The place-making activity of Russian in Hungary (original) (raw)
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Commercially Centred Public Linguistic Space of the Russian City through English Signage
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 2017
The paper contributes into urban sociolinguistics, problematizing a modern city's signage as a field of sociolinguistic discourse. The aim of the study is to envisage commercially centered public linguistic space trough organized and implemented language management process, and to reflect language users' preferences and visual perceptions of linguistic tokens. Assessment of the city linguistic image has evidenced a sample of linguistic landscape discursive power and its symbolic role. From the qualitative research perspective, the paper examines resident's self-reported emotions and perceptions of the linguistic landscape, a micro context of cultural, social and linguistic mixing. The research implies results from contributive efforts of multidisciplinary approach to analysis of urban settings: sociology of language, language policy and planning, applied linguistics, cognitive linguistics and cross-cultural studies.
Linguistic landscapes in a Western Ukranian town
Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2019
In this paper I describe how we identified the language symbols used on street and road signs in Ukraine's westernmost town, Berehove. In linguistic landscape studies, multiethnicity is a significant aspect indeed. Insofar as numerous ethnic groups live in Berehove side by side, it seems plausible to analyze the linguistic landscape of this settlement. In this study, two analyses (involving linguistic landscape items collected in 2013 and 2017) are used to elucidate this settlement's linguistic landscape. I demonstrate the linguistic landscape collections using two methods of analysis (quantitative and qualitative), studied in a town characterized by its multilingual history. I also analyze ethnolinguistic vitality research in bilingual settings of various time lines. Furthermore, I introduce inscriptions and symbols collected at a street fair in relation to their language and its richness.
Informal and transient displays of written language such as graffiti, announcements and notes attached to walls and lampposts form an integral part of an urban linguistic landscape. Especially within multilingual contexts, individuals constantly shape the public space by the languages they use and make language choices that do not always reflect official language policies, commonly held perceptions or the demographic makeup within a certain area. The capital of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, proves to be an interesting area of research here, as – apart from a Romanian-speaking majority – the city is home to a large share of speakers of Russian, a language long considered to be the lingua franca of the country. The aim of the current study is to analyse signs made by private individuals that are not part of shop fronts or billboards, namely those that are found all over the city and advertise for language courses, work opportunities abroad or express political opinions. The quantitative basis of the study is made up of two corpora with over 750 different items from various parts of Chisinau surveyed in 2009 and 2010 both in the centre of the city as well as in suburban residential areas. For better traceability and to ensure transparency in linguistic landscape analysis, the 2010 corpus is accessible online. The survey shows that Russian is widely used as a local lingua franca, contradicting official policies that declare Romanian Moldovan the sole national language.
The Linguistic Landscape of Tourism: Multilingual Signs in Lithuanian and Polish Resorts
Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri = Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric linguistics, (ESUKA – JEFUL), 2017
The present study provides a snapshot of Polish and Lithuanian linguistic landscapes (LLs) in several resort cities situated in the border areas of the two countries. The data consists of 515 digital pictures of multilingual signs collected in the central and thus the most touristic parts of the cities. The main objectives in this research are to identify the authorship of multilingual signs, determine the types of establishments that employ multilingual signage, and analyse which languages coexist in popular tourist destinations. The interpretation of the results is grounded on the interrelation between multilingual signage, tourism as an important economic factor, and official language policies. The findings show that at least some major tendencies in language displays in LL do relate to tourist exchange and tourists' needs. However, some trends (e.g. absence of Russian in Polish LLs) need to be analysed with regard to symbolic, economic, and ideological values attached to non-titular languages.
Beware of the dog! Private linguistic landscapes in two ‘Hungarian’ villages in South-West Slovakia
Language Policy, 2015
This study demonstrates how a single type of sign can be connected to language policy on a larger scale. Focusing on the relationship between language policy and language ideologies, I investigate the private Linguistic Landscape (LL) of Hungarians living in two villages in Slovakia. Through an examination of 'beware of the dog' signs, it is shown how such signs can be indicative of different language policies. In Slovakia, the Hungarian public LL is often referred to as a threat to the state language and public order. This ideology is reflected on the LL so that there are mostly Slovak-only public signs in bilingual and Hungarian dominant villages. The private realm is the only significant area where a certain Hungarian dominance is present. In a bilingual village, Hungarians prefer Slovak in their public signage, while in a village with Hungarian majority people invest on having private Hungarian signs by purchasing them in Hungary as well as through hand-making signs. The counter-normativity of having monolingual Hungarian signs is underlined by several factors. First, the language policy referred to as laws have put an emphasis on warning signs. Secondly, a Hungarian language rights leaflet has elevated 'beware of the dog' signs as normatively bilingual. Thirdly, the context of Slovakia, engaged in nation building disfavors the public use of Hungarian. This paper illustrates the importance of considering ideologies as reflected in private LL in multilingual contexts in transition.
