Music Distraction among Young Drivers: Analysis by Gender and Experience (original) (raw)
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Effects of Music on Driver Behavior
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS AND MUSIC, 2020
The attention level of car drivers is affected by many factors. Music is one of the most importantones, but its effect is rarely studied. Music can affect driving style in both positive and negative ways, as itcan reduce fatigue but also increase the level of distraction or aggression. This article presents anexperimental investigation of the effects of music on driver attention level. Several measurements on avehicle simulator were done to collect data that demonstrates the relationship between music and theperformance of the car driver. The simulation measured performance under three conditions - relaxationmusic, rock music and silence. Additionally, the measurements were repeated in both fresh and tired states.The results are, in some aspects, different from our expectations - for example, relaxation music improvedreaction time but also correlated with a higher occurrence of inappropriate steering actions. Deeperunderstanding of how the music and noise affect the driver’s actions...
Recently, distractions have been recognized as a significant risk factor in road traffic. This simulator study aims to investigate how different music genres affect the driving behaviour of young drivers and their visual scanning of the environment in urban settings. The genres considered were Croatian pop, foreign pop, classical music, metal, and Balkan folk music, while on one road section there was no music. The research sample consisted of 61 participants (44 males and 17 females) with a mean age of 24.58 years and a mean driving experience of 5.25 years. The influence of music on the drivers' behaviour was analysed on the basis of the data collected from the driving simulator, eye tracking glasses, and structured observation during driving sessions. It was found that the highest average speed (around 60 km/h) was recorded while the participants were listening to Balkan folk and metal music, while other music genres, as well as the "no music" condition, influenced driving speed in a similar way to one another and the participants drove at 50 km/h on average. Furthermore, the results suggest that the music genre also affects how drivers visually scan the environment (the number of gazes classified as fixations and number of road signs looked at). The findings obtained may be used in road safety work and practical recommendations and further research are discussed.
Effect of Music Tempo on Speed of Driving
Previous research indicates that people tend to drive faster when listening to fast music, that women process music differently than men, and that their music preferences (which affect driving performance) differ significantly. The purpose of the experiment was to test whether music tempo affects female driving speed more than male driving speed. It was hypothesized that both males and females would drive faster during fast tempo than during slow tempo condition, but that females would accelerate more than males. Eighteen college students (9 males, 9 females, Mage = 19.5 years) participated in the Forza Motorsport 3 racing simulation in slow and fast music tempo conditions. Questionnaire about music preferences regarding tempo was administered at the end of the experiment. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of tempo, F(1, 17) = 23.82, p < .001, indicating that both males and females drove faster in fast music tempo condition, and the main effect of gender, F(1, 17) = 9.96, p = .006, indicating that males generally drove faster than females. No tempo x gender interaction was found, F(1, 17) < 1. The scores from the questionnaire about tempo preferences revealed a greater preference for fast music in females than in males, t(16) = 2.29, p = .036.
INTELLIGENT MUSIC SELECTION TO INFLUENCE DRIVER BEHAVIOUR - An Empirical Study
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 2011
There is a belief that driving competency and style is influenced by music choices, yet there is little scientific study into the effects music choices have on the way people drive. This paper describes a preliminary explorative study conducted to find evidence of music influencing driving behaviour to justify further research into the area. Three main effects were considered in this study: 1) that music either enhances or impedes the driving activity; 2) that driving behaviour is influenced by whether the subject likes the music being played; 3) that driving behaviour is changed by the tempo of the music being played. The speed holding ability of 39 experienced drivers employed in a large company was tested using a vehicle simulator to observe evidence that speed holding control is influenced by one or more of the main effects.
