Anxiety, obsession and fear from coronavirus in Indian population: a web-based study using COVID-19 specific scales (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic among General Population of India
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021
Introduction-The coronavirus COVID-19 illness makes a very unpredictable future the main psychological effect is elevated rates of anxiety, because of pandemic and the lockdown. Aim-The aimed of the study was to Assess the level of anxiety during COVID-19 among general population in India. Methodology-A Snowball sampling technique was used to collect the samples from different state and union territory of India. Total 829 participants respond and enrolled themselves in the study. Participants in the study belong to 27 states or union territories of India and majority of them are from Delhi. Result-Most of the Participant in the study was female (54%), graduate (51%), age between 18-28 (60%) and Hindu (89.3%). Half of the participant were having minimal anxiety (57.1%) nearly one fourth of the participant were having Mild anxiety (28.5%) and least number of participants were having Moderate anxiety (11.0%) and Severe anxiety (3.5%).There was no significant association of Anxiety scores with Socio-demographic variable except place of stay, suffering from any health problem and During lockdown period time spent in watching news related to corona (COVID-19) on mobile, laptop, television etc. Conclusion-The study concluded the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cause anxiety among the people. Understanding the risk to yourself and people you care about can make an outbreak less adverse effect on mental and physical health of the people
Survey-based study on anxiety disorder among Indians due to the covid-19 global pandemic
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CREATIVE RESEARCH THOUGHTS , 2020
ackground: The first case of coronavirus in India appeared on 30th January 2020 in Kerala. After the outbreak of coronavirus in India, the Indian government announced a One-day' Janta curfew' on 21st March and a 21-day nationwide lockdown on 23rd March. The lockdown changed people's living conditions and filled them with anxiety and fear. Objective: - The aim of this study is to find the level of anxiety of the Indians Methodology: A personalized questionnaire was designed in the Google forms and distributed among the participants. The questionnaire contains four-part in which a constant letter, socio-demographic details, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and CAS, respectively Results: A total of 758 participants has participated in this online survey. Out of the total valid response, 486 (67.1%) were founded mild to moderate anxiety levels, and males found a higher anxiety level than females. Out of these, 50.3% felt breathing difficulty, and 62.9% o felt difficulty concentrating and losing interest in doing work, and 66.8 % felt the change in sleeping patterns. Conclusion: We found in this study that the anxiety level of those people who watch lots of news and think about the coronavirus is higher than the others. The main reason for people's anxiety is getting infected by a coronavirus, and Worry about Future.
Introduction: COVID- 19 hit 2020 as one of the worst pandemics which happens over 100 years. Like another world it affected Pakistan too. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to measure the COVID-19 related anxiety and obsession by using anxiety scale among local population of Pakistan. Methodology of the study: This was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out in Pakistan. An online semi-structured questionnaire was developed by using Google forms, with a consent form appended to it. The link of the questionnaire was sent through e-mails, Whats App and other social media to the contacts of the investigators. The participants were encouraged to roll out the survey to as many people as possible. Results: Results of the online as well as Performa based survey showed that 1108 participants consented and filled forms Mean age of the responders was 29.5±10 with 766 (69.1%) of young age,317(28.6%) were of middle age and 25(2.3%) were of old age groups. Female responders more 646(58.3%) than male responders i.e. 462 (41.7%). Conclusion: There is satisfactory knowledge of COVID 19 and practicing preventive measures in Pakistani population but they have very less faith on government and health care and they believe every rumor spread around. Key words: Attitudes, COVID 19; Quarantine, Scale, Anxiety
Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2021
