Prevalence and Aetiology of Pathological Vaginal Discharge among Third-Trimester' Women Attending Antenatal Care at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (original) (raw)
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Bacterial vaginosis and other infectious agents in preterm labour in Kirkuk province
Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies, 2012
Preterm labour was known as occurrence of delivery before completing 37 weeks of gestation, through which reduction in normal vaginal flora will occur specially lactobacilli in addition to change of pH, which may lead to increases of some aerobic bacteria such Gardnerella vaginalis , so this study was conducted to assess bacterial vaginosis rate among women with preterm labour. From the period of 1 st of December2008 to 31th 2009 retrospective study was carried on in Suliamania teaching and Azadi teaching Hospitals. Seventy five women were enrolled in the study, their age ranged from 15 to 45 years. For each patient special questionnaire form was filled ,also for each high vaginal swab(HVS) was tested for color,pH,whiff test and Clue cells in addition to cultivation of HVS & urine for detecting other bacterial isolates. Women with polyhydraminos, multiple pregnancy, cervical incompetence, malformed uterine & drug addict were discharged from the study. The results were revealed the all rate of infection 76.67 % which included bacterial infection 42.67%(high rate 16.07 % with Escherichia coli and the low rate was with Proteus species),followed by 33.33 %,18.67 % & 8 % for, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candiada albicans & Trichomonas vaginalis respectively P<0.05.Gardnerella vaginalis was seen in 21 samples as pure cases with the rate 84 % mostly associated with clue cells & pH ranged from 6 to 8 with the rate of 26.42 %, Moblincus species rate was 9.12 %. Relationship between patient residency, age in regard bacterial vaginosis & other microorganisms' distribution were not statistically significant. History of vaginal discharge, disparunia, rupture membrane & vaginal itching in association to microbial distribution were significant P<0.05.
Infective genital discharge in a pregnant mother poses a greater risk of transmission of HIV to the unborn child and other complications such as abortion, premature rupture of membrane, prematurity and low birth weight. To detect some common microbial agents of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnant women in order to improve the early diagnosis and prompt treatment in line with current syndromic management. A prospective study of female genital swabs from pregnant women collected from Primary Health Care Centers, Jos and analysed for microscopy, culture and sensitivity in Jos University Teaching Hospital, December 2006 to December 2007. Data on epidemiologic indices were collected from the patients, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Microbial agents were detected in 54.3% (n = 380) of a total 700 female genital swab from the pregnant mothers studied. Candida species were at the peak of the group of causative agents with 80.0% (n = 304) of the 380 positive genital swab samples, other causative agents were Gardnerella vaginalis, an agent of bacteria vaginosis with 7.6% and Trichomonas vaginalis, 1.8%. The distribution of abnormal vaginal discharge was highest in the multigravida (73.3%) and is commonest in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy with 44.7 and 39.5% respectively. Abnormal vaginal discharge was prevalent in the multigravida group and the commonest microbial agents of infective vaginal discharge among the pregnant mothers were Candida species. We recommend early diagnosis, prompt treatment and prevention of infective female genital discharge in pregnant mothers in order to curtail the transmission of HIV.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background: Vaginal infections usually caused by Candida sp, organisms responsible for bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse outcomes during pregnancy and child birth. The study determined the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis (TV) in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Kintampo Municipal Hospital. Methods: A study adopted a cross sectional design and recruited 589 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from September, 2014 to March, 2015. Semi-structured questionnaire were administered to participants and vaginal swabs were collected. The samples were analysed using wet mount method and Gram stain (Nugent criteria) for vaginal infection. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate association of risk factors to vaginal infections. Results: The overall prevalence of at least one vaginal infection was 56.4%. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were 36.5, 30.9 and 1.4% respectively. Women with more than four previous pregnancies (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.58) and those in the third trimester of pregnancy (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.30-0.96) were associated with a lower risk of bacterial vaginosis. Douching and antibiotic use were neither associated with VVC or BV. Conclusion: The prevalence of vaginal infections was high among pregnant women in the Kintampo area. There is the need for interventions such as adequate investigations and early treatment of vaginal infections to reduce the disease burden to avoid associated complications.
