Susceptibility to biofilm formation on 3D-printed titanium fixation plates used in the mandible: a preliminary study Susceptibility to biofilm formation on 3D-printed titanium fixation plates used in the mandible: a preliminary study (original) (raw)
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Applied Sciences
The topography of implant surfaces influences the interaction relationship between material and bacteria. The aim of this work was to characterize a novel 3D titanium surface, produced using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and to compare the bacterial interaction with machined and double acid etching (DAE) discs. The surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX). The wettability was measured using the sessile method. The microbiological investigation consisted in the cultivation of a bacterial pioneer, Streptococcus oralis, on titanium surfaces, previously covered by human saliva in order to form the acquired pellicle. Then, colony forming units (CFUs), biofilm biomass quantification, analyses of viable and dead cells, and SEM observation were determined after 24 h of S. oralis biofilm formation on the different discs. A significantly higher nano-roughness with respect to the other two ...
Archives of Oral Biology, 2016
The aim of this study was to examine in vivo the initial bacterial adhesion on titanium implants with different surface treatments. Design: Ten subjects wore oral splints containing machined pure titanium disks (Ti-M), acid-etched titanium (Ti-AE) and anodized and laser irradiated disks (Ti-AL) for 24 h. After this period, disks were removed from the splints and adherent bacteria were quantified by an enzymatic assay to assess total viable bacteria and by Real Time PCR to evaluate total bacteria and Streptococcus oralis levels. Additionally, the initial adherent microorganisms were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Titanium surface morphology was verified using SEM, and roughness was evaluated by profilometer analysis. Results: Regarding titanium surface roughness, Ti-AL (1.423 AE 0.397) showed significantly higher Ra values than did Ti-M (0.771 AE 0.182) and Ti-AE (0.735 AE 0.196) (p < 0.05, ANOVA-Tahame). Ti-AE and Ti-AL presented roughened micro-structure surfaces characterized by open pores, whereas Ti-M showed long grooves alternating with planed areas. Comparing the Ti-M, Ti-AE and Ti-AL groups for viable bacteria (MTT assay), total bacteria and S. oralis quantification (qPCR), no significant differences were observed among these three groups (p > 0.05, ANOVA-Tahame). SEM images showed similar bacterial adhesion on the three titanium surfaces, predominantly characterized by cocci and several bacilli, indicating an initial colonization of the oral biofilm. Conclusion: In conclusion, roughness and microtopography did not stimulate initial biofilm formation on titanium surfaces with different surface treatments.
Effects of various prophylactic procedures on titanium surfaces and biofilm formation
Journal of periodontal & implant science, 2018
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various prophylactic treatments of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm formation, correlating surface modifications with the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteria isolated from saliva. Methods: Pure titanium disks were treated with various prophylactic procedures, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the degree to which surface roughness was modified. To evaluate antibiofilm activity, we used P. aeruginosa PAO1, S. aureus, and saliva-isolated Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: AFM showed that the surface roughness increased after using the air-polishing device and ultrasonic scaler, while a significant reduction was observed after using a curette or polishing with Detartrine ZTM (DZ) abrasive paste. In addition, we only observed a significant (P<0.01) reduction in biofilm formation on the DZ-treated implant surfaces. Conclusion: In this study, both AFM and antibiofilm analyses indicated that using DZ abrasive paste could be considered as the prophylactic procedure of choice for managing peri-implant lesions and for therapy-resistant cases of periodontitis.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamic process of biofilm adhesion on titanium implant with two surface treatments, either pickled (PT) or moderately roughened by sandblasting with large grits and acid-etched (SLA). Materials and methods: Two types of titanium disks with various surface treatments, i.e. PT and SLA with respective surface roughness (S a ) of 0.3 μm and 1.4 μm, were used as substrata. Three types of biofilms, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and polymicrobial biofilms (Microcosm), were grown on the two respective types of titanium disks for 2 h, 1 day, and 7 days. The formation of the biofilms was quantified by colony forming unit (CFU) count, and the structure of the biofilms on the titanium disks was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: At 2 h, the number of bacterial cells adhered to SLA surfaces was significantly higher than those to PT surfaces for all tested microorganisms. On day 1 and 7, no differences in biofilm CFU counts were observed between SLA and PT surfaces for S. mutans and Microcosm biofilms, while the S. sanguinis biofilm formation on SLA surfaces was significantly higher than the biofilm on PT surfaces throughout the whole test period. SEM images showed the increasing biofilm formation in time for all types of biofilms. Microcosm biofilms displayed different morphology from the other two single-species biofilms. Conclusions: The higher roughness of a titanium surface would favor the early bacterial adhesion of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and Microcosm. However, as the biofilm became mature, the influence of surface roughness was diminished in a bacterial species dependent manner. Our results underline the importance of dynamic biofilm formation process in the implant study.