Background: In the absence of treatment and unclear prognosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself, and public health measures like lockdown enforced by the government to limit the spread of the virus poses a threat to the psychological health of the general population. Aim: To assess the psychological status of the Indian population during the initial phase of lockdown. Method: It was a cross-sectional online survey where the questionnaire was disbursed by snowballing. The link to the survey was shared in different social networking platforms between 6th and 22nd of April 2020. The questionnaire collected responses related to the sociodemographic variables, exposure history, precautionary measures used, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) score. Results: A total of 541 participants responded to the questionnaire. Only 422 respondents' responses from 23 states of India who completed the questionnaire were included for assessment. The mean age of the participants was 30.5 (SD=10.9) years. Female constituted 60.4% (n=255) of the respondents. The pre-existing medical illness that the respondents had were diabetes mellitus, four per cent (n=17), hypertension, five per cent (n=21), thyroid dysfunction, nine per cent (n=38), and mental illness, five per cent (n=21). The median (IQR) of the DASS-21 item scale was found to be 16 (4-32). The percentage of the respondents who reported stress was 35.5% (n=149), anxiety, 32% (n=135), and depression, 34.7% (n=146). Respondents with sociodemographic variables like being single, student status, competed education till graduation, homemakers, working in public sector, and history of mental illness were more likely to experience stress, anxiety, and depression. A majority of the respondents were practicing hand hygiene and social distancing. Respondents who were unaware of their exposure status were more likely to have depression. Conclusion: The Indian population is experiencing the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which may increase with the spread of the infection. India needs to gear up to face mental health consequences. People with a pre-existing physical and psychological illness needs extra care and precaution to prevent any relapse or development of complications.
Prevalence of anxiety among the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh
International journal of community medicine and public health , 2022
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health of the global population. The purpose of this study is to investigate anxiety levels of adult population in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study utilized a web-based cross-sectional survey design. A total of 236 participants were enrolled via snowball sampling method. Standardized tool coronavirus anxiety scale was used to collect the data regarding COVID-19 related anxiety. The data was collected during August-November 2021. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The mean age of the participants was 26.64+8.38 years, with the majority being female (65.3%). Approximately half (48.3%) of the participants were healthcare professionals (HCWs). The results revealed that only 5.5% of the participants were anxious about COVID-19, with healthcare workers being the most anxious. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 crisis, appropriate supportive interventions should be implemented with the goal of providing targeted mental health services to those who are more likely to suffer from mental disorders. The psychosocial intervention and support strategy should cover specifically frontline workers who are tasked with the role of combating virus.
https://ijshr.com/IJSHR\_Vol.6\_Issue.1\_Jan2021/IJSHR-Abstract.019.html, 2021
Background: Fear, worry, and stress are normal responses to perceived or real threats, and at times when we are faced with uncertainty or the unknown. So, it is normal and understandable that people are experiencing fear in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare psychological impact and perceived mental health care needs during COVID 19 pandemic among health care professionals and general population in East District, Delhi, India. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted by using Google forms. Psychological impact was assessed by using Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Result showed that average GAD-7 score for anxiety was 10.6 (M = 10.6; SD = 1.71) for health care professionals and 10.8 (M = 10.8; SD = 1.49) for general population. Using a cut-off score of 10 for GAD-7, researcher found 74% health care professionals and 87% general population with moderated or severe symptoms of GAD. A total of 84.3% health care professionals and 92% general population requires mental health care need in current crisis. Conclusion: Researcher concluded that majority of the participants (80.5%) are having moderated or severe symptoms of anxiety. On comparison it was found that general population is more anxious and worried regarding COVID-19 pandemic in India and need to deal with their mental health difficulties which they are having in the current situation.
