhancing the immunogenicity of peptides thus allowing their development as vaccines. This review describes the established and experimental approaches for manufacturing peptide drugs and highlights the techniques currently used for improving their drug like properties.

Strategic Approaches to Improvise Peptide Drugs as Next Generation Therapeutics

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics

In recent years, the occurrence of a wide variety of drug-resistant diseases has led to an increase in interest in alternate therapies. Peptide-based drugs as an alternate therapy hold researchers' attention in various therapeutic fields such as neurology, dermatology, oncology, metabolic diseases, etc. Previously, they had been overlooked by pharmaceutical companies due to certain limitations such as proteolytic degradation, poor membrane permeability, low oral bioavailability, shorter half-life, and poor target specificity. Over the last two decades, these limitations have been countered by introducing various modification strategies such as backbone and side-chain modifications, amino acid substitution, etc. which improve their functionality. This has led to a substantial interest of researchers and pharmaceutical companies, moving the next generation of these therapeutics from fundamental research to the market. Various chemical and computational approaches are aiding the production of more stable and long-lasting peptides guiding the formulation of novel and advanced therapeutic agents. However, there is not a single article that talks about various peptide design approaches i.e., in-silico and in-vitro along with their applications and strategies to improve their efficacy. In this review, we try to bring different aspects of peptide-based therapeutics under one article with a clear focus to cover the missing links in the literature. This review draws emphasis on various in-silico approaches and modification-based peptide design strategies. It also highlights the recent progress made in peptide delivery methods important for their enhanced clinical efficacy. The article would provide a bird's-eye view to researchers aiming to develop peptides with therapeutic applications.

Food and Drug Administration ( Fda ) Approved Peptide Drugs

2016

INTRODUCTON Peptides are generally considered to be poor drug candidates because of their low oral bioavailabilit y and propensity to be rapidly metabolized. The concept t ha a drug can be not orally available has become more and more accepted and as a consequence, some pharmaceutical companies have contribu ted in recent years to a revival of interest in peptides as poten tial drug candidates . New synthetic strategies to improve productivity and reduce metabolism of peptides, alo ng with alternative routes of administration, have bee n developed in recent years , and a large number of peptide-based drugs are now being marketed. ABSTRACT The decreasing number of approved drugs produced by the pharmaceutical industry, which has been accompanied by increasing expenses for R and D, dem ands alternative approaches to increase pharmaceuti cal R and D productivity. This situation has contribute d to a revival of interest in peptides as potential drug candidates. New synthetic strategies ...

Current Advances in Therapeutic Peptides: Past and Future Trends

2021

The treatment of peptides has played an important role in clinical practice since the discovery of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Over 60 peptide drugs are approved in the United States (US and other regional mar-kets, and peptides continue to undergo drug discovery steadily. Peptide research and development has lev-eraged a wider range of structures known from other plant sources, via pharmacology and medicinal molecular biology, beyond its conventional focus on individual endogenous peptides. We build a comprehensive database of peptides that have met scientific studies with more than 150 constantly evolving peptides. Here we provide a simple overview of the peptide-based drug therapy environment, comprising evolutionary points of view, structural properties, operational thresholds, and explanation of the therapeutic area.

Current trends and perspectives of bioactive peptides

The remarkable growth of therapeutic peptide development in the past decade has led to a large number of market approvals and the market value is expected to hit $25 billion by 2018. This significant market increase is driven by the increasing incidences of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and technological advancements in peptide synthesis. For this reason, the search for bioactive peptides has also increased exponentially. Many bioactive peptides from food and nonfood sources have shown positive health effects yet, obstacles such as the need to implement efficient and cost-effective strategies for industrial scale production, good manufacturing practices as well as well-designed clinical trials to provide robust evidence for supporting health claims continue to exist. Several other factors such as the possibility of allergenicity, toxicity and the stability of biological functions of the peptides during gastrointestinal digestion would need to be addressed.

