Deployment and Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Ghanaian Universities (original) (raw)
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Adoption of e-learning technology has been carried out by numerous universities in the developing countries with the aim of advancing the knowledge society and economic development. However, the adoption of e-learning technology in the said universities is fraught with challenges leading to low level use for instructional purposes. The study aims at: (i) identifying the predictors of successful adoption of e-learning, (ii) investigating causes of failures of past e-learning information systems initiatives, and (iii) developing a predictive framework for the advancement of e-learning programmes for universities in Uganda. In order to determine possible predictors of successful adoption, the researcher adopted the configurational (Gestalts) approach. The hypotheses were tested in a survey that involved 73 lecturers and 184 students from Uganda's Makerere University and Gulu University. The respondents' opinions are obtained using questionnaires and interviews and analysed using descriptive, clustering and deductive thematic analyses techniques. The research identified four analytical clusters from the target group of the lecturers, while the target group of the students are described by six analytical clusters. Results from cluster 1 among lecturers indicate that successful adoption is dependent on being familiar with the objectives of the university's e-learning policies, finding time to experiment with ICT, availability of financial support and commitment of university management. However, it should be noted that while the study was conducted within two Universities, the majority of the lecturer respondents were from Makerere University. Therefore, while organisational characteristics contribute to the adoption of e-learning among lecturers, their influence is more pronounced in the established university, that is, Makerere. Both lecturers and students adopt e-learning facilities at later stages of their studies or career which raises great concern. The majority of the lecturers in the lead cluster were male and PhD holders while most of the students in the lead cluster were male and in their second year of study. Lecturers in Cluster 1 are adopters because of the knowledge and long-time experience with e-learning facilities compared to their counterparts in Clusters 2 and 3. Students in Cluster 4 were adopters because they had more knowledge and skills in the use of ICTs than their counterparts in the other clusters. Cluster 3 and 6 among lecturers and students respectively were least adopters of e-learning mainly because they were unfamiliar with the university e-learning policy. The main causes of failure of past e-learning information systems initiatives were lack of vi structured approach to e-learning and inadequate empowerment. From the cluster findings, a predictive framework for the advancement of e-learning programmes in universities in Uganda was developed. It was recommended that: adoption of e-learning technology should be encouraged during the early school years of the students and earlier career years of the academic if universities are to be competitive. vii
Sustainability
The onset of COVID-19 has triggered the mass diffusion of information technology-backed services globally. In Ghana, Universities adopted various e-learning platforms in order to sustain teaching and learning. While this is positive, not much is known about the continuous usage intention of lecturers in these Universities. Therefore, we explored this phenomenon using survey data from teaching staff at the University for Development Studies. Our results using the partial least square structural equation model suggest that facilitating factors, attitude, perceived trust, and perceived usefulness positively influence the continuous usage intention of lecturers. This can shed light on the contribution of COVID-19 as an external facilitating factor to the mass uptake of e-learning systems. Furthermore, this study confirms existing theories on the continuous usage of ICT-powered systems. Consequently, universities should have well-formulated strategic plans in order to ensure the continua...
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The study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the adoption of e-learning in the University of Gezira according to views of staff members and recommended possible solutions to overcome challenges. Recently, the University of Gezira as well as some other Sudanese Universities started to adopt e-learning as new methods to facilitate teaching and learning. Sample of 150 staff members were selected randomly from the University sectors (education, engineering and applied sciences, agriculture, economics and human sciences, medicine and health). A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents; however, a sample of 91 questionnaires was collected. The results revealed that most of the respondents acknowledged that there were multi challenges facing and hindering the adoption of e-learning successfully in University of Gezira. The most significant findings were lack of infrastructure and lack of training. Moreover, the internet services, loading of e-learning contents, technical support and availability of hardware and software provided by the University of Gezira to facilitate effective and successful e-learning adoption was not enough. On the other hand, the respondents believe that the English language is not a barrier to implement elearning. Also the respondents felt positive attitude toward e-learning. For successful e-learning in general and in the University of Gezira in particular, it is recommended the challenges should be addressed by University and possible solutions should be implemented.