WATER AS A DRIVING FORCE OF NATURE AND POWER (HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS [HEPPs] AND THE DILEMMA OF DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGY FROM AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE) (original) (raw)
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This paper aim to analyze conflict in Solaklı village due to construction of hydroelectricty plant. The main purpose is to answer why villagers in Solaklı against hydroelectricty plant in their valley. In this paper, while understanding main reasons, current situation of conflict and possible effects of the hydroelectric plant on villagers life and nature in Solaklı , besides this paper tells Turkey Government policies of energy supply, specifically on hydroelectricty energy. Case study method will be applied and there will be face to face interviews with villagers who are knowledgeable about the situation.The purpose of interviews is to understand level of conflict and reasons of conflict and finally find some possible future effects on villagers in terms of socioeconomic analysis.
The growing social challenges of hydroelectric development
Hydroelectricity was, for many years, one of the main ways to meet the new electricity needs of Latin American countries. This is evidenced by the presence of some of the larger plants worldwide and the high hydroelectric participation in all electricity matrices (Figure 1). Faced with growing prospects for future economic development, an underlying concern is how to respond to the important and growing demands for electricity. In several countries, governments and electric companies have opted to continue with the construction of hydropower plants, especially large-scale ones, as the main means of meeting this challenge. However, major projects formulated in recent years have been put in check by various difficulties, some even stopped. Despite the different political, regulatory, and economic conditions that exist in Latin America, there are common elements in the difficulties faced by these projects. While in the past, large-scale hydroelectricity was the successful response to higher electricity consumption, societies have changed, and this technology faces new cultural, social, and political conditions.
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The article investigates nature–culture interrelation over the case studies of hydroelectric plants of the 20th century. In many cases, construction of these structures has evidently resulted in irreversible changes in natural and cultural environments. However, they have also supplied energy for the industrialization of civilizations. After approximately 100 years of existence, it is crucial to determine the future of these hydroelectric facilities, which are artifacts of industrial heritage approaching the end of their productive life spans. The article proposes an analytical approach aiming to sustain the integrity of nature and culture in the conservation of hydroelectric plants, presenting these energy facilities as cultural properties of industrial heritage, and discussing the impact of hydroelectric dams on natural and cultural environments, along with the effects of nature in the deterioration of these structures in order to pave the way to an optimized and sustainable futur...
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Background: - Lakhwar-Vyasi Project, a significant project initiated in 1992 and finally completed in 2022; witnessed the rights violation and impacted the livelihoods of Lohari village when they were vacated without resettlement. This study analysis the interconnectedness between mainstreaming and commercialization on one hand and the necessity of preserving indigenous group for sustainable environment.Methods: - The data pool comprised 156 publications from the years 1979 to 2022, spread across eight different document categories. This study is also based on a historical and descriptive analysis of the literature on ethnicity and indigenous populations, while also undertaking a scientific investigation into the empirical research on source material regarding the construction of hydroelectric power plants.Results: - The need to determine how many dams will displace indigenous communities in the near future and how much this will affect India's ecological balance has become urge...
Teoria e Sociedade, 2006
Development projects conceived within policies of economic growth concentrate "environmental space". The homogenization they promote in space reflects a monocultural state of mind that threats a diversity of non-industrialized modes of living and uses of resources. It generates an unequal ecological distribution. This is the case of hydroelectric dams that flood protected areas and impose a compulsory displacement of riverside dwellers (family agriculture, indigenous and ex-slaves communities etc.). From the research experience in Minas Gerais, this article analyses the environmental licensing process related to construction of dams as a field of conflicts around the social appropiation of nature. In the struggle to define the users and meanings of territories, there are, on the one hand, the rural communities affected by such projects and, on the other hand, the Electric Sector. These actors represent two different rationalities in dipute: for local people, the land represents family and community heritage which are kept by collective memory and rules of using and sharing the resources. From a market perspective, the Electric Sector understands the territory as propoerty, therefore as a commodity. In such a field os struggles, where different positions sustain unequal forces, uneven and unsustainable social and environmental policies are perpetuated.
Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2013
Electricity is one of the key determinants for economic growth of a nation. Over the past decade or so, hydropower projects (HEP) around the world have attracted much attention concerning the environmental and social impacts that have arisen from such developments. Construction and operations of dams have always been associated with changes in the physical and biological environment. No doubt electricity generation is the need of the hours for development, but the large projects do involve the submersion of forests and the displacement of people. Socioeconomic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental transformations are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. The interests of local must be listened to and taken care of during the planning and the policy makers must adopt a model or strategies so that the impacts and effects of such type developmental activities can be minimized and local people who are living in the vicinity as well as who have sacrificed their belongings. To maximize the positive impacts and mitigate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts sustainability of water resources projects is required. This paper refers the perception of the public with regards to the impact of the Sorang HEP and other development activities and need for sustainable development to maintain balance with the environment of hilly and fragile area.
