"Tensile Testing of Ductile Metals" (original) (raw)
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Title: Tensile Testing of Metals
Objective: To determine the tensile strength of metals Introduction: Tensile testing is one of the most fundamental tests for engineering, and provides valuable information about a material and its associated properties. These properties can be used for design and analysis of engineering structures, and for developing new materials that better suit a specified use.
بحث منشور IJCIET_09_11_228EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION TENSILE.pdf
Tensile properties of rod metal of AA5182 aluminum alloy are affected by the speed of pull or strain rate. The effect of speed of pull (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mm./min) corresponding to strain rates ( 0.00833, 0.0249, 0.0333 and 0.0583)S -1 was investigated using uniaxial tensile tests. The analysis of the experimental results revealed that the ultimate tensile strength (US), n, E and G were not significantly affected by increasing the speed of pull or strain rates. While the yield stress (YS) and hardening coefficient (k) were significantly affected and the maximum value of (YS) occurred at 1.5 mm/min (0.02495S -1 ). The increase percentage in (YS) was recorded to be 37% compared to the lowest value of (YS). The ductility was found to reduce at 1.5 mm/min (0.02495 S -1 ). The highest reduction value wasobtained to be 10.1% showing 18.8% reduction in ductility.
Bogazici University Materials Science Course - Tensile Test Lab Report
The application of tensile load in increments until the failure of the material was the main purpose of this test. Change in the material's length was recorded after every increment. The data until the failure was recorded and used to find the material's yielding strength, ductility, tensile strength, toughness, true tensile strength, fracture strength, true fracture strength, modulus of elasticity and estimate its toughness. Then, an engineering stress-strain graph was plotted. Finally the conversion formulas were used to come up with the true stress-strain curve. The material's mechanic features were also compared with the theoretical results. The physical properties were in the expected interval.
Tensile Test: Comparison Experimental, Analytical and Numerical Methods
—The objective of this work is to study and analyze the stress-strain curves obtainedthrough the experimental tensile test and the comparison of thedata obtainedwith the analytical and numerical methods. For the development of the analytical method, we proposed equations for the stress-strain curve of the material, using MS-EXCEL 2016. For the numerical method, a modeling of the test specimen was elaborated using the ANSYS Workbench® version 16 software. The steel selected for the studies was ABNT 1020.
Behaviour of Stress Strain Relationship of Few Metals
Journal of Intelligent Mechanics and Automation
The aim of this study is to examine the uniaxial tensile strength of three specimens of mild steel, brass and aluminium is examined. Tension tests enable the determination and prediction of the deformation/deflection response of the material properties and elastic modulus. The values of Young’s Modulus for Elasticity (E) for mild steel, brass, and aluminium have been successfully determined from laboratory experiments. Also, the stress and strain of the materials were graphically shown to have good correlations between theory and experimental values and compositions. The results further show that steel is more suitable for structural application than brass and aluminium respectively, because of their high E Modulus rating. It therefore implies that steel can withstand more tension. The result obtained from the study such as tensile strength, yield strength etc. have been recorded. Also, the related theory has been indicated.
Compressive Testing of Ductile High-Strength Alloys
Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2015
Compression testing of metal alloys is a basic procedure in material characterization and analysis. Though it follows many of the guidelines and physical considerations as tensile testing, in some respects compression testing implies more complexity, more difficulties, and, consequently, more possible causes for inaccuracy compared to tensile testing. Hence, compressive testing is applied much less than the standard tensile tests, unless the load case is requiring specific test data from compression, e.g., when brittle or cast alloys are applied. Ductile metals compressed to high strains require further consideration when the yield strength in compression, the compressive strength, or even the full flow curve for plasticity must be identified. A sophisticated test procedure for compression testing of ductile metals in the plasticity range has been developed and is presented. It allows the determination of elastic modulus, yield strength, and flow curve up to high strains. The procedure was evaluated with comparative tensile tests on identical specimens and with a round-robin test with a testing-machine manufacturer. Further considerations for compression testing and for the strain measurement are presented.
Effects of specimen geometry on tensile ductility, The
2019
The effects of specimen geometry on tensile ductility, with specific focus on methods to correlate total elongation values between different sheet type specimen geometries, were evaluated for five sheet steel alloys using six different geometries. Alloys included DQSK (drawing quality special killed), TRIP590, DP980, QP1180, and M1500. All materials were 1.4 mm thick and uncoated. Specimen geometries had gage lengths ranging from 10 to 80 mm and gage widths from 2.4 to 25 mm. All specimens were tested in room temperature air using a constant crosshead velocity determined for each specimen geometry to produce an engineering strain rate of 0.001 s-1. Strain data were gathered using digital image correlation (DIC). Ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) and total elongations (TE) for the alloys evaluated with ASTM E8 standard tensile specimens ranged from 332 to 1617 MPa and 5.6 to 44.7 pct, respectively. Engineering stress-strain curves showed that smaller sample geometries resulted in greater total elongations. Tensile deformation behavior for a given alloy was independent of specimen geometry up to the point of tensile instability. Beyond instability, curves for a specific alloy diverged, indicating that variations in total elongation with specimen geometry were primarily influenced by post-uniform strains. Total plastic elongations (TPE), defined as TE less elastic strains, were used to evaluate the original Oliver equation upon which the correlation method outlined by ISO 2566/1 is based. Fit quality in terms of coefficient of determination (R 2) ranged from 0.84 to 0.99 for the alloys studied, indicating that reasonable correlation results were possible despite the fact that all alloys except DQSK were outside the recommended applicability of ISO 2566/1 based on strength and/or condition. The average correlation exponent a for the geometries and alloys studied was 0.4, equivalent to the general value a = 0.4 recommended by ISO 2566/1. However, best fits of TPE data for alloys DQSK and M1500 were obtained with a-values iii of 0.16 and 0.75, respectively, indicating that correlations can be optimized by evaluating a with respect to specific alloys. Fractured tensile samples were systematically catalogued to determine the effect of necking mode on total elongation. Results showed that the appearance of a localized neck, characterized in sheet type specimens by plane-strain localization along a defined angle relative to the tensile axis followed by fracture along the neck, resulted in lower total elongations compared to specimens on which the initial diffuse neck was not followed by formation of a localized neck. Localized necking generally occurred on specimens with larger gage widths, but also occurred on specimens with smaller gage widths as material strength increased. Analyses of incremental strain rate data confirmed that total elongation generally increased as strains within the neck became less localized. Necking strains were less localized as specimen gage width decreased. Analyses of DIC strain profiles showed that neck lengths along the tensile axis were independent of specimen geometry. The absence of neck length dependency, combined with the dependence of necking mode on gage width and the subsequent influence of necking mode on total elongation, indicate that total elongation for sheet type tensile specimens is more sensitive to gage width than gage length for the range of geometries considered.
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Variation of mechanical properties of austempered ductile
2012
Austempererd ductile iron is the most recent development in the area of ductile iron. This is formed by an isothermal heat treatment of the ductile iron. The newly developed austempered ductile iron is now replacing steel in many fields so it has becoming very important to various aspects of this material. In the present work the effect of copper along with the process variables (austempering temperature and austempering time) on the properties (Tensile strength and Elongation) and microstructure of ductile iron was studied. With increasing austempering time tensile strength and elongation were increasing but with increasing austempering temperature tensile strength was decreasing and elongation was increasing. Austempered ductile iron with copper was showing some higher strength and lower elongation than the austempered ductile iron without copper. In microstructure ferrite was increasing with increasing austempering time and austenite was increasing with increasing austempering temperature in both the grades.