Efficient Acoustic Communication Techniques for Nanobots (original) (raw)
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A novel Communication Technique for Nanobots based on acoustic signals
In this work we present the simulation of a swarm of nanobots that behave in a distributed fashion and communicate through vibrations, permitting a decentralized control to treat endogenous diseases of the brain. Each nanobot is able to recognize a cancer cell, eliminate it and announces through a communication based on acoustic signals the presence of the cancer to the other nanobots. We assume that our nanodevices vibrate and these vibrations cause acoustic waves that propagate into the brain with some intensity that we evaluated by taking into account the specific physical factors of the context, the nano-metric nature of the vibrant devices and the characteristic of the fluid where the devices are immersed. An important aspect of our approach is related to the communication based on vibrations. This choice is related to the application context where is not advisable either to use indiscriminate chemical substances or electromagnetic waves. Whereas, ultrasonic waves are used in the most frequent diagnostic techniques and the use of this kind of techniques should not have negative collateral effects. Specifically, we propose an approach based on bees' behavior in order to allow our devices to communicate, coordinate and reach the common objective to destroy the cancerous tissues. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of our technique, we compared it with other techniques known in literature and simulation results showed the effectiveness of our technique both in terms of achievement of the objective, that is the destruction of the cancerous cells, and velocity of destruction.
Acoustically Driven Cell-Based Microrobots for Targeted Tumor Therapy
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Targeted drug delivery using microrobots manipulated by an external actuator has significant potential to be a practical approach for wireless delivery of therapeutic agents to the targeted tumor. This work aimed to develop a novel acoustic manipulation system and macrophage-based microrobots (Macbots) for a study in targeted tumor therapy. The Macbots containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can serve as drug carriers. Under an acoustic field, a microrobot cluster of the Macbots is manipulated by following a predefined trajectory and can reach the target with a different contact angle. As a fundamental validation, we investigated an in vitro experiment for targeted tumor therapy. The microrobot cluster could be manipulated to any point in the 4 × 4 × 4 mm region of interest with a position error of less than 300 μm. Furthermore, the microrobot could rotate in the O-XY plane with an angle step of 45 degrees without limitation of total angle. Finally, we verifie...
Nanorobot Communication Techniques: A Comprehensive Tutorial
2006 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2006
This work presents chemical communication techniques for nanorobots foraging in fluid environments relevant for medical applications. Unlike larger robots, viscous forces and rapid diffusion dominate their behaviors. Examples range from modified microorganisms to nanorobots using ongoing developments in molecular computation, sensors and motors. The nanorobots use an innovative methodology to achieve decentralized control for a distributed collective action in the combat of cancer. A communication approach is described in the context of recognizing a single tumor cell in a small venule as a target for medical treatment. Thus, a higher gradient of signal intensity of E-cadherin is used as chemical parameter identification in guiding nanorobots to identify malignant tissues. A nanorobot can effectively use chemical communication to improve intervention time to identify tumor cells.
Swarm of Nanobots in Medical Applications: a Future Horizon
ICMAME 2023 Conference Proceedings
Many real-life applications rely on nanobot systems. These systems often imitate very simple tiny insects that can accomplish complex tasks. A swarm of nanobots can enhance the quality of life with the initial detection of diseases and treats patients with non-invasive surgeries. Since nanobots have highly controversial specifications due to quantum theory, this paper focuses only on innovative ideas as a future horizon. We define a list of objectives for coronary artery bypass. In this context, the swarm of nanobots reaches the limited flow artery and collaborates to remove the plaque. In addition, an online medical check-out system is stated in which swarm nanobots can be applied for initial disease detection. Finally, some ideas regarding medical check-out without visiting medical doctors and cancer treatments using this technology are discussed.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 2021
Advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have resulted in the development of novel diagnosis and potential treatment for different types of diseases, including brain cancer. Nanomaterials are smaller in size, having a higher area to volume ratio, and can be conjugated with other molecules. Nanomaterials are excellent transport vehicles that can easily cross the extracellular matrix, cell membrane, and by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they can deliver the drugs to the remote and inaccessible internal parts of the brain. A nanorobot is a device that ranges in size from 0.1-10 micrometer and resembles in size to a red blood cell. Nanorobot is a smart robot that can patrol the bloodstream, recognize the specific target, and can release a tiny but deadly cargo of drugs or nanoparticles to kill the cancer cells. With the multidisciplinary approach of biotechnology, molecular biology, electronics, bioinformatics-based computer simulation, and molecular medicine, a self-...
