Toxicological activity of four plant oils against Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae (original) (raw)
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The insecticidal properties of 8 essential oils were screened on Culex pipiens larvae. The most effective oils were; Foeniculum vulgare (LC50 = 20.0 ppm) followed by Triticum vulgare, Rosa gallica, Salvia officinalis, Mentha spicata, Rosa damascene , Matricharia chamomilla and Ammi majus with LC50 values of 29.7, 30.0,30.3, 36.0, 78.0, 100.7and 210.0 ppm, respectively. The tested mixtures of the highest potentiating effect was for mixture of co-toxicity factor equaled 60.0( Foeniculum vulgare + Rosa damascene). The lower potentiating effects were obtained from mixtures of Rosa gallica + Foeniculum vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare + Ammi majus. The Rosa gallica oil exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 1000,500 and 250ppm. , till 500 ppm oils from Salvia officinalis , Matricharia chamomilla and Foeniculum vulgare whereas oils from Rosa damascene and Mentha spicata at 1000ppm. Ammi majus oil reduced egg hatch by 33.0%at 1000ppm. Rosa gallica yielded 100% complete inhibition of emergence of adults at 62.5 ppm and125 ppm for Mentha spicata and Matricharia chamomilla. Oils from Ammi majus and Rosa damascene yielded also100% complete inhibition of emergence at 250 ppm except Salvia officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare yielded 30.0%of emergence at 250ppm
Essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Parasitology Research, 2014
Insecticidal activity of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Tagetes lucida, Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis, Swinglea glutinosa, and Cananga odorata aromatic plants, grown in Colombia (Bucaramanga, Santander), and of a mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides EOs were evaluated on Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Rockefeller larvae. The EOs were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the EOs were identified using their linear retention indices and mass spectra. The lethal concentrations (LCs) of the EOs were determined between the third and fourth instar of A. aegypti. LC 50 was determined by probit analysis using mortality rates of bioassays. All essential oils tested showed insecticidal activity. The following values were obtained for C. flexuosus (LC 50 =17.1 ppm); C. sinensis (LC 50 =20.6 ppm); the mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides (LC 50 =40.1 ppm); L. alba (LC 50 =42.2 ppm); C. odorata (LC 50 = 52.9 ppm); L. origanoides (LC 50 = 53.3 ppm); S. glutinosa (LC 50 =65.7 ppm); T. lucida (LC 50 =66.2 ppm); E. citriodora (LC 50 =71.2 ppm); and C. citratus (LC 50 = 123.3 ppm). The EO from C. flexuosus, with citral (geranial+neral) as main component, showed the highest larvicidal activity.
Larvicidal activity of three plant extracts namely: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Anagallis arvensis and Melilotus indica were evaluated as a larvicidal potential against 2nd and 4th instars larvae of Culex pipiens by using different solvents; water, ethyl alcohol, acetone and petroleum ether (40-60). The ethyl alcohol and acetone extracts of Anagallis arvensis showed the highest larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 6.4 and 14.5 ppm for the 2nd 13.4and 23.5ppm for the 4th, respectively) followed by acetone and ethyl alcohol extracts of Melilotus indica (Lc50 was 27.5 and 44.8 ppm for the 2nd and 46.3 and 66.5 for the 4th, respectively). The acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis showed moderate larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 235.0 and 825.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). The hot water extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis exhibited the lowest larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 2225.0 and 3750.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). Followed by petroleum ether extracts of Anagallis arvensis (Lc50 was 1362.5 and 2775.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). and water extracts for Melilotus indica (Lc50 was 622.5 and 1050.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). Ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis had completely ovicidal action at 300ppm while at 400ppm for acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and 600ppm for Melilotus indica. Acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis completely inhibited adult emergence at 100ppm while at 1000ppm for Melilotus indica and 3000ppm for ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis. The ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis completely inhibited oviposition by gravid females till 300ppm, 1000ppm for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and 7000ppm for Melilotus indica.
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2016
Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, chikungunya, Zika virus disease, etc. causing millions of deaths every year. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted the environment. This has necessitated the search for alternative approach for mosquito control programme using natural products of plant origin especially plant oils. Therefore in the present study, the bioactivity of plant oils viz., aniseed, camphor, citronella, eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, lemon, rosemary, vetiver and wintergreen were tested at concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L against the third instar larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus in the laboratory. Results revealed varying degree of toxicity by plant oils on the larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the plant oils tested, eucalyptus showed the highest activity whose LC50 value was 186.77 and 206.08mg/L against the larvae ...
