ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Strategies and the Evaluate Criteria (original) (raw)
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Covid-19 has given one positive perspective to look at our planet earth in terms of reducing the air and noise pollution thus improving the environmental conditions globally. This positive outcome of pandemic has given the indication that the future of energy belong to green energy and one of the emerging source of green energy is Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). LIBs are the backbone of the electric vehicles but there are some major issues faced by the them like poor thermal performance, thermal runaway, fire hazards and faster rate of discharge under low and high temperature environment,. Therefore to overcome these problems most of the researchers have come up with new methods of controlling and maintaining the overall thermal performance of the LIBs. The present review paper mainly is focused on optimization of thermal and structural design parameters of the LIBs under different BTMSs. The optimized BTMS generally demonstrated in this paper are maximum temperature of battery cell, ...
Thermal Management of Li-ion batteries plays a significant role in large power applications by addressing the thermal safety in addition to improving the performance and extending the cycle life. The electrochemical performance of the Li-ion battery chemistry, charge acceptance, power and energy capability, cycle life and cost are very much affected by the operating temperature. One of the side effects of exposure to high temperature is accelerated capacity-fade as well as safety risks. Therefore, maintaining an optimized and continuously regulated temperature necessitates an efficient thermal management system in Li-ion battery pack applications.
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Thermal management is crucial for improving the charge-discharge efficiency and cycling life of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a mathematical model coupling electronic conduction, mass transfer, energy balance and electrochemical mechanism is developed. Lithium ion diffusivity and chemical reaction rate of cathode material are estimated by comparing simulated results with experimental data of pulse test at various current charge-discharge rates (0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C) and operating temperatures (0 • C, 10 • C, 25 • C, 55 • C). The modeling results are further validated in aspects of electrochemical performance, thermal performance and electrochemical-thermal coupling effects, which show well agreement between the modeling results and experimental results. The modeling results show that lithium ion concentration gradient in both liquid phase and solid phase are greatly affected by temperature, and the lithium ion concentration gradient increase when temperature decrease. This phenomenon results in the capacity losses and power loses of lithium ion battery during low temperature operation. The reversible heat generation during charging process is equal with the heat consumption during discharging process. It is also indicated that the reversible heat is dominant at low rate discharging process and irreversible heat is dominant at high rate discharging process. Proper cooling system should be added to keep battery temperature within safety range during high rate current charging/discharging.
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The main challenge associated with renewable energy generation is the intermittency of the renewable source of power. Because of this, backup generation sources fuelled by fossil fuels are required. In stationary applications whether it is a backup diesel generator or connection to the grid, these systems are yet to be truly emissions-free. One solution to the problem is the utilisation of electrochemical energy storage systems (ESS) to store the excess renewable energy and then reusing this energy when the renewable energy source is insufficient to meet the demand. The performance of an ESS amongst other things is affected by the design, materials used and the operating temperature of the system. The operating temperature is critical since operating an ESS at low ambient temperatures affects its capacity and charge acceptance while operating the ESS at high ambient temperatures affects its lifetime and suggests safety risks. Safety risks are magnified in renewable energy storage applications given the scale of the ESS required to meet the energy demand. This necessity has propelled significant effort to model the thermal behaviour of ESS. Understanding and modelling the thermal behaviour of these systems is a crucial consideration before designing an efficient thermal management system that would operate safely and extend the lifetime of the ESS. This is vital in order to eliminate intermittency and add value to renewable sources of power. This paper concentrates on reviewing theoretical approaches used to simulate the operating temperatures of ESS and the subsequent endeavours of modelling thermal management systems for these systems. The intent of this review is to present some of the different methods of modelling the thermal behaviour of ESS highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.