FORMULATING PEPTIDES - Novel Formulations for Non-Invasive Delivery & Stabilization of Peptides

Drug Development and Delivery (2013) 33(8): 68-75, 2013

Since the discovery of insulin and its therapeutic application to the treatment of diabetes early in the 20th century, proteins and peptides have held enormous attraction as potential therapeutic agents. Many peptides demonstrate high potency and selectivity while exhibiting essentially no chemical toxicity as they metabolize to naturally occurring amino acids. In spite of the many attractive aspects of peptides and proteins as potential therapeutics, their susceptibility to denaturation and hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract has necessitated administration by injection, and this remains their major shortcoming as drugs. As a result, while the range of clinical indications for therapeutic peptides and proteins is substantial, the actual number of such therapeutics in general use today, though growing, is quite small compared with the number of chemically synthesized orally bioavailable small molecule drugs. - See more at: http://drug-dev.com/Main/Back-Issues/FORMULATING-PEPTIDES-Novel-Formulations-for-NonInv-631.aspx#sthash.8giEHoZT.dpuf

ADVANCEMENTS IN PEPTIDE-BASED THERAPEUTICS: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Biochemical and Cellular Archives

Peptide-based therapeutics have emerged as a dynamic and versatile class of drugs with profound implications for modern medicine. This comprehensive review encompasses the key advancements in peptide design strategies, synthesis techniques, delivery systems, and clinical applications. Rational design approaches, including structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and molecular modeling have revolutionized peptide design, enabling precise targeting and therapeutic optimization. Advances in peptide synthesis techniques, such as solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), have improved production efficiency and scalability. Peptide delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), offer enhanced bioavailability and targeted drug delivery. In clinical applications, peptide-based therapeutics span endocrine disorders, antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, immunomodulation, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases, demonstrating their wide-ranging impact on healthcare. Challenges in regulatory approval, immunogenicity, and toxicity are addressed, with an emphasis on personalized medicine and emerging modalities. Case studies highlight successful peptide-based drugs on the market, ongoing clinical trials, and real-world patient outcomes. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential of peptide-based therapeutics to revolutionize personalized and precision medicine, shaping the future of healthcare with tailored solutions to complex medical challenges.

Basics and recent advances in peptide and protein drug delivery

Therapeutic delivery, 2013

While the peptide and protein therapeutic market has developed significantly in the past decades, delivery has limited their use. Although oral delivery is preferred, most are currently delivered intravenously or subcutaneously due to degradation and limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, carrier systems and stability enhancers are being studied to facilitate oral peptide delivery. Additionally, transdermal peptide delivery avoids the issues of the gastrointestinal tract, but also faces absorption limitations. Due to proteases, opsonization and agglutination, free peptides are not systemically stable without modifications. This review discusses oral and transdermal peptide drug delivery, focusing on barriers and solutions to absorption and stability issues. Methods to increase systemic stability and site-specific delivery are also discussed.

Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides—New Sources and Therapeutic Effect

Foods, 2020

Generally, bioactive peptides are natural compounds of food or part of protein that are inactive in the precursor molecule. However, they may be active after hydrolysis and can be transported to the active site. Biologically active peptides can also be synthesized chemically and characterized. Peptides have many properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and chelating effects. They are also responsible for the taste of food or for the inhibition of enzymes involved in the development of diseases. The scientific literature has described many peptides with bioactive properties obtained from different sources. Information about the structure, origin, and properties of peptides can also be found in many databases. This review will describe peptides inhibiting the development of current diseases, peptides with antimicrobial properties, and new alternative sources of peptides based on the current knowledge and documentation of their bioactivity. All...

Peptide therapeutics: current status and future directions

Peptides are recognized for being highly selective and efficacious and, at the same time, relatively safe and well tolerated. Consequently, there is an increased interest in peptides in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D), and approximately 140 peptide therapeutics are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Given that the low-hanging fruits in the form of obvious peptide targets have already been picked, it has now become necessary to explore new routes beyond traditional peptide design. Examples of such approaches are multifunctional and cell penetrating peptides, as well as peptide drug conjugates. Here, we discuss the current status, strengths, and weaknesses of peptides as medicines and the emerging new opportunities in peptide drug design and development.