Benigno Aquino, Jr. And The Making Of U.S. Policy In The Philippines During The Marcos Years (original) (raw)

The centrality of the US military bases system in the Philippines and its implications on the presidency from Manuel Roxas to Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino

The pivotal relation of the Philippines and the United States of America (USA) can be traced back during the years of the 20th century. William Howard Taft, known as the first civilian governor-general of the Philippines and eventually served as the 27th president of USA, described the Filipino descents as America’s “little brown brother”. As such, the Philippines, having been recognized as their ‘brothers’, Uncle Sam begets our nation with political, economic, military, religious and social implications and repercussions, which we comport until today. Of these areas of influences, the US militarization has been evidently in operation even after the 1946 declaration of the Philippine Republic. According to Mahan, the radix of the US military bases originated with the USA’s hunger for its “emerging role in the world’s commerce” (Mahan, 1990). Thus, this supplied an economic rationale behind the military bases. However, it should also be deemed that US military expansion was driven by its impulse to grasp power in the Pacific through the annexation of the Philippines. This paper will delve on the implications of these established US military bases on the presidential years of the former Philippine presidents, particularly from the period of Manuel Roxas to Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino.

From Aquino to Aquino: Transitional Challenges and Presidential Leadership in Democratizing Philippines

Applying the concept of “political time,” this presentation will discuss the cycle of presidential challenges within the context of the post-Marcos regime in the Philippines. Specifically, it will delineate the series of discrete political choices made by five post-Marcos presidents – Corazon C. Aquino, Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph E. Estrada, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and Benigno S. Aquino III – to address political crises of leadership during their first one hundred days in office. Furthermore, it will analyse the nature of presidential power in the Philippines by identifying the strategic moments that lie between structural regimes and agential choices.

Political Conjuncture and Scholarly Disjunctures: Reflections on Studies of the Philippine State under Marcos

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 2019

This professorial address contends that a systematic study of Marcos’s authoritarian rule is necessary, given the highly politicized interpretations of the past bequeathed to younger generations through textbooks and social media as well as the Philippine academic community’s general inability to analyze the defunct regime and to influence public discourse and shape public history. Social scientists must tap new sources of information, such as the Marcos Papers, to produce truthful and nuanced narratives of the past, even as they must endeavor to understand the Marcosian social fantasy and the sources of Filipino authoritarianism, which can illumine both the past and the present.

The Return of Marcos Dynasty (Journal of Democracy)

Journal of Democracy, 2022

The essay analyzes the historical relevance, confluence of contributing factors, and broader systemic implications of the emphatic electoral victory of Ferdinand Marcos Jr. in the 2022 Philippine presidential election. Accordingly, it provides an overview of the structural vulnerabilities of Philippine democracy, the contingent factors that facilitated Marcos Jr.'s electoral success, the personal background and predisposition of the new president, and the likely key features and policy thrusts of his presidency. Overall, the essay frames Marcos Jr.'s victory as the latest victory of authoritarian populism. In historical terms, it represents the latest "counterrevolution" in modern history, namely, the successful return to power of the ancien régime through systematic exploitation of the vulnerabilities of postrevolutionary regimes.