Effect of Molecular Weight on Electro Spun Pcl Based Composite Fibrous Mats (original) (raw)
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Electrospun biodegradable nanofibrous mats for tissue engineering
…, 2008
Aims & method: In this study, a microbial polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and its blends were electrospun into PHBV (10% w/v), PHBV (15% w/v), PHBV-PLLA (5% w/v), PHBV-PLGA (50:50) (15% w/v) and PHBV-P(L,DL)LA (5% w/v) fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Results: Various processing parameters affected the morphology and the dimensions of beads formed on the fibers. Concentration was highly influential on fiber properties; as it increased from 5 to 15% (w/v), fiber diameter increased from 284 ± 133 nm to 2200 ± 716 nm. Increase in potential (from 20 to 50 kV) did not lead to the expected decrease in fiber diameter. The blends of PHBV with lactide-based polymers led to fibers with less beads and more uniform diameter. The surface porosities for PHBV10, PHBV15, PHBV-PLLA, PHBV-PLGA (50:50) and PHBV-P(L,DL)LA were 38.0 ± 3.8, 40.1 ± 8.5, 53.8 ± 4.2, 50.0 ± 4.2 and 30.8 ± 2.7%, respectively. In vitro studies using human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) revealed that the electrospun scaffolds promoted cell growth and penetration. Surface modification with oxygen plasma treatment slightly improved the improved the results in terms of cell number increase and significantly improved spreading of the cells. Conclusion: All scaffolds prepared by electrospinning have implied significant potential for use in further studies leading to bone tissue engineering applications. The PHBV-PLLA blend appeared to yield the best results regarding cell number increase, their attachment and spreading inside and on the scaffold.
Electrospinning is useful for fabricating nanofibrous structure with different composition and morphologies. It offers great advantages through its geometrical structure and biomimetic property, which can provide a suitable environmental site for cell growth. The fiber diameter is entangled by the concentration of PCL with some adjustment of parameters during electrospinning process. PCL with lower concentration had bead structure while higher concentration had smooth fiber. The incorporation of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite (nHA) into poly( -caprolactone) fiber was studied. The fiber diameter of PCL was increased with the addition of nHA. Composition of fiber at lower concentrations of PCL and nHA into the polymer produced fiber with a homogenous distribution of nHA in PCL fiber with less agglomeration. The immersion of PCL/nHA fiber in simulated body fluid (SBF) had bonelike apatite layer on its surface while PCL showed no results. PCL/nHA showed high water uptake and had improved wettability compared to PCL alone, suggesting that PCL/nHA fibers were more hydrophilic than PCL fiber.
In vitro evaluation of electrospun PCL/nanoclay composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2012
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a widely accepted synthetic biodegradable polymer for tissue engineering, however its use in hard tissue engineering is limited because of its inadequate mechanical strength and low bioactivity. In this study, we used halloysite nanoclay (NC) as an inorganic filler material to prepare PCL/NC fibrous scaffolds via electrospinning technique after intercalating NC within PCL by solution intercalation method. The obtained nanofibrous mat was found to be mechanically superior to PCL fibrous scaffolds. These scaffolds allowed greater protein adsorption and enhanced mineralization when incubated in simulated body fluid. Moreover, our results indicated that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on these scaffolds were viable and could proliferate faster than in PCL scaffolds as confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic observations. Further, osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on nanoclay embedded scaffolds was demonstrated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity when compared to PCL scaffold without nanoclay. All of these results suggest the potential of PCL/NC scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Applied Sciences
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the most used synthetic polymers for medical applications due to its biocompatibility and slow biodegradation character. Combining the inherent properties of the PCL matrix with the characteristic of nanofibrous particles, result into promising materials that can be suitable for different applications, including the biomedical applications. The advantages of nanofibrous structures include large surface area, a small diameter of pores and a high porosity, which make them of great interest in different applications. Electrospinning, as technique, has been heavily used for the preparation of nano- and micro-sized fibers. This review discusses the different methods for the electrospinning of PCL and its composites for advanced applications. Furthermore, the steady state conditions as well as the effect of the electrospinning parameters on the resultant morphology of the electrospun fiber are also reported.
