Role of insect pollinators in pollination of seed spices-A review (original) (raw)
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Pollinator Management- A Realistic Way To Improve Yield of Vegetables and Spices
2021
www.justagriculture.in P ag e1 Abstract A copious amount of insects visits the diverse species of vegetables and spices during the entire flowering initiation to crop harvest stage for foraging. Ideal pollinators such as butterflies, birds, ants, bees play a vital role in pollination to enhance yield and provide a comprehensive benefit by improving crop quality. Agricultural intensification and shrinking pollination services cause misleading of International policies. A substantial dwindling in pollinator population leads to alternations in food, nesting habits, chemical poisoning, human activity, climate vagaries and smuggling is a condemning issue for crop production. Consequently, preservation and safeguarding of pollinators through the implementation of agro-environmental conventions to escalate plant resources and nest sites for bees are fundamental.
Psyche, 2014
In Indonesia, hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most important spices. Despite the fact that high yield cultivars and fertilizers have been applied to increase the annual production of this spice, local farming is always unable to maintain constant production. Studies to find the explanation of this problem mostly focused on pest attack while possibility of low fruit production due to lack of pollination was neglected. In this study, the effect of pollinator visitation to fruit set and quality was assessed by application of two local domesticated honey bees, Asiatic honey bees (Apis cerana) and stingless bees (Trigona laeviceps) as potential pollinator agents at hot pepper plantation. This study found that both bees had similar visitation rate while A. cerana spend less time in flowers. Visitation by A. cerana and Trigona laeviceps improved fruit set, fruit production per plant, average fruit weight, and fruit size. This result confirms the importance of cross pollination for hot pepper production and both species could be used as pollination agent for hot pepper. Advantages and disadvantages for each species as pollination agent for local Indonesia farm system are discussed in this paper.
Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2014
In Indonesia, hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the most important spices. Despite the fact that high yield cultivars and fertilizers have been applied to increase the annual production of this spice, local farming is always unable to maintain constant production. Studies to find the explanation of this problem mostly focused on pest attack while possibility of low fruit production due to lack of pollination was neglected. In this study, the effect of pollinator visitation to fruit set and quality was assessed by application of two local domesticated honey bees, Asiatic honey bees (Apis cerana) and stingless bees (Trigona laeviceps) as potential pollinator agents at hot pepper plantation. This study found that both bees had similar visitation rate while A. cerana spend less time in flowers. Visitation by A. cerana and Trigona laeviceps improved fruit set, fruit production per plant, average fruit weight, and fruit size. This result confirms the importance of cross pollination for hot pepper production and both species could be used as pollination agent for hot pepper. Advantages and disadvantages for each species as pollination agent for local Indonesia farm system are discussed in this paper.
Role of Honeybee (Apis mellifera) in Enhancing Yield of Mustard in Humid Region of Rajasthan, India
Mustard (Brassica spp.), family cruciferae are the major oilseed crop grow throughout India for edible oil. It is an open pollinated crop and honeybees are effective pollinators for open pollinated crops because of a lot of nectar and pollens are available on the flowers of mustard. The studies were conducted during rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 at ARS, Kota to enhance the yield of mustard through honey bee pollinator. Mustard variety “Bio-902” was grown following all recommended agronomic practices without spraying through the crop season. The colonies of honeybee (Apis mellifera) were placed in cage measuring 10X10 sq. meters before the initiation of flowering. The present study contained three pollination treatments viz., Plants caged Pollinator Exclusion (PE), Plants caged with bee hive (BP) and Plants kept open to all pollinators (OP). The comparative data pertaining to modes of pollination in mustard crop revealed that highest values of mean no. of siliqua/plant (186.44), no. of seeds/ siliqua (13.82) and seed yield (20.54 q/ha) were obtained from OP followed by BP and it was recorded lowest in PE. The introduction of honeybees in agricultural crops plays a vital role in pollination which in turn resulted in higher production of seed yield as well as honey production.
Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 2020
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important annual spice and medicinal herb plants. It is an open-pollinated crop and honeybees are effective pollinators for open-pollinated crops because a lot of nectar and pollens are available on the flowers of Coriandrum sativum. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of honeybee pollination on Coriandrum sativum seed yield and yield-related parameters at Sinana Agricultural Research Center at on-station. The study had three experiments; these included plots caged with honeybees (T1), plots caged without honeybees (T2) and open-pollinated plots (T3). All collected data were analyses using one-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the Date of blooming, Date of flowering, or Primary and secondary branches among the three treatments. Whereas there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the Flowering period, shading time, Number of capsules, and Thousand kernel. weight and total seed yield per hector. The result also revealed that about 29.70% of seed yield advantage of Coriandrum sativum pollinated by honeybees over control/un-pollinated by any insect. From this result, it was concluded that visits of honeybees at the flowering time of Coriandrum sativum have been very helpful in increasing seed yield and yield-related components of this crop.
