Transnational hair (and turban): Sikh masculinity, embodied practices, and politics of representation in an era of global travel (original) (raw)

The disporia of borders: Hindu-Sikh transnationals in the diaspora

This paper offers a set of nuanced narratives and a theoretically-informed report on what is the driving force and motivation behind the movement of Hindus and Sikhs from one continent to another (apart from their earlier movement out of the subcontinent to distant shores). What leads them to leave one diasporic location for another location? In this sense they are also 'twice-migrants'. Here I investigate the extent and nature of the transnational movement of diasporic Hindus and Sikhs crossing borders into the U.S. and Australia – the new dharmic sites – and how they have tackled the question of the transmission of their respective dharmas within their own communities, particularly to the younger generation. Two case studies will be presented: one from Hindus and Sikhs in Australia; the other from California (temples and gurdwaras in Silicon Valley and Bay Area).

Head First: Young British Sikhs, Hair, and the Turban

Journal of Contemporary Religion, 2010

A number of recent controversies have highlighted the importance of religious symbols in contemporary British society. As one of the most distinctive minority ethnic communities in Britain today, Sikhs are always affected by these controversies as many maintain an external identity, the most important aspects of which are arguably uncut hair and the turban. This article presents the results of a qualitative study into the perspectives of young British Sikhs (18-32) on hair and the turban. Twenty five semistructured interviews were conducted with young Sikhs who treat these articles of faith in different ways. The interviews focused on understanding how young British Sikhs view the keeping of the hair and turban, what these Sikh symbols mean to them, what issues they face in keeping an external identity, and how keeping these symbols fits in with the idea of being British and Sikh. Although the importance of these symbols is unique to each individual, the findings may enhance our understanding of why the maintenance of external religious symbols is still important for many young people today.

Becoming men in a modern city : masculinity, migration and globalization in North India / by Harjant S. Gill

2012

This dissertation explores the formation of contemporary Punjabi Sikh masculinity in North India. Through fifteen months of fieldwork carried out in Chandigarh, the capital city of Punjab, I look at how young Punjabi men belonging to landowning Jat Sikh families develop notions of masculinity and migration. In addition to the traditional gender norm Punjabi men are expected to follow such as getting an arranged marriage, having kids, and supporting their families, most of the men I interviewed characterized successful masculinity as the ability to migrate abroad and become transnational citizens.

Diaspora as a Spectrum: Punjabi-Sikh Subjects and the Gendered Context of Diaspora Membership

The shift away from population group (i.e. South Asian) and toward subjects (i.e. the model immigrant) is one possible pathway to the careful study of the context of diaspora. In this chapter, I argue that the context of the Punjabi-Sikh diaspora in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is a spectrum of variegated memberships and self-perceptions of belonging that are inherently gendered. In my ethnographic research on transnational marriages and their breakdown, I discern three discrete yet overlapping subjectivities: the model immigrant and the multicultural citizen; the transnational competitive migrant; and, finally, the trans-local and sovereign subject. Through this spectrum of diaspora membership, I conduct a close analysis of gendered subjectivities in relation to their corresponding configurations of power in marriage and its breakdown. First, I provide overviews of the fieldwork, data, and subject groups the chapter is based on, and then I proceed to discuss local and transnational understandings of marriage and marriage breakdown. Then I discuss the spectrum of diaspora membership, addressing marriage and its breakdown in relation to the three above-mentioned groupings respectively.

Relocating Gender in Sikh History: Transformation, Meaning and Identity

2003

This work studies Sikh history and culture - lauded for its militaristic, hyper-masculine character by India's colonial rulers - from a feminist perspective, an approach that is unprecedented. Beginning with early Sikh history, the author explores "male"/"female" constructs and demonstrates in her analysis of the Sikh Sabha movement that gender politics (as based on the Victorian notions of gender) were pivotal to this endeavour.

Politics of Identity & Independence: Sikh Political Activism at Home and in the Diaspora

The paper seeks to analyse the complex interconnection between the identity politics of the Sikh community in the diaspora and the Sikh homeland politics in India. Building on the history of Sikhism, the paper focuses on the continuity and changes in the nature of political activism of the Sikhs both in the diaspora and homeland in the context of globalisation.

Military/warrior legacy, the Taj and the Sikh-Canadian diaspora in Breakaway

Sikh Formations , 2020

This study examines the portrayal of the Sikh diaspora in Canada in the film Breakaway/Speedy Singhs (2011). In particular, I explore two scenes that are at the intersections of transnational configurations and homeland paradigms: (i) the depiction of the Taj in specific aesthetic ways (ii) the micro-interplays of the use of the ancestral material objectthe metal headgear resembling a pagri belonging to Sikh warriors that injects a new dimension of how materiality can be recast to generate fresh meanings. These and the other themes in the film gesture at integrative practices and reconceptualizing of tradition, thereby resonating with Sikhism as an everyday experience.