Design of nanorobots for exposing cancer cells
Nanotechnology, 2019
A proof-of-concept design of a nano-robot which can navigate, detect cancer cells and actuate the release of chemicals in blood is discussed. The nano-robot is designed with blood energy harvesting capability and accumulation of electricity in a capacitor, that forms the main body of the nano-robot. The nano-robot is immobilized with glucose hunger-based cancer detectors that reduce the electrical resistance of a nano-tube when attached to a cancer cell. This mechanism, in turn allows electric current to activate a nano-electrical-mechanical (NEM) relay (mechanical transistor) to break the ceiling, exposing a chemical material identified by the immune system for cell elimination. This concept is in line with the effort to design an autonomous computational nano-robot for in-vivo medical diagnosis and treatment. The concept can also be considered as a step to bridge the gap between theoretical swarming/navigation techniques and a computational hardware for plausible implementation of the theory.
There are many ways to treat cancer ranging from Chemotherapy to immunotherapy, though each method has its own risks and side effects. A common side effect seen in these methods is the collateral damage of healthy cells. Usage of highly optimal, target based drug-delivery system will overcome this side-effect.Also, the cancerous cells may be distributed over a large area in a specific organ that demands repeated targeting of drugs to the same vicinity.Nanotechnology gives promising solutions to these problems. Nanobots are machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometre (10−9 meters).The nanobots can adopt the concepts of swarm intelligence such as particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony, to stay together and move collectively towards a goal. Swarm intelligence (SI) introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989 is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. It is based on the principle of large number of homogeneous agents interacting among themselves locally, without central coordination to produce an emergent behavior.Examples in natural systems of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and bee foraging.
Navigation of Ultrasound-controlled Swarmbots under Physiological Flow Conditions
Navigation of microrobots in living vasculatures is essential in realizing targeted drug delivery and advancing non-invasive surgeries. We developed acoustically-controlled “swarmbots” based on the self-assembly of clinically-approved microbubbles. Ultrasound is noninvasive, penetrates deeply into the human body, and is well-developed in clinical settings. Our propulsion strategy relies in two forces: the primary radiation force and secondary Bjerknes force. Upon ultrasound activation, the microbubbles self-assemble into microswarms, which migrate towards and anchor at the containing vessel’s wall. A second transducer, which produces an acoustic field parallel to the channel, propels the swarms along the wall. We demonstrated cross- and upstream navigation of the swarmbots at 3.27 mm/s and 0.53 mm/s, respectively, against physiologically-relevant flow rates of 4.2 – 16.7 cm/s. Additionally, we showed swarm controlled manipulation within mice blood and under pulsatile flow conditions...
Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2015
Nano-machine-module is designed and synthesized as a futuristic drug (PCMS) for cancer and Alzheimers by doping 2 Nile Red molecules in the cavity of a 5th generation PAMAM dendrimer P, and attaching 32 molecular rotors M, 4 pH sensors S on its surface. Molecular rotors and sensors enable the dendritic box surface to target specific sites, minimizing termination of healthy cells, e.g. cancer cells, nuclei acids (DNA) & spirals of Abeta Amyloid are disintegrated. Combined Excitation Emission Spectroscopy (CEES) shows directed energy transfer along M↔C↔S, this energy transmission path is itself an oscillation, and we image live resonant oscillation of the PCMS and the target molecular system. PCMS engages into resonant oscillations with spiral molecular structures. PCMS is designed to sense microsatellite instability & spirals with resonance frequencies in the kHz range. PCM is toxic, but the toxicity disappears as S is added to derive PCMS. PCMS does not even affect the dynamic insta...
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015
The collective behavior of biological systems has inspired efforts toward the controlled assembly of synthetic nanomotors. Here we demonstrate the use of acoustic fields to induce reversible assembly of catalytic nanomotors, controlled swarm movement, and separation of different nanomotors. The swarming mechanism relies on the interaction between individual nanomotors and the acoustic field, which triggers rapid migration and assembly around the nearest pressure node. Such on-demand assembly of catalytic nanomotors is extremely fast and reversible. Controlled movement of the resulting swarm is illustrated by changing the frequency of the acoustic field. Efficient separation of different types of nanomotors, which assemble in distinct swarming regions, is illustrated. The ability of acoustic fields to regulate the collective behavior of catalytic nanomotors holds considerable promise for a wide range of practical applications.