EFFECT OF GROUNDNUT SHELL POWDER ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES (original) (raw)
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Natural fiber reinforced composites have gained considerable attention particularly in the manufacturing industry owing to their light weight, corrosion resistance, abundance, and biodegrada-bility. In this work, alkaline treated and untreated groundnut shell powder (GSP) was used to reinforce recycled polyethylene to produce GSP-recycled polyethylene composites with improved mechanical properties and biodegradability. GSP with particle sizes of 0-300 µm and 300-600 µm was used in different proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% wt. The fiber was immersed for 5 hours in a 10 wt% NaOH solution. Tensile and hardness test data showed an improvement in mechanical properties of the treated fiber composites. Results of water absorption test also showed that treated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites had a lower rate of water absorption than the untreated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, disappearance of characteristics peaks of hemicellulose and lignin was observed. Growth of fungi on the fiber-reinforced composites was observed, which was evidence that GSP-recycled polyethylene composite was biodegradable. Finally, SEM micrographs showed uniform distribution of treated fibers in the polymer matrix; this explained the observed improvement in the mechanical properties of treated GSP-recycled polyethylene composites.
Science World Journal, 2019
Groundnut shell powder (GSP) reinforced recycled high density polyethylene composites were developed via melt mixing and compression moulding techniques. GSP was alkaline treated to increase its compatibility with the polymer matrix. The developed composites were subjected to mechanical properties test and thermal characterization using 242E dynamic mechanical analyzer. Results obtained indicated an enhancement in mechanical properties of the recycled high density polyethylene composites compared to the unreinforced (control sample). Similarly, dynamic mechanical properties results showed that the storage modulus of all the composites increase with increase in weight percentage of GSP incorporated. The energy dissipation in form of heat (loss modulus) and damping peaks (Tan ∂) values were found to be reduced with the incorporation of alkaline treated GSP which implies an improvement in thermal stability and load bearing capacity of the composites.
Potential Use of Hazelnut Husk in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Composites
BioResources, 2016
Hazelnut husk was considered as a potential filler for thermoplastic composites. Different amounts of hazelnut husk flour and the recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) were used as the filler and polymer matrix, respectively. The composite compounds were produced using single-screw extrusion compounding, and then composite panels were prepared by hot-press compression molding. The morphological, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties, as well as the biological durability of the composites, were evaluated. The flexural and tensile modulus of the composites improved with increasing hazelnut husk filler content, whereas the physical properties, biological durability, and the flexural and tensile strengths were reduced. With the addition of a maleic anhydrite-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), the hazelnut husk filler was more finely dispersed within the polymer matrix and the degree of crystallinity was lower than that of the R-HDPE. This research revealed that hazelnut husk flour has potential for use as a filler in R-HDPE composites.
Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015
Natural fi bers have been used to reinforce materials for over 3,000 years. More recently they have been employed in combination with plastics. Many types of natural fi bers have been investigated for use in plastics including Flax, hemp, jute, straw, wood fi ber, rice husks, wheat, barley, oats, rye, cane (sugar and bamboo), grass reeds, kenaf, ramie, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sisal, coir, water hyacinth, pennywort, kapok, paper-mulberry, raphia, banana fi ber, pineapple leaf fi ber and papyrus. Natural fi bers have the advantage that they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The Asian markets have been using natural fi bers for many years e.g., jute is a common reinforcement in India. Natural fi bers are increasingly used in automotive and packaging materials. Pakistan is an agricultural country and it is the main stay of Pakistan's economy. Thousands of tons of different crops are produced but most of their wastes do not have any useful utilization. Agricultural wastes include wheat husk, rice husk, and their straw, hemp fi ber and shells of various dry fruits. These agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fi ber reinforced polymer composites for commercial use. This report examines the different types of fi bers available and the current status of research. Many references to the latest work on properties, processing and application have been cited in this review.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2019
To determine the possibility of using sugar- cane bagasse (SCB)and ground nut shell particulate(GNSP) waste as reinforcing ?ller in the thermo plastic polymer matrix, SCB&GNSP-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared. The PP and SCB and GNSP composites were prepared by the extrusion of PP and GNSP with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of SCB and GNSP with 3,6,9 and 12% filler in a co rotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physical and mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, Izod impact strength shore D hardness and water absorption. It was found that the Tensile strength increased from 29.06 to 31.38 MPa, Flexural strength increased from 28.62 to 43.56 MPa, Izod impact strength decreased from 35.11 to 30.93 J/m, and Shore D Hardness increased from 64.88 to 77.89, with increase in filler loading from 5 to 20% in the PP matrix. The decrease in Izod Impact strength and elongation with addition of SCB & GNSP filler to PP matrix follows the general trend of filler effects on polymer matrix. However, the main purpose of this work was to study the effect of SCB & GNSP waste on the mechanical properties of the PP Composites. The SCB and GNSP waste can be used as filler in the PP composites, which will reduce cost and give environmental benefits.
International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture
In-situ synthesis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced groundnut shell particulate (GSP) composite with treated GSP within the range of 10-30 wt% at 10 wt% has been achieved. The adopted technique used in the production of the composite is melt mixing and compounding using two roll mills with a compression moulding machine. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption analysis were examined. The result revealed that addition of GSP increases the hardness value from 22.3 to 87 Hv. However, the tensile strength progressively decreased as the GSP increases in the HDPE. This trend arises due to the interaction between neighbouring reinforced particulate which appears to influence the matrix flow, thereby inducing embrittlement of the polymer matrix. It was also observed that water absorption rate steadily increased with an increase in the exposure time and the absorbed amount of water increases by increasing the wt% of the GSP. Analysing th...
The Utilisability of Ground Hazelnut Shell as Filler in Polypropylene Composites
Acta Physica Polonica A, 2018
In Turkey, hazelnut shell is obtained in large quantities as an agricultural industry waste but usually used as heating material in houses. Hazelnut shell can be used as filler material in plastic composites due to its cellulosic structure. In this study, the utilisability of ground hazelnut shell in PP matrix composites investigated due to its relative hardness, characteristic color and availability. 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight ground hazelnut shell were mixed with PP matrix by extrusion and test samples prepared out of those mixtures by injection moulding. Tensile, the Izod impact, hardness, density, melt flow index, heat deflection and the Vicat softening point tests were performed on the samples. E modulus, hardness, heat deflection and the Vicat softening temperature values increased with the increased amount of ground hazelnut shell in polypropylene matrix. However, tensile strength, force at break, elongation at break, the Izod impact and melt flow index values decreased.
Mechanical and physical characterization of agricultural waste reinforced polymer composites
2012
Increasing concern about global warming, primarily due to deforestation has led development of new materials substitute to wood, which enhances optimal utilization of natural resources. Natural fibers such as jute, flax, sisal, etc., belong to this category and are locally available in abundance. All these natural fibers have excellent physical and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively in the development of composite materials for various applications. This paper investigates the properties of groundnut shell particles reinforced polymer composite (GSPC). Composite samples were prepared with different weight percentages of particles in polymer matrix. These samples were tested for some physical and mechanical properties. From the results of the experiments, it has been observed that the sample A (with 20 wt% of reinforcement) has maximum MOR of 40.57MPa and sample E (60 wt% of reinforcement) has maximum MOE of 8.204 GPa. The tensile test shows sample C (40 wt %)...