LTCC Spiral Inductor Synthesis and Optimization With Measurement Verification (original) (raw)
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Design, Optimization of RF Spiral Inductors Using Scalable Compact and Accurate Models
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2003
This paper presents a practical and structured approach to the design and optimization of RF spiral inductors. The accuracy of proposed modified accurate distributed and scalable compact lumped models are quantitatively compared with experimental results. Based on the new scalable compact lumped model, a quality factor optimization engine is verified. The inductors under study include single/double layer inductors, metallization shunted as well as octagonal shaped inductors. Experimental results suggest that the new modified accurate distributed model is more accurate than existing models for predicting spiral inductor performance to even beyond resonance frequencies. In addition, using a self developed optimization engine, the new scalable compact model is sufficiently accurate in determining the optimum inductor geometry. Consequently, a web-based program (SISOP) is developed to provide RF designers total solution to spiral inductor design, optimization and integration of spiral inductor model into their lump circuit simulators.
Automatic generation of RF integrated inductors analytical characterization
2010 11th International Workshop on Symbolic and Numerical Methods, Modeling and Applications to Circuit Design, SM2ACD 2010, 2010
This paper addresses the automatic generation of RF integrated inductors model. In this work the double π-model is used as a way of characterizing the inductor behaviour over a frequency range beyond the self-resonant value. For the evaluation of the model element values analytical expressions based on technology parameters as well as on the device geometric characteristics are used. The use of a technologybased methodology for the evaluation of the model parameters grants the adaptability of the models generated to any technology. The inductor analytical characterization is integrated into an optimization-based tool for the automatic design of RF integrated inductors. This tool uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization procedure, where user defined constraints on the design parameters are taken into account. Due to the design constraints nature and topology constraints, discrete variables optimization techniques are used.
The rising development of the microelectronic integrated circuits and technologies requires effective and flexible tools for modeling and simulation. Modeling of the planar inductors is a key problem in microelectronic design and requires precise implementation of the corresponding models for simulation and optimization. The application of a generalpurpose matrix based software like MATLAB and the proper model implementation for such software is of great importance in the RF designer's everyday work. The on-chip planar inductor is a very important constructive component of the contemporary CMOS microelectronics. In the CMOS SoC RFs the use of the planar inductors in designs like VCOs, mixers, RF amplifiers, impedance-matching circuits is widespread. Many papers, devoted on the on-chip spiral inductors analysis, model parameter extraction and optimization were published in the recent years. The MATLAB environment can be successfully used in the circuit analysis. The implemented symbolic representation of the equations is of a significant importance for the description and simulation of multiparameter models in microelectronics. Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization tools are already implemented in leading generalpurpose system analysing software like MATLAB. This gives the users another opportunity for solving various design optimization problems. The GA is a stochastic global search method, which is based on a mechanism resemble the natural biological evolution mechanism. GA operates on a population of solutions and the fitness of the solutions is determined from the objective function of some specific problem. Only the best fitted solutions remain in the population after a number of predefined cycles. In microelectronic technologies and in the microelectronic design the problems are often presented as mathematical functions of multiple variables. The optimization of the values of these variables is in some cases a complex problem, especially when the amount of the variables is huge. The big advantage of GA is that these algorithms do not require derivative information or other knowledge. Only the objective function and the corresponding fitness levels influence the direction of search. This makes the GA an useful tool for parameter optimization in microelectronics and especially for geometric optimization of microelectronic components, when the parameters of the technology are known. 14 www.intechopen.com
Analysis, Model Parameter Extraction and Optimization of Planar Inductors Using MATLAB
2010
The rising development of the microelectronic integrated circuits and technologies requires effective and flexible tools for modeling and simulation. Modeling of the planar inductors is a key problem in microelectronic design and requires precise implementation of the corresponding models for simulation and optimization. The application of a generalpurpose matrix based software like MATLAB and the proper model implementation for such software is of great importance in the RF designer’s everyday work. The on-chip planar inductor is a very important constructive component of the contemporary CMOS microelectronics. In the CMOS SoC RFs the use of the planar inductors in designs like VCOs, mixers, RF amplifiers, impedance-matching circuits is widespread. Many papers, devoted on the on-chip spiral inductors analysis, model parameter extraction and optimization were published in the recent years. The MATLAB environment can be successfully used in the circuit analysis. The implemented symbo...
