LITERATURE SURVEY ON SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES (original) (raw)

Electricity has staggering importance in our daily life and economic development. Efficient transmission and distribution of electricity is a fundamental requirement for every society. Smart grid technology is an essential to provide easy integration and reliable service to consumers. A smart grid system is a self-sufficient electricity network system based on digital automation technology for monitoring, control, and analysis within the supply chain. This paper discusses literature surveys of some researches and studies on Smart Grids technology. Smart Grid Technologies include integrated communications, sensing and measurement technologies, advanced components, advanced control methods, and improved interfaces and decision support. Smart Grid must have self-healing, consumer participation, resist attack, high-quality power, accommodate generation options, enable electricity market, optimize assets, enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources. INTRODUCTION Smart Grid is a concept for transforming the electric power grid by using advanced automatic control and communications techniques and other forms of information technology. It integrates innovative tools and technologies from generation, transmission and distribution all the way to consumer appliances and equipment and also integrates energy infrastructure, processes, devices, information and markets into a coordinated and collaborative process that allows energy to be generated, distributed and consumed more effectively and efficiently. Smart Grids is a new concept for electricity networks. The initiative responds to the rising challenges and opportunities, bringing benefits to all users, stakeholders and companies. Smart Grid Technologies are already used in other applications such as manufacturing and telecommunications and are being used in grid operation. Department of Energy (DOE) lists five fundamental technologies that will drive the Smart Grid: 1. Integrated communications, connecting electronic components to get information and control every part in real time, on the other hand, make every part of the Smart Grid both ‗listen' and ‗talk'. 2. Sensing and measurement technologies, to provide faster and more accurate response information of each important part of Smart Grid, such as remote monitoring, real time thermal rating, electromagnetic signature analysis, real-time pricing and demand-side management. 3. Advanced components, to apply the latest research in superconductivity, storage, power electronics and diagnostics. they include: flexible alternating current transmission system devices, high voltage direct current, first and second generation superconducting wire, high temperature superconducting cable, distributed energy generation and storage devices, composite conductors, and-intelligent‖ appliances.