How coins move -- second spreadsheet (original) (raw)
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Abstract
A first attempt to study how coins move by detailed examination and comparison of site-finds -- with related spreadsheets.
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A simple method for the interpretation of coin hoard patterns
Dating historical events or artefacts by coins has a long tradition. The information contained in a closed ensemble of find coins, however, is higher than merely the age of the "terminal coin". Much of this additional information can be retrieved from the histogram of the ensemble. The paper describes a simple method for interpreting the "pattern" (or shape) of a coin hoard in terms of its coin circulation system (i.e. transport time, speed of circulation, etc.)
What can we learn from 'transitional' coins?
Coinage and history in the seventh century near east, 2020
A few rare coins combine obverses and reverses from two different phases of Arab-Byzantine coinage. Could these coins represent a transition from one phase to the next? This paper is identical to the published version, but corrects a misleading typo in the caption to Fig. 8 on p. 128
Applying Statistics and Computer Science to the study of big coin finds: an engineering approach
"Too Big to Study? Troppo grandi da studiare?", 2019
Any large amount of data raises processing and interpretation issues. Coin finds, particularly hoards made of several thousand pieces, are no exception. In front of a great number of specimens, a comprehensive study, conducted with methods usually applied to small finds, becomes a difficult target to achieve. Statistics, as well as Computer Science, can provide important analysis tools and solutions allowing the researchers to extract relevant information from finds data. This contribution will examine how Statistics and Computer Science can support the work of numismatists. It will present at an introductory level what is still available today and what could become affordable hopefully not too far in the future, going through the major pros and cons. It will be shown how large and articulated amounts of data – from denominations of coins to the mints of origin, from image descriptions to weights and diameters – can be managed and organized in a smart way along with coin images into a structured information system. The analysis will be carried out under an engineering perspective, always focusing on aspects such as application limits, implementation costs and the effort required in terms of human resources.
Coins that Change Their Weights
2016
As in many coin puzzles, we have several identical-looking coins, with one of them fake and the rest real. The real coins weigh the same. Our fake coin is special in that it can change its weight. The coin can pretend to be a real coin, a fake coin that is lighter than a real one, and a fake coin that is heavier than a real one. In addition to this, each time the coin is on the scale, it changes its weight in a predetermined fashion. In this paper, we seek to find our fake coin using a balance scale and the smallest number of weighings. We consider different possibilities for the fake coin. We discuss coins that change weight between two states or between three states. The 2- state coin that changes weight from lighter to real and back has been studied before, so we concentrate on the 2-state coin that changes weight from lighter to heavier, and back. We also study the 3-state coin, which changes its weight from lighter to heavier to real, and back to lighter. Given the total number...
European Journal of Physics, 2000
Students often have difficulty understanding the concepts of en- tropy and irreversibility, and to a lesser extent, temperature. This is partially due to the statistical nature of these concepts and the abstract connection between probability and energy. The following example of a large collection of coins elucidates the basic concepts of probability— in particular, the law of large numbers—and uses them in the same setting to untangle the more difficult notions of temperature, entropy, and irreversibility.
2010
The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of The MITRE Corporation and should not be construed as an official government position, policy, or decision, unless designated by other documentation.
