Photodynamic Therapy: Role in Dentistry (A Brief Review) (original) (raw)
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Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, 2012
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recently being recognized as an attractive, non-invasive and alternative treatment method for precancerous lesions and superficial cancers. PDT has many advantages when compared with conventional treatment modalities. It has also been used for the photoinactivation of microbes. There is an increasing interest in the practical application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in many branches of dentistry, especially in periodontology, for the management of such conditions as chronic periodontitis or periimplantitis. The aim of the present paper was to discuss the application of photodynamic therapy in medicine and dentistry. The results of many so far published studies seem to be very promising indicating at the same time that further research is needed to establish the optimal protocol for effective photodestruction of tumor cells and microorganisms.
Photodynamics in antimicrobial periodontal therapy
Indian Journal of Oral Sciences, 2012
Current dental practice has been emphasizing more on (1) early diagnosis and prevention of common oral diseases and (2) to conserve tooth structure as much as possible during restorative procedures. Thus atraumatic and non invasive treatment modalities have been the key thrust in dentistry today. Keeping in mind the tremendous potential of optical technology to provide high sensitive tissue information non-invasively, and the ability to induce localized and specific tissue changes, photodynamic therapy should be the foremost technology to embrace for advancement in dentistry. Although mechanical removal of the periodontal pathogens is the current gold standard of treatment, antibiotics are also known to be effective. However, development of resistance in the target organisms is a problem associated with the use of such drugs. The use of photoactivatable compounds or photosensitizers (PS) to cause photodestruction of oral bacteria has been demonstrated, indicating that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be a useful alternative to mechanical means as well as antibiotics in eliminating periopathogenic bacteria. Keeping this in consideration this review mainly focuses on the application of photodynamic technology as antimicrobial agent in adjunct to the routine oral prophylaxis around the natural dentition as well as implant prosthesis.
Photodynamic Therapy-A New Ray of Hope in Periodontics
2017
Microbial biofilm in the oral cavity is the primary etiology for periodontal disease. It has been found that the growth of bacteria in dental plaque biofilm imparts to them an increased resistance to antimicrobial agents as compared to bacteria grown in suspensions and adherent cultures. Hence there is pronounced interest and keenness for the development of alternate therapeutic modalities, one such approach is the photodynamic therapy (PDT). This review provides an overview of PDT in the management of periodontal disease. Also new frontiers of antimicrobial PDT research have been discussed. Thus, the available knowledge of PDT should encourage a more clinically oriented application of this technique.
The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review
Laser Physics, 2016
In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.
Does Photodynamic Therapy Enhance Standard Antibacterial Therapy in Dentistry?
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2013
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether or not photodynamic therapy enhanced standard antibacterial therapy in dentistry. Background data: Photodynamic therapy when used as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy kills more bacteria than when conventional periodontal therapy is used alone. Materials and methods: To address the focused question, ''Does photodynamic therapy enhance killing of oral bacteria?'' PubMed/MEDLINE Ò and Google Scholar databases were explored. Original human and experimental studies and studies using photodynamic therapy for killing oral bacteria were included. Letters to the Editor, historic reviews, and unpublished data were excluded. Results: Photodynamic therapy significantly reduces periodontopathogenic bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Photodynamic therapy kills cariogenic bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis), bacteria associated with infected root canals, and those associated with periimplantitis. Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy, when used as an adjunct to conventional oral disinfection protocols, enhances standard antibacterial therapy in dentistry.
Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease
2020
Biofilms that colonize tooth surfaces and epithelial cells lining the periodontal pocket ⁄ gingival sulcus (subgingival dental plaques) are among the most complex biofilms that exist in nature. Photodynamic therapy has been suggested as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial agents to eliminate subgingival species and treat periodontitis. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy seems to be a unique and interesting therapeutic approach towards the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The results of a number of in vitro studies clearly demonstrate the effective and efficient bactericidal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy may hold promise as a substitute for currently available chemotherapy in the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontics
2020
The human oral cavity is colonized by a large number of highly diverse bacteria existing in either a planktonic community or in a complex sessile community known as a biofilm (i.e. dental plaque).1While the majority of bacteria in these complex communities are nonpathogenic some bacteria are opportunistic pathogens and are associated with extraoral and intraoral diseases. Photodynamic therapy has been considered as a promising novel therapeutic approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Photodynamic therapy is based on chemicals called photosensitizers that are activated by light of adequate wavelength. Its activation leads to the generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals responsible for the cytotoxic effect against specific cells. Photodynamic therapy basically involves three nontoxic ingredients: visible harmless light; a nontoxic photosensitizer; and oxygen. It is based on the principle that a photosensitizer (i.e. a photoactivatab...
Vojnosanitetski pregled
Porphyromonas gingivalis i Treponema denticola nalazili su se u statistički značajno manjem broju nakon primenjene terapije(p<0,001). Kauzalna terapija u kombinaciji s aPTD je dovela do statistički značajnog pobljšanja kako kliničkih parametatra, tako i mikrobiološkog statusa u odnosu na kauzalnu terapiju samostalno. Zaključak. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je došlo do poboljšanja svih kliničkih pokazatelja nakon primene oba modaliteta terapije. Ukupni broj mikroorganizama je smanjen kao i broj specifičnih mikroorganizama. Kombinacija antimikrobne fotodinamske terapije s kauzalnom terapijom pokazala je smanjenje broja mikroorgnizama u odnosu na kauzalnu terapiju samostalno. Ključne reči: Parodontopatija, Kauzalna terapija parodontopatije, Antimiktobna fotodinamska terapija.
Photodynamic Therapy- A Ray towards Periodontics
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
The increase of microbial resistance and development of lighting devices with safe and accurate delivery of energy, today professionals can count on therapies to manage pathogens in different fields of dentistry, especially periodontics. The possibility of development of resistance to antibiotics by the target organism has led to development of a new concept with fewer complications i.e. Photodynamic Therapy. The combination of laser light and photosensitizer known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used in periodontal therapy. LASER produces a monochromatic, collimated and coherent light beam. This unique form of light can interact with living tissues leading to surgical and/ or therapeutic applications. A Photosensitizer is a dye substance that is absorbed by the microorganism, cell or tissue allowing it to interact with the light. This mode of treatment is referred to as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photo-activated disinfection (PAD). Application of photodynamic therapy in periodontics such as pocket debridement, gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis continue to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality, and is considered as a promising novel approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis. This Article presents an overview of photodynamic therapy as it represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of periodontal diseases.
Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, 2014
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. Materials and methods. A total of 24 patients with clinical diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis received scaling and root planing (SRP) for periodontal treatment. In a split-mouth design study, the teeth of one quadrant of each arch with ≥4 mm of probing depth were selected randomly for additional treatment with PDT (test group). PDT was performed with a diode laser beam with a wavelength of 670-690 nm and a power of 75 Mw. The control group consisted of selected teeth of the contralateral quadrant (SRP only). Before any treatment, subgingival plaque samples were collected by an endodontic paper cone for microbiological analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetecommitans. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment loss (CAL) as primary outcome, plaque index ...