Erciyes Medical Journal , 2022
Objective: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a significant decrease in outpatient visits and hospital admissions. The increased risk of transmission, especially in environments with high contamination such as hospitals, may increase fear, obsession, and anxiety in patients. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting fear, obsession, and anxiety associated with COVID-19 in patients who are admitted to university hospital outpatient clinics. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2021 to February 2021 at Pamukkale University Hospitals outpatient clinics. Demographic information (age, education, sex, marital status, house sharing, employment, and work schedule) and questions related to COVID-19 (visiting a doctor regularly before the pandemic, positive test results, isolation due to contact, losing a friend/family member because of the disease, and delay/avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19-related concerns) were questioned. Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Obsession with COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Short Form-12 were filled. Results: A total of 535 patients (291 females and 244 males; mean age, 45.59±16.08 years) participated. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale score was 16.74±6.60, that of Obsession with COVID-19 Scale was 2.22±2.74, and that of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was 0.77±2.32. Female sex, working from home or flexibly, admission to internal medical sciences, and losing a loved one due to the disease increased COVID-19 fear, obsession, and anxiety (p<0.001). Fear, obsession, and anxiety associated with COVID-19 have negatively affected SF-12 physical and mental scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggested that to ensure that treatments can be continued uninterruptedly in patient groups who are at risk in terms of increasing COVID-19 fear, obsession, and anxiety, remote health consultations can be performed.
2021
Objective: To assess the prevalence of psychological distress and identify the predictors and factors associated with the distress during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population. Materials and methods: An online cross-sectional study with a semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the psychological distress using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among Indians. Descriptive statistics and the prevalence of psychological distress were calculated. A chi-square test was done to find the association between the independent variables and psychological distress. Factors that are significantly associated with psychological distress were further analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors. Results: 846 responses were obtained with a mean age of 32 years (32.45 ± 11.44). 35% (n=290) had significant psychological distress with a mean GHQ-12 score of 2.37. Factors associated were age (p=0.002), family members having COVID-19 symptoms (p=0.017), lockdown distress (p=0.0001), source of health information (p=0.041), perception that information by social media increased fear (p=0.0001), the likelihood of family contracting COVID-19 (p=0.022), the pattern of food consumption (p=0.0001) and worry about financial burden during lockdown (p=0.0001). By logistic regression analysis, we found increased odds of developing psychological distress among the participants aged less than 40 years (OR=1.49, C.I=1-2.249,p=0.050); people who felt distressed due to the lockdown situation (OR= 2.31, C.I=1.694-3.162, p=0.0001); individuals whose fear increased due to social media information (OR=1.55, C.I= 1.144-2.113, p=0.005) and participants whose food pattern increased during the lockdown period (OR=1.41, C.I=1.035-1.923, p=0.029). Conclusion: Nearly a third of the participants were in a state of psychological distress which transcended topographical barriers with factors such as being less than 40 years of age, accessing health information through social media, a pattern of food consumption being increased and being in the lockdown situation as predictors of psychological distress.
Psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic on Indian population: a review
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the lives of millions of people and led to a major health crisis across the globe. According to various surveys and observations, people who were suffering from pre-existing mental issues, neurological defects, psychological disorders, were the more prone to COVID-19 infection. Based on this scenario, people from upper classes to lower classes, from infants to senior citizens, big business persons to small entrepreneurs, government agents to private-sector employees; all kinds of people faced various challenges, which weakened their strength of living. These situations snatched the power of normal living life and negativity suppressed globally. Break down of the education system, devastating socio-economic conditions, helpless healthcare system for uncertainty etc. were reasons for extreme level imbalanced psychological issues. Inside the crematorium, the fume of the burning fire of dead loved ones made people distressed i...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: COVID-19, a highly infectious pandemic illness, has caused stress in everyone globally. It is a new situation, where no one is prepared to battle. With the currently available data, health care and the government makes guidelines and fights against this pandemic. The cooperation of the public is highly important to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19.Methods: A web based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 519 participants using convenience snowballing technique to assess the awareness, anxiety, and coping strategies regarding COVID-19 from 14 May 2020 to 24 May 2020. The validated online Google form questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, questionnaire related to awareness on COVID-19, anxiety related to COVID-19, and coping strategies. The analysis was done using both the descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The majority of them were graduates and postgraduates. And 78% of them reported that no COVID-19 positive cases were identified ...