Ariel D.T. 2021, Area J, The Coins
Excavations in the City of David, Jerusalem (1995-2010)
Forty-nine copper-alloy coins were uncovered in Area J, ten of which are unidentifiable. The excavators describe a long occupational gap between the 8th and 1st centuries BCE (see Chapter 8). The gap ends in Area J with the unusual appearance of abandoned intact cooking pots. This phenomenon finds parallels in Area A (see Chapter 4) and in Shiloh's Area A1 (De Groot, Cohen and Caspi 1992: 17). In both areas, the quantity of coins allowed us to reach chronological conclusions that enabled us to date some of the pottery. The numismatic profile of the Area A coins from the relevant contexts date to the 1st century BCE (see Chapter 7), while the profile of Shiloh's Area A1 coins was clearly later, from the 1st century CE. As the coins cataloged here do not originate from well-defined contexts related to the cooking pot depositions, they cannot contribute to the dating of this phenomenon in Area J. Eighteen of the cataloged coins (Nos. 1-3, 5-7, 9-10, 12, 14-18, 27-29, 32) derive from three loci (L29-30, 167), which are part of the large element in which many of the coins from the eastern slope of the City of David were excavated, the so-called dumps, an approximately 6-8 m thick layer of debris that covered many parts of the hill like a mantle. Reich and Shukron (2003: 12) identified this feature as Jerusalem's city-dump. Based on the near absence of coins of the first Jewish Revolt, they argued that the garbage discarded was deposited during the last century (or more) before the city's destruction, but not during the First Revolt itself (Reich and Shukron 2003: 17), and not after the revolt, as Shiloh (1990: 6-7) had maintained. Three coins of the First Jewish Revolt were found in Area J. Reich and Shukron stated (2003: 16) that none was found there-or in Areas A and C. Two of the coins (Nos. 33-34) were found out of context, on the surface of the excavation area. The third (No. 32) actually derives from the supposed refuse layers (Locus 167). That said, Reich and Shukron's contention that the city-dump functioned prior to the outbreak of the revolt may still be valid. With numerous excavations exposing extensive portions of the estimated 200,000 cubic meters of the "dumps," the finding of one First Revolt coin is negligible. It is important to note the frequency of such coins in excavations in ancient Jerusalem. The Israel national collection holds 2,743 coins identified as belonging to the First Jewish Revolt series found throughout ancient Jerusalem. Therefore, under these circumstances, it seems reasonable to discount one coin in the city-dump. The remainder of the coins found in Area J are contemporary with those found in the garbage dump. The five outliers (Nos. 35-39) are all surface finds. As single finds of the 4th, 6th, 7th and 14th centuries CE, they reflect human activity in other periods in Jerusalem's history, represented by numerous coin finds in general, and at the City of David in particular.
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Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 2006
We consider combinatorial and computational issues that are related to the problem of moving coins from one configuration to another. Coins are defined as non-overlapping discs, and moves are defined as collision free translations, all in the Euclidean plane. We obtain combinatorial bounds on the number of moves that are necessary and/or sufficient to move coins from one configuration to another. We also consider several decision problems related to coin moving, and obtain some results regarding their computational complexity.
Algebraic and Scientific Thinking via Spreadsheets: The Unstacking Coins Model
Electronic Proceedings of the ICTCM Conference, Vol. 29, 2018
By starting with a stack of coins and removing four at a time, we construct a model with negative correlation. This investigation can have the linear regression model with its mathematical nature converted to the scientific nature (physical meaning of variables). Error can be investigated in a spreadsheet simulation to see how it influences results including model predictions. We can validate the model using US Mint data along with pooled group results for some interesting discussion.
Parthica, Vol. 13, 67-71. In Zhores Khachatryan, "The Tomb of Sisian (second Half of the 1st Century BC), 2011
Si prega di inviare manoscritti, dattiloscritti e stampati e la posta redazionale al seguente indirizzo: dott. Carlo Lippolis, Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, Archeologiche e Storico-Territoriali, Via Giolitti 21/e, i 10123 Torino. I testi originali di contributi e/o recensioni sottoposti all'attenzione della redazione scientifica non saranno restituiti.
Percentile Plots and Other Methods of Graphing Coin Weights
Weights of large numbers of coins can be difficult to summarize and interpret. Several ways to plot data are discussed and the Percentile Plot is recommended, especially for comparing weights of two or more issues. Remark: This is now easy to do in a spreadsheet. Sort the weights lowest to highest. Rank them 1 to n. Make a column with 100*rank/(n+1). Make a scatterplot of that on the x-axis and the weights on the y-axis.
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An extract from a larger paper presented to the Bethsaida session at the 2013 SBL International Meeting in St Andrews, Scotland. This report covers the 139 coins from the Bethsaida Excavations during the period 2001 to 2012. The report includes key identification details (IAA reference, basket numbers, etc) as well as detailed descriptions of the coins, where an identification is possible. There are no photographs of the coins in this version of the report, but these will be added at a future date. This extract is the version that will be updated from time to time as new information becomes available. Updates so far have been made on these dates: 29 & 30 July 2013; 26 December 2013.
British Numismatic Journal, 87, 2017
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