Discourse on Dams and Development: Is Hydropower a Clean Energy
There are myths surrounding hydropower dams as environment-friendly, clean, cheap and greenhouse gas free. As a result, there has been massive construction of hydropower dams worldwide (around 45,000) , the notably among them is the Three Gorges Dam over the Yangtze river in China with a capacity to generate 22,500 MW of electricity (twice the total energy generated in UK). On the hind side, the adverse effects of dams are always overshadowed. Hydropower needs a regular supply of water from a permanent reservoir created by inundating an area. Such an inundation causes involuntary displacement of people with poor or no compensation, no resettlement and mostly with no measures for livelihood reconstruction. This human element continued to remain absent in energy development discourse. Moreover, the trade-offs, the cost-benefit analysis of hydropower projects never done properly and mostly exaggerated. The socio-environmental costs always exceeded the cost of generating electricity. Due to poor output from hydro projects and mounting socio-environmental costs, around 450 old dams in the US have been decommissioned so far. Around the world, some 5,000 large dams are now more than 50 years old, and many more reaching their half century is increasing. They are to be decommissioned and the cost of removal of dams sometimes exceeds the cost of construction because of difficult silt management and augmentation of the river. The paper unearthed the myths surrounding the hydropower as environment-friendly, cheap, clean and greenhouse free. It made an effort to prove that hydroelectricity emits greenhouse gases, runs the risk of failure in case of earthquakes and flooding and very expensive when the socio-environmental costs are accounted for.
HYDRO POWER PROJECTS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, , 2023
The concept of living in harmony with nature is as old as humankind. However, a modern conception emerged in the term 'sustainable development' with the rise of green movements in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Sustainable development can be defined as an approach to the economic development of a country without compromising with the quality of the environment for future generations. This definition captured the spirit of the times whereby government, business, and civil society have strived to make development sustainable. Hydropower accounts for 16% of all global electricity production and it is one of the world's most widely used renewable, low-carbon energy resources. It plays an important role in enabling communities around the world to meet their power and water needs. In some regions the pace of hydropower growth has been rapid but with little guidance to ensure development is sustainable. However, some of the most promising and influential initiatives to improve development, such as the Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol, have been driven by the hydropower sector itself. This paper addresses the progress that hydropower has made in the context of sustainable development over the past 15 years. The concept of sustainable development does imply limits, not absolute limits but limitations imposed by the present state of technology and social organizations on environmental resources and by the ability of the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities. But technology and social organization can both be managed and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth.
Socio-‐economic impact of hydropower projects in dzongu region of North Sikkim
The increasing global demand for energy combined with the ongoing quest for clean, renewable energy has been a topic of perceived interest among countries of developed and developing world. Construction and operations of dams have always been associated with changes in the physical, biological and social environment. No doubt electricity generation is the need of the hours for development, but the large projects do involve the submersion of large track of land and the displacement of people. Socio--economic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental transformations are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. This paper focuses on the impacts of Hydro--electric power projects in the Himalayan region of Sikkim with special reference to the Dzongu which focus on demographic and Socio--economic changes. While benefits such as employment have accrued to the rural community from these economic development projects, changes in land use and in people's occupations may have adverse impacts on their future livelihoods. The interests of local must be listened to and taken care of during the planning and the policy makers must adopt a model or strategies so that the impacts and effects of such type developmental activities can be minimized and local people who are living in the vicinity as well as who have sacrificed their belongings. To maximize the positive impacts and mitigate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts, sustainability of water resources projects is required.
Rivers in the name of Sources for the Renewable Energy
Journal of Science, Humanities and Arts - JOSHA
Kosovo's water capacities are being ruined in the name of sources for renewable energy. Surely, those constructions for renewable energy have sparked fears of the worst wildlife damages and biodiversity of the environment. The study presented in this paper investigated the water resources of Kosovo. Focusing on the river volumes, legislation, biodiversity, sources for renewable energy, and urban planning issues. The current and possible degraded state of the environment in the name of sources of renewable energy are not acceptable, even more, when the water capacities are being ruined and creating cumulative impacts on river systems, disrupting the landscape and beauty of their characters, and affecting the function of their habitats. Surely, hydropower plants are potential of renewable energy, but it must be wise planned and carefully located, never affecting the public health and community wellbeing. josha.org