Single-Objective Optimization Methodology for the Design of RF Integrated Inductors
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014
Designing integrated inductors for RF applications is quite a challenging task due to the necessity of minimizing the parasitic effects arising from using today's technologies. The multiplicity of non-ideal effects to be minimized makes imperious the use of optimization-based design methodologies. In this paper a model-based optimization methodology is considered as a way of offering the designer the possibility to obtain inductors with maximum quality factor. The inductor model accounts for square, hexagonal or octagonal topologies. Furthermore tapered inductors are also accounted for in the proposed model. The use of the inductor model reduces the optimization time significantly. The validity of the results obtained is checked against electromagnetic (EM) simulations. As an application example, the particular case for the design of inductors for 2.4 GHz is illustrated.
A methodology for design and modeling of optimum quality spiral inductors
2008 IEEE Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systms - Digest of Papers, SiRF, 2008
This paper presents a methodology, based on the regularization theory, to find, in the whole geometric parameter space, the planar spiral inductors with optimum quality factor. A new technique, based on Debye fitting approximation, has been applied to extract a passive equivalent circuit model of these inductors. This model provides an accurate wideband frequency characterization up to 16 GHz.
Performance study of fixed value inductors and their optimization using electromagnetic simulator
Microwave and Optical Technology …, 2008
In this article, we present an extensive analysis of the dependence of quality factor, peak frequency, self resonance frequency, and area of a spiral inductor on its layout parameters, while keeping the inductance value constant as opposed to various studies reported. This performance trend study establishes the optimum metal width and number of turns for a specified inductance value and desired operating frequency. We propose here an algorithm for accurate design and optimization of spiral inductors using a 3D electromagnetic simulator with minimum number of inductor structure simulations, and thereby reducing its long computation time.
Extraction of Parameters of Planar Spiral Inductors Using Genetic Algorithms
2007
The fast growth in the microelectronic industry and especially in RF applications needs reliable and predictable hardware. The precise RF model design is an important step in the way of constructing such hardware. The models can be well optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in various applications – parameter optimization, parameter extraction, circuit synthesis. A general approach for parameter extraction of the model parameters of spiral inductors is presented and compared with the results, obtained via similar methods [1,2,3,4]. The presented extraction approach is applicable and with good accuracy. It is based on computer models, developed using the possibilities of MATLAB and GA toolbox [5]. GA programs are designed using the MATLAB GA toolbox for parameter extraction of the model parameters of spiral inductors. A verification of the obtained results for the extracted model parameters is performed by comparison of the simulation results obtained using PSpice of the correspond...
DESIGN OF SPIRAL INDUCTORS USING EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMISATION
Simplex and evolutionary optimisation methods are used to determine the optimum topology and geometric parameters of inductors, in order to satisfy electrical design requirements (quality factor, resonance frequency and inductance). The technique simplifies considerably the design of integrated spiral inductors on silicon. Various topologies are considered using an accurate, lumped-element equivalent model, which is sufficiently simple to allow simulations of several hundred iterations to be performed rapidly. The algorithm is highly successful in determining the optimal design parameters, by avoiding convergence to local minima and without requiring good initial estimates. The accuracy of the method is validated both against measured data and results from electromagnetic simulations.
Design of spiral inductors using evolutionary optimization
2005
Simplex and evolutionary optimisation methods are used to determine the optimum topology and geometric parameters of inductors, in order to satisfy electrical design requirements (quality factor, resonance frequency and inductance). The technique simplifies considerably the design of integrated spiral inductors on silicon. Various topologies are considered using an accurate, lumped-element equivalent model, which is sufficiently simple to allow simulations of several hundred iterations to be performed rapidly. The algorithm is highly successful in determining the optimal design parameters, by avoiding convergence to local minima and without requiring good initial estimates. The accuracy of the method is validated both against measured data and results from electromagnetic simulations.