Standard Heterosis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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American Journal of BioScience
Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
American Journal of BioScience, 2022
Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
Estimation of heterosis in yield and yield attributing traits in single cross hybrids of maize
Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2016
A field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season from 6 th October, 2015 to 5 th March 2016 to estimate different heterosis on single cross maize hybrids. Thirteen maize hybrids were tested randomized complete block design with three replications. Hybrid namely RML-98/RL-105 gave the highest standard heterosis (57.5%) for grain yield over CP-666 followed by RML-4/NML-2 (32.6%), RML-95/RL-105 (29%) and RML-5/RL-105 (20.6%). The hybrid RML-98/RL-105 produced the highest standard heterosis (75.1%) for grain yield over Rajkumar followed by RML-4/NML-2(50.2%), RML-95/RL-105(46.6%), RML-5/RL-105 and (35.7%). Mid and better parent heterosis were significantly higher for yield and yield attributes viz. ear length, ear diameter, no of kernel row per ear, no of kernel per row and test weight. The highest positive mid-parent heterosis for grain yield was found in RML-98/RL-105 followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. For the grain yield the better parent heterosis was the highest in RML-98/RL-105, followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. These results suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrids namely RML-98/RL-105, RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2 .
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020
This study was initiated with the objective of estimating magnitude of heterosis of selected conventional maize inbred lines. Ten elite inbred lines were selected based on over per se performances. The crosses were done in a 10 x 10 half-diallel mating design to produce 45 F 1 single crosses hybrids during 2016. The experiment was conducted at Bako National Maize Research Center in 2017 main cropping. The experimental material consisted of 45F1 single crosses and three standard checks with a total of 48 genotypes. The quantitative agronomic data were recorded following standard protocols of CIMMYT. Percent of mid-parent (MP), better parent (BP) and standard heterosis was estimated for agronomic traits that revealed significant under analysis of variance. Maximum percent of mid-parent (240.34%), better parent (220.85%) and standard heterosis of 18.79% were detected for grain yield. Crosses of L1 x L4, L1 x L5 and L2 x L4 showed significant heterosis over the best two standard checks for grain yield.
In Ghana, low yields of 1.7 t ha-1 has been reported .This prominent difference in grain yields has been attributed partially to the use of open pollinated varieties (OPVs), shortage of high yielding varieties, biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the present study was designed to estimate the magnitude of heterosis of the single crosses over checks for yield and yield-contributing characters. A line x tester mating design involving sixteen white maize inbred lines as females and two testers as males generated thirty-two single crosses. These hybrids and three checks were evaluated using a 5 x 7 alpha lattice design replicated twice at the University of Ghana, WACCI research farm during 2015/-16 offseason using drip irrigation. Heterotic effects were observed for grain yield, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, husk cover , ear height, maize streak virus, plant aspect, ear length, ear rot, number of kernel rows ear-1 and number of kernels row-1 , however the magnitude varied with characters. From this study hybrids L8 x T2, L1 x T2, L16 x T1, L16 x T2 L4 x T2, L9 x T1 exhibited 54%, 45%, 41% 26%, 24% and 24% heterosis for grain yield respectively, over best check Obatanpa.
Heterosis of Highland Maize (Zea mays L) Hybrids for Grain Yield and Yield Related Components
EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics
The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objectives of this study was, therefore, to estimate heterosis and combining ability of maize inbred lines for yield and yield related traits. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the hybrids for all the traits considerd. All crosses showed significant and positive heterotic effects over mid and better parents for grain yield. None of the crosses showed significant standard heterosis in desired direction. Mid-parent heterosis of day's maturity ranged from-5 to 13.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from-5 to 105%. Indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.
2020
Determination of heterosis in maize hybrids is necessary for their commercial exploitation. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the hybrids for yield and yield-related traits. The experimental material comprised twenty-eight F1 hybrids along with two standard checks (BHQPY 545 and MH 138) were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 main cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was retained from the crosses L3×L6 (20.58%), L3×L8 (7.65%), over BHQPY 545 and L3×L6 (49.20%), L3×L8 (33.20%), over MH138, indicating these hybrids superior for commercial cultivation. Maximum standard heterosis was recorded for L3 × L6 (25.75%), L1 × L4 (16.99%) and L3 ×L6 (37.82%) for 1000 kernel weight, number of kernels per row and biomass yield, respectively over BHQPY-545, and L3 × L6 (54.79%), L1 × L4 (16.90%) and L3 ×L6 (48.90%), for 1000 k...