Prevalence of Vaginal Infections in Preterm Labour
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the association of vaginal infection in preterm deliveries. Study Design: Retrospective/prospective study Place and Duration: Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of MSF Women's Hospital Peshawar and King Abdullah Teaching Hospital, Mansehra for the duration of six months form August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Total 76 females with ages 18-(42) years were presented in this study. After receiving informed written consent, detailed demographic information about the enrolled patients, such as age, body mass index, domicile, and educational status, was recorded. Gravidity status and history of preterm deliveries were also assessed among all cases. Association of microorganisms was diagnosed by taking high vaginal swab and sent for test in bio lab. Prevalence of vaginal infections and risk factors were calculated. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among all, 40 (52.6%) were ages between 18-28 years, 22 (28.9%) had age 29-38 years and 14 (18.4%) patients were aged between 39-48 years. Majority females 55 (72.4%) had BMI <25kg/m 2 and 21 (27.6%) had BMI >25kg/m 2. As per socioeconomic status, 44 (59.2%) cases had poor, 20 (26.3%) cases had middle and 12 (15.8%) patients were from upper class. There were 27 (35.5%) patients had history of preterm deliveries. Frequency of vaginal infections was found in 28 (36.8%) cases. UTI was found in 22 (28.9%) patients. Among HVS culture test, candida found in 25 (35.9%) patients. E.coli was the most common microorganism found in 10 (13.2%) patients. Conclusion: This study led us to the conclusion that vaginal infections greatly contribute to the unnecessary causes of premature labour. Screening for asymptomatic genitourinary infections in pregnant women is always a good idea. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of vaginal infections help reduce preterm labour and the related neonatal morbidity and mortality of premature newborns.
Preterm Labour: An insights into Vaginal Infections
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Background: Preterm births result from preterm labour. The chief causes of newborn neurological morbidity and transience are prematurity and low birth weight. Vaginal infections are considered as a higher risk factor for pre term labour. Preterm labour is less common when proper antenatal examination, screening for lower urogenital tract infections, and early treatment are carried out. Methods: Group B streptococcus (GBS), Urea plasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, bacterial vaginosis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II, were all examined in vaginal swab samples from A control group of 81 expectant mothers underwent a GBS test. Tests for the antimicrobial propensities of GBS, U. urealyticum and M. hominis were conducted. Results: 8.70% of PTL-WO, 16.33% of S-PTB, 11.70% of M-PTB, and 17.29% of the control group had GBS. 13.04% of PTL-WO, 18.37% of S-PTB, and 17.65% of M-PTB had M. hominis. U. urealyticum was detected by PCR and culture in 52.17 percent of PTL-WO, 48.98 percent of S-PTB, and 55.88 percent of M-PTB. 17.39% of PTL-WO patients, 4.08% of S-PTB patients, and 5.88% of M-PTB patients had C. trachomatis. Monilia was found in 4.3% of PTL-WO, 6.12% of S-PTB, and 5.88% of M-PTB. This examination failed to discover N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, HSV I, T. vaginalis, or T. pallidum; no additional bacteria or viruses were detected either. Conclusions: Lower urogenital tract infections in pregnant women should be tested for, especially in high-risk situations. When genitourinary infections are detected early and treated fast, prematurity-related infant morbidity and mortality are decreased, and preterm labour is less common.
