Circassian toponymy of the Krasnodar Territory (original) (raw)
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THE ORIGINS OF TOPONYMS AND ETHNONYMS IN THE REGION OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
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This paper focuses on Pisidian toponymy and ethnonymy and the persistence of Anatolian languages in the toponymy of the region. Toponymy and ethnonymy tell us much about territorial control of individual settlements, whether they be Anatolian or of exogenous (mainly Greek and Roman) origin. Indeed, by identifying the language used to create a place name or ethnonym, we learn more about the region. Most of the names in the corpus are attested in Greek, but they are often explained by Anatolian languages because the place name survives the language that gave birth to it. I will explain the method which enabled us to study the 87 names contained in the corpus: source collection, analysis and conclusion. Three examples of Pisidian toponyms will illustrate my approach. I will then present the results thus obtained, in the form of a toponymic panorama, comprising a linguistic and a semantic classification of the toponyms according to the semantic repository (water, relief, vegetation, etc.).
The Place of Toponyms in The History of Azerbaijan
Granì, 2022
The formation of each nation is the result of an uninterrupted ethnic process that has continued throughout history. The ethnic process in society takes place on the basis of certain components. The components of the ethnic process are tribes, clans, peoples and nations. In a word, as a result of the processes of consolidation and assimilation, an ethnos known under one name leaves the stage of history after a certain historical stage, replaces another ethnos, one melts and the other dominates. In other words, in order to study the origin of our people, it is necessary to reveal the names of ethnic groups living in the South Caucasus and their ethnicity. It is clear that different tribes and tribal associations played a great role in the formation of peoples. Neighboring peoples and especially the various Turkic-speaking tribes that have existed throughout history should unite. These relations can be realized as a result of some toponymic research, because toponymic units reflect this process. The toponymy of Azerbaijan has a very ancient history. Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, as well as Russian and European travelers were interested in Azerbaijan and expressed different views on the geographical names of its territory. After the 1950s, the research of a number of prominent scientists developed the science of toponymy and made it somewhat independent. Although toponyms are subject to morphological changes in some cases, on the whole they are stronger than the grammatical structure of the language. An example of this is the Azerbaijani toponymy. Research, historical-typological-analysis of toponymic names and their scientific generalization help to reveal very complex and necessary issues of the language and history of our people. The discovery of these facts once again confirms that the toponyms of Turkish origin are older in the South Caucasus. The aim of the article is to investigate the history of toponyms and the place of toponyms in the history of Azerbaijan.
Lexical-Semantic Analysis of the Ancient Turkic Place Names
During the integration process of Turkic countries and formation of institutions and organizations which focus on the problem of researching languages, history and culture of Turkic people, toponymists and onomasticians face a difficult task related to solving various problems of history and theory of Turkic languages. The problem is that the majority of results of the study insufficiently reveal the essence and specificity of worldview of the ancient Turkic people. The purpose of this study is to present new data on the ancient Turkic history, social-political system, inhabited territory and even mentality through semantic analyses of place names of the ancient Turkic period. The linguistic and general scientific methods we applied gave us to systematize and define semantic classes of the ancient place names. On the basis of classification method the general principals of place names' formation in the ancient period are determined. The result of given analyses is in discovering nomination principals of the ancient place names, the origin of these names and their functioning features, which are connected with psychological and social-economical as well as the historical factors. The sources of the given research are Orkhon-Yenisey written monuments, historical, linguistic, ethnographic, geographic works and scientific literature on toponymy.
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Altogether the series consists of roughly 4,000 pages, large quarto, each volume containing a complete enumeration of the component parts of each shahristdn (larger governorships administered from principal towns), bakhsh (smaller districts), and dihistdn (rural units of several villages).l The names in 1 These terms will be further referred to under abbreviations: sh., b., and d.
Hurrian Toponyms in the Regions between the Tigris and the Lower Zab (2350-612 B.C.)
un published , 2019
Hurrian Toponyms in the Regions between the Tigris and the Lower Zab (2350-612 B.C.) A Thesis: Submitted to the Council of the College of Arts at Salahaddin University – Erbil in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Archaeology By Khana Akram Mohammed B.A in Ancient Archaeology – Salahaddin University – Erbil – 2013 Supervised by Dr. Dlshad A. Marf Zamua Erbil- KURDISTAN November 2019 ABSTRACT This thesis is a study that, deals with the Hurrian toponyms in the regions between the Tigris and the Lowe Zab rivers from the period (2350-612 B.C.). The researcher has tried to study all the mentioned toponyms in the royal inscriptions, date formulas, administrative records, letters, legal, economic, and religious documents of the local Zagros and Northern and Southern Mesopotamian and other Near Eastern records, which mentioned these toponyms. The Hurrian toponyms are dated to the Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Basically for this thesis, the researcher used the original sources and cuneiform records. This thesis consists of four main chapters with a preface. In addition to dividing the toponyms according to their historical order, and arrange them in chapters in alphabetical order. Moreover, in the end, the researcher made detailed databases for all the studied toponyms in this thesis, explaining the origin of the toponym, their historical appearance, their transliterations, their suffixes, and the sources of the texts with their bibliographic references. Furthermore, the researcher has also attempted to discuss the location of these toponyms. This thesis is the first attempt analysis and study of the Hurrian toponyms of the regions between the Tigris and the Lower Zab rivers in an individual research in detail.