The impact of music on vehicular performance: A meta-analysis
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2019
Various studies offer insightful perspectives on the potential impact of music-listening on driving performance. These studies, however, present conflicting views on the effect of music as either hindering or enhancing driving performance and advance inconclusive claims regarding how and to what extent specific music parameters affect vehicular performance. In this study, therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies. First, we identified experimental studies that measured the effects of musiclistening on driving performance through database searches using multiple variants including ''car", ''driv*", ''perf*", and ''music*"; of the 118 publications reviewed, 12 met the inclusion criteria for the current meta-analysis. Second, we coded independent variables-i.e., tempo, volume, instrumentation, familiarity, musical style, the music's source, and whether music was selected by the researchers or the drivers-and dependent variables-i.e., vehicular longitudinal and lateral control, driver reaction time, traffic signal violations, collisions, and driving scores. Third, we ran mixed-effects and random-effects models to identify both general tendencies and more particular trends related to the effect of music-listening on driving performance-driving performance is here understood as the combination of vehicle manipulation and road navigation. Consistent with anecdotal evidence, the results of this meta-analysis show that music-listening has a statistically significant detrimental effect on driving performance, specifically for collisions and longitudinal control. In contrast with anecdotal evidence, however, the results of this meta-analysis show a detrimental effect associated with music-listening at soft volumes and no significant difference in driving performance associated with tempo. The study's findings contributed to the development of a process model, and the concluding discussion offers suggestions for future empirical investigations related to music and driving.
IRJET-Effect of Music and Noise on Human Driving and Accident: A Systematic Review
IRJET, 2020
Traffic accidents have developed significant problem for governments, researchers and vehicle industrialists over the last few years. However, accidents are unlucky and repeatedly happen on the road and cause death, damage to infrastructure, and health injuries. Some studies have designated that noise exposure may not disturb simple attention. Despite music's distinct change from noise it too affects human performance negatively and positively. The aim of this research is to analysis the literature to grow an accepting of the effects of noise and music on human performance. The second perseverance was to study the effects of music even though driving. Background noise not only disturbs public health, but it also negatively disturbs human performance. Different features of sound (i.e. volume, type, and tempo) impact human performance differently. It is still unknown which aspect (music or noise) affects task show to a better degree.
The influence of music on mood and performance while driving
Ergonomics, 2012
Mood can influence our everyday behaviour and people often seek to reinforce, or to alter their mood, for example by turning on music. Music listening while driving is a popular activity. However, little is known about the impact of music listening while driving on physiological state and driving performance. In the present experiment, it was investigated whether individually selected music can induce mood and maintain moods during a simulated drive. In addition, effects of positive, negative, and no music on driving behaviour and physiological measures were assessed for normal and high cognitive demanding rides. Subjective mood ratings indicated that music successfully maintained mood while driving. Narrow lane width drives increased task demand as shown in effort ratings and increased swerving. Furthermore, respiration rate was lower during music listening compared to rides without music, while no effects of music were found on heart rate. Overall, the current study demonstrates that music listening in car influences the experienced mood while driving, which in turn can impact driving behaviour.
Driving with music: Effects on arousal and performance
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2013
In the current study, we aimed at exploring the influence of music on driving performance, arousal and mental effort while carrying out a monotonous car-following task in a lowcomplexity traffic setting. Participants (N = 47) were randomly assigned to loud and moderate volume music groups, and completed one drive in the simulator with music and another drive without music (control condition). In addition, during both of the drives we monitored driving performance and recorded participants' heart rate to track physiological indications of arousal and mental effort. Results revealed that listening to music had no effect on accuracy of car-following, and even had a positive effect on response latencies to speed changes of the lead vehicle and on lateral control. Importantly, arousal was higher in the presence than absence of music irrespective of the volume level, suggesting that loud volume music was not more arousing than moderate volume music. In addition, mental effort, which was inferred from the physiological measurement of heart-rate variability, did not differ in conditions with and without music. These findings indicate that listening to music does not impair performance in a monotonous car-following task, and might even improve some aspects of performance as a result of increased arousal.
The influence of music on mild driver aggression
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2003
Automobile drivers were randomly assigned to either a ''music'' or ''non-music'' group. The music group listened to their favorite music, while the non-music group abstained from any music or talk radio, during their entire commute to or from schoolnwork. Using a cellular telephone, state measures of driver aggression, time urgency, and stress arousal were obtained during a single commute in low and high congestion conditions. No predictors of mild aggression were found in low congestion. In high congestion, a music X time urgency interaction was found. Mild aggression was lower among those listening to music but only at low levels of time urgency. Results are interpreted in terms of the distractibility and relaxation effects.