2017
The focus of agriculture in India is slowly shifting from value horticultural crops farming such as fruits and vegetables. The change of subsistence systems to commercial cultivation of horticultural crops possesses new challenges for improving crop productivity and quality. Amongst sev attributing to low productivity, inadequate pollination is the most important. Pollination is a simple process involving transfer of pollen from anthers to the stigma of the same or different flower. Horticultural crops require adequate pollin better fruit production. Most of the horticultural crops are cross pollinated and they need agent (honey bee) which could transfer pollen grain from one flower to another. Cross pollination of entomophilous crops by honeybees is considered as one effective and cheapest method for triggering the crop yield both qualitatively and quantitatively. It has been reported that there are more than 25000 described species of bees in the world and account for 65% pollination of various flowering crops Primarily two honey bee species viz successfully domesticated and practices for their management for pollination of crops have been standardized for many crops. Honey bee colony in the orchard must be ensured for better production. Introduction India is second largest producer of fruit (88.9 mt) and vegetable (162.89 mt) in the world followed by China. Most of the horticultural crops are cross pollinated. Cross-pollination helps at least 30 percent of the world's crops and 90 percent of our wild plants to thrive. It is estimated that about one third of all plants or plant products eaten by humans are directly or indirectly dependent on bee pollination. In India 50 million hectares of land is under bee dependent of bees as pollinators has been known for many years, but unfortunately, this knowledge is not widely appreciated and understood. In most of the crops, flowers have short life to perform pollination. If such a crop is not pollinated during that time, the flowers will fall and no seeds, berries or fruit will develop. There have to be sufficient numbers of bees in the field to , 2017 Lal et al., 2017 www.innovativefarming.in
An On farm trial was conducted at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Vaishali, Bihar to study the impact of planned honeybee pollination on the seed production and quality of Cauliflower seeds as well as pollination behavior of Apis mellifera. More number of bees were found visiting the crop under net house condition (6.05 , 5.35, 5.05 bees/plant at all the three locations of traditionally seed producing Hariharpur, Rajapakar and Chakwaravillages of Vaishali district.Bees in the open conditions were found to spend less time on flower as compared to the net house conditions. Honeybees played an important role in enhancing the seed production of cauliflower at all location under study. Planned honeybee pollination was found to result maximum impact on the seed production seeds/pod in the range of 15.50-19.10 seeds/pod in net pollination as compared to 13.60-17.20 seeds/pod in open condition. Similarly, average 1000 seed wt. in net pollinated condition was 3.30-4.19 gm whereas 3.00-3.97 gm in open field condition, and the yield in net condition was in range 534-637 kg/ha with additional income of 14 to 17 lakh rupees per hectare. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is the basis of the livelihood of over 80 percent of the rural population in Bihar (). However, most of the farmers are marginal or small land-holding families, cultivating less than one hectare of land. The small and marginal farmers of Bihar are increasingly taking up vegetable cultivation to improve their income (). In Vaishali district of Bihar the vegetable based farming system among different category of farmers is most prevalent (). The farmers here traditionally produce seeds of local variety of early cauliflower Brassica oleracea under open field situation.Low seed yield and quality due to inadequate pollination is major problem of cauliflower seed producing farmers. Inadequate pollination in crops is due to several factors and the most important of which includes lack of adequate number and diversity of pollinators. All possible ways of increasing the sustainable productivity and carrying capacity of the farming systems in order to improve the livelihoods of marginal households should be explored (). Amongst several factors attributing to increase productivity, the most important of which include the number of bee pollinators. Research has shown that pollination by honey bees increases fruit set, enhances fruit quality and reduces fruit drop in apple (), peach, plum, citrus, kiwi and strawberry (). Bee pollination does not only increase the fruit set but also reduced fruit drop in apple, peach, plum and citrus (). The experiment conducted AICP on Honeybee
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Pollination is an important step in the seeds production of all spermatophytes (seed plants), resulting in the production of offspring that are genetically diverse (Dafni et al., 2005). The well-established association between insects and flowers make them one of the major groups of pollinating agents. Of the total pollination activities, over 80% is performed by insects and among them bees are considered as the best pollinators (Robinson and Morse, 1989). It is reported that one third of the total human food supply relies on insect pollination (Jivan, 2013; Said et al., 2015). The major pollinating insects of different crops mainly belong to the orders