Coal fires in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Indonesia's fires: a hazy challenge for Southeast Asia
East Asia Forum, 2013
In June 2013, forest and land fires caused choking smog and transboundary haze in Southeast Asia. This article is a summary of the latest Indonesian forest fire and haze, which was causing a great deal of consternation in Singapore and Malaysia.
Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Indonesia: A Case Study on Forest Fire
1998
For several months started in July 1997, an area of South-East Asia stretching from Thailand and Philippines to Malaysia and Irian Jaya has been covered in smog, caused by vast forest fires on the main islands of Indonesia. The fires created ecological, social and economical problems. For humans, the smog has caused illness and deaths from respiratory diseases, along with hunger, shipping accidents and misery for the 70 million people living in affected areas. This paper will first look at ecological, economic, and social impacts of forest fires, the causes including intermediate causes, secondary causes and underlying causes. It will then discussed on link between forest fire and underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia.
Large-scale fire: creator and destroyer of secondary forests in Western Indonesia
Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2001
Large scale, catastrophic fires have become a significant and visible part of the tropical forest landscape in the past two decades with increased commercial exploitation of forests, forest conversion and increased population pressure. Secondary forests are an increasingly prominent feature of tropical landscapes and fires play a significant role in both the creation and destruction of these forests. In the past two decades large scale forest fires have become more frequent in the moist tropics. In addition to climatic factors, the nature of tropical forests appears to be changing and becoming, as a consequence, more predisposed to burning. Secondary forests arising from intensive logging, in particular those that are in a degraded condition, are particularly vulnerable to repeated burning and further degradation. There has been limited general success in fire prevention and rehabilitation of secondary forests affected by fire. In addition, forest policy is not yet sufficiently attu...
Fires in tropical forests–what is really the problem? Lessons from Indonesia
2007
Fires have attracted interest and generated alarm since the early 1980s. This concern has been particularly evident in tropical forests of Southeast Asia and the Amazon, but disastrous fires in recent summers in Australia, Europe, and the United States have drawn worldwide attention. Concern about forest fires, and related air pollution and biodiversity impacts, led international organisations and northern countries-such as the Asian Development Bank, the European Union, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank, and the government of Germany-to undertake fire assessments and provide technical assistance. Nongovernmental organisations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and World Wide Fund for Nature, have also devoted increased attention to fires. Aiming at prevention of future fires, 40 fire projects and missions costing well over US$30 million have worked in Indonesia over the last 20 years. Despite the money and effort spent on them, fires continue to burn every year. It may appear to some that efforts to address the 'fire problem' have not been effective as fires still occur. There remains a lack of clarity about 'fire problems', which has, at times, led to the adoption of policies that may have negative impacts on livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Two 'simple' changes in the way fires are considered would significantly improve fire-related policies and initiatives. r Fires should be seen as a component of land management processes, rather than as a 'problem' to be prevented, suppressed, or mitigated. r Not all fires are the same. These two points are discussed in the context of Southeast Asia, and particularly Indonesia, as an example of the problems and questions faced by tropical countries. We argue that efforts
THE INDONESIAN FOREST FIRES AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE 120191211 42741 1xp20wd
2019
Indonesia is one of the leading producers of haze at an alarming rate in Southeast Asia and it is known to be a phenomenon that has been going on for decades. Economic growth is important to developing states but how much of their land are they willing to exchange for this? This research argues that the principle of non-interference of the ASEAN in this context, the Indonesian forest fires, hinders the ability of the ASEAN to settle conflicts between the involved states. To support this argument, this research will be divided into three parts: (1) The effects of transboundary haze from Indonesia to its neighboring countries; (2) The ASEAN's effort and challenges-this will be discussed at length; and (3) Should Indonesia be held accountable for the transboundary environmental damage it is causing since it is affecting the Southeast Asian region negatively but as well as contributing to the worsening conditions of global warming itself?