European Journal of Biology, 2019
Objective: The use of essential oils in mosquito control is considered as a potential alternative of synthetic insecticides. The current study aimed to assess the larvicidal activity of the essential oils extracted from five medicinal plants collected from northeastern Algeria against the Culiseta longiareolata larvae, a vector of the Plasmodium species in birds and one of the most abundant mosquito species in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The essential oils extracted from: Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia herba-alba, Juniperus phoenicea, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Eucalyptus globulus were tested against the 3 rd and 4 th instar Culiseta longiareolata larvae. The larvae were exposed to a series of concentrations of the tested essential oils for 24h. The concentrations that caused between 10% and 90% mortality were replicated four times, and the entire test was repeated three times. The collected data were used to determine the LC50 and LC90 values, Results: The tested oils revealed an efficient larvicidal activity. T. vulgaris showed 100% mortality at 80ppm final concentration, while the other tested oils showed 100% mortality at 200ppm. Furthermore, the lethal concentrations that caused 50% and 90% mortality (LC50 and LC90) were varying. T. vulgaris was the most efficient essential oil (LC50=25.64ppm, LC90=50.53ppm), followed by J. Phoenicea (LC50=59.83ppm, LC90=137.68ppm), R. officinalis (LC50= 64.18ppm, LC90= 96.55ppm), A. herba-alba (LC50=86.67ppm, LC90=139.55ppm), then E. globules (LC50=95.83ppm, LC90= 168.25ppm). Conclusion: The use of essential oils or their principal active components as α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and Camphor may serve as an eco-friendly method to control mosquito larvae. Nevertheless, the field application of essential oils and their principal components remains a fundamental step to evaluate the field efficacy of these botanic extracts and to note their possible secondary effects on non-targeted organisms.
Larvicidal and adulticidal effects of some Egyptian oils against Culex pipiens
Scientific Reports, 2022
Mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases represent an increasing global challenge. Plant extract and/or oils could serve as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The larvicidal effects of 32 oils (1000 ppm) were screened against the early 4th larvae of Culex pipiens and the best oils were evaluated against adults and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC mass) and HPLC. All oils had larvicidal activity (60.0–100%, 48 h Post-treatment, and their Lethal time 50 (LT50) values ranged from 9.67 (Thymus vulgaris) to 37.64 h (Sesamum indicum). Oils were classified as a highly effective group (95–100% mortalities), including Allium sativum, Anethum graveolens, Camellia sinensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Nigella sativa, Salvia officinalis, T. vulgaris, and Viola odorata. The moderately effective group (81–92% mortalities) included Boswellia serrata, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma aromatic, Allium sativum, Melaleuca alternifolia, Piper nigrum, and Simmondsia chinensis. The least effective...
2017
The secondary effects emerging from the use of conventional pesticides on environmental and human health were lead scientists to look for other safety products. Natural pesticides are promising in pest control, especially those derived from plants. In this study, the larvicidal activity and their effect on the reproduction potency of the essential oils of Ruta chalepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were evaluated against the mosquito species Culex pipiens. Newly exuviated larvae of third and fourth instar larvae were exposed to various concentrations of Ruta chalepensis (150-700 ppm) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (100-600 ppm). The results, for both plants, showed a toxic effect of the treated larval series with dose-response relationship. For Ruta chalepensis oil bioassay the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated at 95ppm and 550 ppm for the third-instar larvae, respectively, while these respective values were 245ppm and 830ppm for the fourth-instar larvae of Culex ...
Larvicidal activity studies of different concentrations (5.000, 2.500, 1.250, 0.625 and 0.3125 mg/ml)of water extracts of ten Egyptian plants (Nigella sativa, Pimpinella anisum, Trigonella foenum graecum, Artemisia monosperma, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum sp., Moringa olifera, Syzygium aromaticum (Caryphyllus aromaticus), Punica granatum, Cassia fistula) were carried out against the 3 rd instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Results indicated that, all water extracts of these plants under investigation are larvicidal agents at the studied concentrations (5.000, 2.500, 1.250, 0.625 and 0.3125 mg/ml) against the larvae, with special reference to Cuminum cyminum (% of mortality = 84.444±0.001, 64.444±0.000, 48.889±0.001, 28.889±0.001 and 22.222±0.001 respectively, LC50=1.946±0.001 and LC80=3.114 ±0.001 mg), followed by Pimpinella anisum (% of mortality = 53.333±0.001, 40.000±0.000, 26.667±0.001, 22.222±0.001 and 17.778±0.001 respectively, LC50=3.028±0.001 and LC80=4.844±0.001 mg). The least effect was obtained by Cinnamomum sp. (% of mortality = 17.777±0.001, 13.333±0.000, 8.889±0.001, 6.667±0.001 and 4.444±0.001 respectively, LC50=9.479±0.001 and LC80=15.166±0.001 mg)
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, 2013
The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.