Language Aspect of Form in Samosir's Tourism Public Signs: A Linguistic Landscape Study
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.5\_Issue.12\_Dec2018/Abstract\_IJRR0013.html, 2018
The paper explores the forms of language being used in the public signs around the tourist objects in Samosir regency, North Sumatera. Investigating forms of language in public sphere is a relatively new approach in applied linguistic and the branch of linguistics studying such forms is called Landscape Linguistic (or sometimes called Linguistic Landscape). The paper is both quantitative and qualitative. The first method identifies and calculates numbers of types of verbal and nonverbal languages and groups them into tables of percentage. In other words, the method also focuses on macro linguistic phenomenon. The second explores micro language forms involving morphology as content analysis strategy. The paper aims to investigate and answer the following two questions: what are the linguistic forms of language in public signs? and what are the nonlinguistic forms of language in public signs? The findings are: i) most of morphological forms are dominated by the forms of words followed by phrases, clauses and sentences respectively, ii) linguistic type forms show the outstanding numbers of translation forms, multilingual, mono-/bi-lingual, speech act and politeness strategy with less number of acronym, iii) visual design proves the forms of fonts size and type, colours, LL material, salience, and framing, and iv) spatial design indicates that media of LL is designed with more empty space. Few LL is seen fully loaded with information.
2015
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Monolingual bias and linguistic landscapes of the twin cities of Ivangorod/ Narva
: Smakman, D., Nekvapil, J., Fedorova, K. (eds.). Linguistic Choices in the Contemporary City: Postmodern Individuals in Urban Communicative Settings. Routledge. 213-238., 2022
Baranova certain languages from written public communication, therefore, not only refl ects exclusion of their speakers from public life but also helps to maintain the existing state of aff airs. 'Linguistic invisibility' both represents and creates inequality, certainly, not directly but via the language ideology it both refl ects and (re)produces (Hult 2018). In this sense, it is true that 'emplacement, or entextualisation, of linguistic signs is indeed a metadiscursive, and of necessity, an ideological act' (Jaworski and Thurlow 2010a : 12); by placing signs failing to represent minority languages, the majority states its dominance and refusal to accept others as their equals. Border communities present a rather interesting case for studies on multilingualism. Usually in places situated in close proximity to state borders, linguistic landscapes demonstrate more diversity than in other areas. As Gerst and Klessmann (2015 : 2) state it in their study on the German-Polish border cities, 'border towns, and especially twin cities, create multilingual spaces of language contact and linguistic demarcations that distinguish them from cities located further from the border'. However, Russian border cities do not necessarily comply with this principle, and visual linguistic diversity there can be even less than in other places, especially such global cities as Moscow and St. Petersburg. Ivangorod, a small city on the border with Estonia, presents an interesting case for analysis, especially in comparison with its twin city of Narva on the other side of the border. The linguistic landscapes of these two cities, analyzed in this chapter, reveal diff erent patterns of interplay between offi cial language policy (monolingual in both countries) and bottom-up language management. This chapter is structured as follows: fi rst, we deal with some theoretical concepts important for this study and describe in short the socioeconomic context for border-crossing activities in Russia; in the next section, the research methodology is discussed; Section 13.4 is dedicated to Ivangorod's economic and social background; then, Ivangorod's relations with its twin city of Narva are discussed; the results of the study on Ivangorod's and Narva's linguistic landscapes are presented in Sections 13.6 and 13.7, respectively; in the Concluding discussion section, we compare the data from two border cities, summarise our fi ndings and try to suggest possible explanations for the situation we discovered there. 13.2 Border cities, migration, and linguistic landscapes: Theoretical and empirical background Transformations in linguistic landscapes are usually associated with migration processes. The mobility of people and consequent changes in the ethnic and social composition of settlements-be it a village, a small town, or modern megalopolis-inevitably lead to changes in speech practices, both oral and written; usually there is an increase in 'the visibility of diff erences' (Blommaert 2010 : 133). Unsurprisingly, in sociolinguistics interest in globalisation and its eff ects on communication results in the growing interest in space and its interaction with language (Vigouroux 2009 ; Johnstone 2011). In their analysis