Biomedical applications of electrospun polycaprolactone fiber mats
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester emerging into biomedical applications because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, chemical stability, thermal stability and good mechanical properties. Electrospinning is a versatile method using electrostatic forces for fabricating continuous ultrafine fibers that offer various advantages such as high surface area and high porosity. Thus, this method has gained interest for use in many fields, especially biomedical fields. This review focuses on researches and studies in electrospinning, PCL, electrospinning of PCL and also biomedical applications of the electrospun PCL fiber mats.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of electrospun PCL/PMMA fibrous scaffolds for bone regeneration
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2013
Scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL) blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in ratios of 10/0, 7/3, 5/5 and 3/7. The PCL/PMMA ratio affected the fiber diameter, contact angle, tensile strength and biological in vitro and in vivo properties of the scaffolds, and the 7/3 ratio resulted in a higher mechanical strength than 5/5 and 3/7. In vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast cells on these blended scaffolds were examined by MTT assay, and it was found that PCL/PMMA blends are suitable for osteoblast cell proliferation. Confocal images and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen confirmed the good proliferation and expression of cells on the 7/3 PCL/PMMA fibrous scaffolds. In vivo bone formation was examined using rat models, and bone formation was observed on the 7/3 PCL/PMMA scaffold within 2 months. In vitro and in vivo results suggest that 7/3 PCL/PMMA scaffolds can be used for bone tissue regeneration.
Journal of Materials Science, 2015
Bone is a nanocomposite comprised of two main components, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and Type I collagen. The aim of this study is to mimic the nanotopography of collagen fibrils in bone tissue and to modulate their cellular functions by nanoscale stimulation. Threedimensional structures consisting of electrospun poly(ecaprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/nHA composite nanofibers decorated by periodically spaced PCL crystal lamellae (shish-kebab structure) were created. It was found that the hierarchically decorated nanostructure not only enhanced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds but also changed the surface wettability behavior of the scaffolds. The enhanced surface wettability facilitated biomimetic mineralization through apatite deposition when exposed to simulated body fluids (SBF). MG-63, an osteosarcoma cell line which behaves similarly to osteoblasts, was used to study the cellular response to the scaffolds. Data suggest kebab crystal nanotopography facilitating cell attachment and proliferation. Functional assays, which quantify alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium expression, revealed increased ALP activity and increased calcium expression on decorated nanofibers. In addition, compared with other scaffolds, the cells on PCL/nHA nanofibrous shish-kebabstructured scaffolds showed obvious extended pseudopodia of the filaments in the cytoskeleton study, demonstrating better interactions between cells and scaffolds.
Jurnal Kejuruteraan
The interest in biodegradable polymer nanofibres with tissue cell regeneration potential has increased in recent years. However, there are issues in the development of scaffolding to provide a favourable environment for cell proliferation and attachment. Such issues can be overcome by the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is widely used in biomaterial applications. Biodegradable nanofibres of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been produced by electrospinning. In this study, PCL was mixed with HA to synthesise nanofibres by single nozzle electrospinning. Furthermore, PCL-HA nanofibres were mixed with fibronectin to investigate the effect of adhesion of fibronectin to the surface of the PCL-HA nanofibres. The structure and morphology of nanofibres were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical properties of nanofibres were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the diameter and adhesive force of nanofibers and fibronectin were de...
Electrospun polymer scaffolds modified with drugs for tissue engineering
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 2017
The purpose of this paper was to fabricate nanofibrous scaffolds containing ossein-hydroxyapatite complex (osteogenon) to mimic the native bone extracellular matrix. Polylactide (PLDL) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used to prepare scaffolds using electrospinning. Unfortunately, both of these biodegradable polymers have poor cell recognition sites leading to poor cell affinity and adhesion, therefore, based on our previous experience, osteogenon-drug was used at the stage of fibers forming by electrospinning. We have compare the physicochemical parameters and mechanical properties of PLDL/osteo and PCL/osteo scaffolds as well as an osteogenon-drug influence on the microstructure of electrospun materials produced for potential application in bone tissue engineering. We have investigated the effect of the microstructure and the chemical composition of electrospun materials on adhesion, proliferation and morphology as well as on the process of differentiation of bone cells. The use of...