Aerobic bacterial pathogens causing vaginitis in third trimester of pregnancy
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2017
Introduction: Aerobic vaginitis is defined as a disruption of the lactobacillary flora, accompanied by signs of inflammation and the presence of predominantly aerobic microflora, composed of enteric commensals or pathogens. The Lactobacilli are replaced by aerobic facultative pathogens like E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, group B Streptococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus species which lead to ascending vaginal infections and various complications of pregnancy. Aim and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of aerobic vaginitis in third trimester of pregnancy and to study different aerobic bacterial vaginal pathogens and their antibiogram. Materials and Method: One hundred and sixty six pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were studied for aerobic pathogens by gram staining and culture-sensitivity. High vaginal swab was taken of all the women and sent for culture and sensitivity. Diagnosis of aerobic vaginitis was made on microscopy and culture report. Results: Out of total 166 women, 88 were asymptomatic and 78 were symptomatic. Significant aerobic growth was seen in 29 women. Seventeen (21.79%) symptomatic women had positive vaginal culture and 12 (13.64%) asymptomatic women showed positive aerobic vaginal cultures. Six in the asymptomatic group had candidiasis. Commonest aerobic isolate was Enterococcus followed by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that the overall prevalence of aerobic vaginitis was17.47%. Conclusion: High prevalence of aerobic isolates (21.79% in symptomatic and 13.64% in asymptomatic group) may have detrimental implications on the maternal and neonatal wellbeing. We recommend that all women in third trimester should be screened for the presence of vaginal pathogens.
Infection and Drug Resistance
Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women. It is characterized by the decrement of lactobacilli and increasing proliferation of diverse anaerobic bacteria. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and contributing factors vary between countries, within the same country, and among different populations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care from May 5-July 15, 2021 in health-care facilities found in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 pregnant women attending antenatal care through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and two vaginal swabs were collected using sterile swabs and transported to the microbiology laboratory. Samples were analyzed using Amsel's criteria or using Nugent scoring criteria and culture. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with bacterial vaginosis. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Altogether 248 pregnant women were included in the study. Overall, 21.4% (95% CI: 16, 27) of study participants had bacterial vaginosis. History of sexually transmitted infection (
Bacterial flora of the genital tract in pregnancy and early labour
Annals of Health Research, 2020
Background: Bacterial infections of the reproductive tract are common during pregnancy and have been associated with some pregnancy-related morbidities. There is limited information on the prevalence of bacterial infection of the reproductive tract during labour. Objective: To compare the prevalence of bacterial colonisation of the reproductive tract of pregnant women in early third trimester and early labour, and determine the associated foetal outcome. Methods: High vaginal swabs were collected from 201 pregnant women with gestational age from 26 to 32 weeks at the antenatal clinic of a Nigerian teaching hospital. The samples were processed to isolate bacterial organisms. Repeat samples were collected in early labour. The foetal outcome was assessed and recorded. Results: The prevalence of bacterial colonisation was 31.3% in early third trimester and 21.9% in early labour (p = 0.032). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism isolated. Cefoxitin and imipenem were the m...
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN PRETERM LABOUR AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Bacterial Vaginosis is one of the important cause for pre-term labour which in turn can lead to infant mortality and morbidity, an easy and reliable Bacterial Vaginosis detection procedure is needed for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent adverse effects caused by bacterial vaginosis, this study provides a view on simple diagnostic techniques for early and easy detection of Bacterial Vaginosis to combat preterm labour. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 100 women (Study group) with preterm labour were screened for the prescence of Bacterial Vaginosis by performing Whiff test, wet mount preparation, estimation of pH and Grams's staining and compared with 100 women (control group) with term pregnancy. RESULTS: the study group showed Bacterial Vaginosis in 42% whereas the control group had only 18%, Gram staining in the present study revealed normal flora 19%, intermediate flora 21%, BV 42% and scanty flora 16% in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Preterm labour is one of the major cause for infant mortality and morbidity and Bacterial Vaginosis is one the predisposing factor for preterm labour so a simple diagnostic techniques to diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis will lead to early detection of Bacterial Vaginosis which may in turn decrease preterm labour and reduce infant mortality and morbidity.