Laser microtextured titanium implant surfaces reduce in vitro and in situ oral biofilm formation
PloS one, 2018
Micro- or nano-topography can both provide antimicrobial properties and improve osseointegration of dental implant titanium surfaces. Laser treatment is one of the best surface microtexturing techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in situ biofilm formation on a laser-treated titanium surface, comparing it with two conventional surfaces, machined and grit-blasted. For the in vitro experiment, an oral microcosm biofilm model was developed on the surface of titanium disks and reference human enamel using a bioreactor for 48 h. For the in situ experiment, titanium implants with laser-treated, machined and grit-blasted surfaces were mounted on intraoral trays and worn by ten volunteers for 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantitatively evaluated, and surfaces were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Biofilm structures with a prevalence of viable cells covered most of the machined, gr...
The Bacterial Anti-Adhesive Activity of Double-Etched Titanium (DAE) as a Dental Implant Surface
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
This work aimed to compare the capability of Streptococcus oralis to adhere to a novel surface, double-etched titanium (DAE), in respect to machined and single-etched titanium. The secondary outcome was to establish which topographical features could affect the interaction between the implant surface and bacteria. The samples’ superficial features were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and the wetting properties were tested through sessile methods. The novel surface, the double-etched titanium (DAE), was also analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). S. oralis was inoculated on discs previously incubated in saliva, and then the colony-forming units (CFUs), biomass, and cellular viability were measured at 24 and 48h. SEM observation showed that DAE was characterized by higher porosity and Oxygen (%) in the superficial layer and the measurement of the wetting properties showed higher hydrophilicity. AFM confirmed ...
iScience, 2020
Titanium and its alloys have emerged as excellent candidates for use as orthopedic biomaterials. Nevertheless, there are often complications arising after implantation of orthopedic devices, most notably prosthetic joint infection and aseptic loosening. To ensure that implanted devices remain functional in situ, innovation in surface modification has attracted much attention in the effort to develop orthopedic materials with optimal characteristics at the biomaterial-tissue interface. This review will draw together metallurgy, surface engineering, biofilm microbiology, and biomaterial science. It will serve to appreciate why titanium and its alloys are frequently used orthopedic biomaterials and address some of the challenges facing these biomaterials currently, including the significant problem of device-associated infection. Finally, the authors shall consolidate and evaluate surface modification techniques employed to overcome some of these issues by offering a unique perspective as to the direction in which research is headed from a broad, interdisciplinary point of view.
Journal of Periodontology, 2010
Background: Little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial interaction with implant materials in the oral cavity. A correlation between plaque accumulation and progressive bone loss around implants has been reported. Bacterial adhesion shows a direct positive correlation with surface roughness. Other surface characteristics also seem to be extremely important with regard to plaque formation. Different adhesion affinities of bacteria have been reported for different materials. The aim of this study was to characterize the percentage of surface covered by bacteria on commercially pure titanium and zirconium oxide disks. Methods: Ten patients participated in this study. A removable acrylic device was adapted to the molar-premolar region, and commercially pure titanium (control) and zirconium oxide (test) disks were glued to the buccal aspect of each device. The surface roughness of titanium and test specimens was similar. After 24 hours, all disks were removed and processed for scanning electron microscopy, for the evaluation of the portion of surface covered by bacteria. Results: In control specimens, the area covered by bacteria was 19.3% ± 2.9; in test specimens, the area was 12.1% ± 1.96. The disk surface covered by bacteria on test specimens was significantly lower than that of control specimens (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that zirconium oxide may be a suitable material for manufacturing implant abutments with a low colonization potential.