Smart City Drivers & Challenges in Urban Mobility, Healthcare and Interdependent Infrastructure Systems (original) (raw)
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Smart City Drivers & Challenges in Energy and Water Systems
IEEE Potentials, 2021
The IEEE Smart Cities Initiative brings together the IEEE’s broad array of technical societies and organizations to advance the state of the art for smart city technologies for the benefit of society and to set the global standard in this regard by serving as a neutral broker of information amongst industry, academic, and government stakeholders. These smart city technologies draw upon expertise in several functional domains including: ● Sensors and Intelligent Electronic Devices ● Communication Networks & Cyber Security ● Systems Integration ● Intelligence & Data Analytics ● Management & Control Platforms Together, this functional expertise serves to achieve the mission of the IEEE Smart Cities initiative: 1. To be recognized as the authoritative voice and leading source of credible technical information and educational content within the scope of smart cities identified below. 2. To facilitate and promote both the collaborative and individual work of its Member societies regarding smart city technology. To that end, the IEEE Smart Cities initiative has identified several application domains in which to apply its expertise. These are: ● Smart energy systems ● Smart water systems ● Smart mobility systems ● Smart healthcare systems Each of these systems has generally developed in its own right in response to the needs and context of the domain. Each faces its own set of drivers and challenges. And yet, as each of these systems gains greater “digital intelligence”, recurring themes of technology integration do emerge. This sequence of two articles serves to highlight these domain-specific drivers and challenges within the broader smart city landscape. This first article focuses on smart energy and smart water systems. In the sequel article, smart mobility and healthcare systems are discussed.
IEEE Access, 2017
The population of cities is increasing day-by-day. According to United Nations, it is estimated that by 2050, 66% of the world's population will live in cities [item 1) of the Appendix]. This is indicative of a drive to live in more privileged and smarter environments. Therefore, there exists an increased demand for intelligent and sustainable environments that offer citizens of urban areas a high quality life. Smart cities may be a solution. Millions of dedicated and reliable sensors are required in smart cities to enhance the quality of urban living. Communications infrastructure is inevitably required for connecting these sensors. In order to better manage urban resources, there exists a need to explore issues like deployment of sensors, communications technologies, information management, and defining and deploying proper smart city applications. Heterogeneous communication technologies are expected to play a vital role in terms of providing connectivity among different objects in smart cities. These communications technologies include wireless fidelity (WiFi) [IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ah/af], long term evolution (LTE) [3GPP], LTE advance (LTE-A) [3GPP], Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4), and low power wide area network (LoRaWAN). Bluetooth and Zigbee are low range communications technologies and more suitable for personal area network (PAN) based applications. LoRaWAN provides lowpower WANs with features specifically needed to support low-cost mobile communications. These heterogeneous communication technologies can be used in most smart city applications such as smart grid, smart metering, smart street lightening, smart health monitoring, smart transportation, waste management, and smart ambulance. This Special Section in IEEE ACCESS is intended to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry in the area of smart cities. We have invited original articles with novel contributions in sensing technologies, applications, and communication architecture, requirements and protocol design in smart cities. In this Special Section, we have included 16 high-quality articles from leading research groups around the world working on different research aspects of smart cities. Articles in this Special Section present novel ideas on smart metering,
Smart Cities: Challenges and Beyond
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A smart city is an interconnection of objects in which each object plays a role of a source node. The data and information is collected from the source node for further computation and communication. A city can only be called a smart city if certain attributes are available such as clean water, good transport, energy efficiency, well-structured infrastructure, Internet of Things (IoT), mobile health (m-health), and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the things that form a smart city. We focus on applications and technologies and identify different challenges in a smart city. Furthermore, the critical evaluation of different standards, architectures and frameworks form part of the paper.
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Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives
Journal of Urban Technology, 2015
As the term "smart city" gains wider and wider currency, there is still confusion about what a smart city is, especially since several similar terms are often used interchangeably. This paper aims to clarify the meaning of the word "smart" in the context of cities through an approach based on an in-depth literature review of relevant studies as well as official documents of international institutions. It also identifies the main dimensions and elements characterizing a smart city. The different metrics of urban smartness are reviewed to show the need for a shared definition of what constitutes a smart city, what are its features, and how it performs in comparison to traditional cities. Furthermore, performance measures and initiatives in a few smart cities are identified. Downloaded by [Ryerson University] at 09:13 17 April 2015 Hoseini et al., 2013). Hancke et al. (2013) provide an overview of the state of the art sensors used for monitoring physical infrastructure in a smart city and discuss a large number of pertained applications.