Heterosis analysis for grain yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
AGRICULTURE UPDATE, 2017
In the present study 6 inbreds were used as parents to make crosses in all possible cross combination in full diallel fashion to obtain total 30 possible F 1 hybrids. These 30 F 1 's were subjected to heterosis analysis for midparental, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, where 900M a prominent hybrid was used as standard check. For judging good F1 hybrids, negative heterosis was considered to be better for five traits (days to tasseling, days to silking, anthesis silking interval, days to maturity and plant height), while positive heterosis was considered to be desirable for the remaining traits (ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, ear weight, shelling per cent, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant). A perusal of standard heterosis revealed that out of 30 crosses studied, none of the hybrids were found to possess significant standard heterosis for all the traits studied. A total of eight hybrids exhibited significant and favourable standard heterosis for grain yield and its component traits. Among the eight hybrids, the hybrid UMI 133 x UMI 122 for seven traits and the remaining hybrids viz UMI 112 x UMI 66, UMI 112 x UMI 122, UMI 112 x UMI 133, UMI 122 x UMI 66, UMI 133 x UMI 112, UMI 133 x UMI 213 and UMI 213 x UMI 112 for five traits recorded significant and favourable standard heterosis and these could be adjudged as promising hybrids. Though the hybrids UMI 213 x UMI 176, UMI 133 x UMI 66 showed significant and favourable standard heterosis for maximum number traits, they were not considered as best ones due to the non significant standard heterosis of those hybrids for most important trait i.e. grain yield per plant. The extent of heterosis for grain yield per plant over check hybrid was found to be the maximum followed by ear weight. The heterosis over check hybrid recorded for anthesis silking interval was the maximum among the traits for which negative heterosis was favourable followed by plant height.
Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and its related traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
Heterosis plays an important role in achieving improvement in crop production. 22 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing eleven lines and two testers in a line × tester fashion were used to derive the information on degree of heterosis over mid, better and standard check in maize. Twenty two crosses and their parents including one check Palam Shankar Makka-2 were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. Grain yield per plant recorded the standard heterosis ranged from -62.54 (KI-13- 315 x HKI-1040) to 44.40% (KI-13-182 x HKI-1105) and significant positive standard heterosis recorded by five hybrids over the check viz., KI-13-182 x HKI-1105 (44.40%), KI-36 A x HKI-1040 (27.29%), KI-3A x HKI-1040 (19.71%), KI-7C x HKI-1040 (11.86%) and KI-13- 315x HKI-1105 (11.74%) These hybrids also showed high heterosis for many yield contributing traits in desirable directions. Therefore, these hybrids can be utilized in future for developing high yielding hybrids and inbreds having p...
Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its components in selected maize inbred lines
South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2007
Information on heterosis and combining ability of adapted maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines is essential to maximize their use for variety development. This study was conducted to determine heterosis and combining ability of selected inbred lines for yield and yield components. Eight inbred lines were crossed in a diallel mating system. The crosses and parents were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications at Bako Research Center, Ethiopia, in 2001 and 2002. There were significant differences between the entries for measured traits. Mean mid-parent heterosis (MPH) ranged from 2.9% for days to maturity to 89.2% for grain yield and high-parent heterosis from 0.65% for ear diameter to 64% for grain yield. All crosses exhibited positive MPH for ear and plant height, ear length, kernels per row and grain yield. General and specific combining ability effects were significant for most traits. Gutto LMS 5 , CML-202 and CML-387 were good general combiners for ear and plant height, and days to maturity. Line 143-5-i was the best general combiner for grain yield. This study identified inbred lines and hybrid combinations that had desirable expression of important traits. This will be useful for the development of high yielding hybrids.