A Short Review of Lithium-ion Battery Technology (original) (raw)

The energy-storage frontier: Lithium-ion batteries and beyond

MRS Bulletin, 2015

History of the lithium-ion battery The story of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a fascinating study in how science and technology transform expansive general ideas into specifi c technology outcomes, advanced by many scientifi c disciplines and players in diverse international settings. The fi nal product, what is now called the Li-ion battery (illustrated in Figure 1), continues to have a transformational impact on personal electronics, affecting communication, computation, entertainment, information, and the fundamental ways in which we interact with information and people. In recounting this story, we acknowledge the basic themes it illustrates: vision, challenges, course-changing discoveries, outcomes that miss intended targets yet have transformational impacts, and compelling opportunities left on the table. Several accounts of the history of Li-ion batteries have recently appeared. 1-9 This article presents a brief overview of the motivations, challenges, and unexpected solutions in Li-ion battery development, as well as the failures and triumphs that have marked their trajectory from conceptualization through commercialization to their dominant place in the market today. The concept: Li-metal anodes and intercalation cathodes It is easy to understand the appeal of Li as a battery material. As the most reducing element and the lightest metal in the periodic table, Li promises high operating voltage, low weight, and high energy-storage density. These appealing features of Li have been known and discussed for use in primary (nonrechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries since the 1950s, 10-12 and several primary batteries reacting Li with cathodes such as (CF) n , MnO 2 , aluminum, and iodine were proposed or developed in the 1960s. 13 Early work on Li rechargeable batteries used molten lithium and molten sulfur as electrodes, separated by a molten salt as the electrolyte, operating at ∼ 450°C. 13 A pathway for using lithium in room-temperature rechargeable batteries was established in the early 1970s, when Whittingham and others realized that electrochemical intercalation of guest molecules into layered hosts, previously viewed as a synthesis technique, could also be used to store and release energy in battery electrodes. 7 , 8 , 13-16 One of the triggers for this intellectual leap was the synthesis of more than

Lithium batteries: a 50-year perspective, 1959-2009

Solid State Ionics, 2000

The principles for realising commercially successful lithium secondary batteries are now well established. What is necessary during the next decade is the application of sophisticated solid state chemistry and materials science in order to find optimised solutions to the many conflicting requirements placed on the battery materials.

Rechargeable lithium batteries: key scientific and technological challenges

Rechargeable lithium batteries : from fundamentals to applications / edited by Alejandro A. Franco

At present, lithium-based batteries (LBs) are by far the most important storage systems available on the market. At the same time, however, they are still under massive development, chiefly because their use has been gradually extended from portable electronics (PEs; laptops, smartphones, camcorders, etc.), to more demanding sectors such as automotive and smart grids. It is important to state immediately that "lithium storage" is a very complex world including several chemistries characterized by largely uneven Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), which, in turn, may also vary depending on the emitting agency. Just as an example, .1 reports the TRL scale recently adopted by EU Program Horizon 2020. Even in the frame of a given chemistry, moreover, TRLs will change depending on the application and related specs. In this chapter, we will treat three main chemistries (or chemistry families): lithium-ion, lithium-air (lithium-oxygen), and lithium-sulfur.

Development & Future of Lithium-ion Batteries

IRJET, 2022

This research paper provides users with an overview of lithium-ion batteries and their expansion in the future and other solutions that we can use in the current year and in the years to come. Lithium batteries often power our gadgets, but the equipment itself is rare and, by extension, cheap, lithium is not readily available, and the cost of mining and refining can produce a huge budget. applications. Li-ion batteries are a powerful source of digital power in the modern mobile phone community, used exclusively for mobile phones and laptops. The commercial success of Li-ion batteries in the 1990's was not just a nightmare, but the result of in-depth research and the contribution of many great scientists and engineers. Then many efforts were made to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries, achieving some significant progress. In order to meet the growing demand for energy storage, especially in the most popular electric vehicles, intensive research is needed to develop the next-generation Li-ion batteries with incredible improvements, including some improved power and volumetric power density, mobility, charge level, stability, and safety. There are still significant challenges to the development of the next generation of Li-ion batteries. New battery concepts should be further developed to extend beyond Li-ion batteries in the future. In this tutorial review, the focus is on introducing basic concepts, highlighting recent developments, and discussing the challenges associated with Li-ion batteries. A brief discussion on the widely read "Li-ion batteries" is also provided.

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

Energy & Environmental Science, 2011

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Material Revolution to Evolution in Lithium-ion Battery Technology

Turkish Journal of Materials, 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significantly impacted our lives and are now found in various devices such as cell phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. An appropriate electrolyte was produced in LIBs via a twisting route, which relates to the progress of electrode chemistry. Based on recent research and discoveries, LIB has emerged as the technology of choice for storing electrical energy for use in mobile products and electric vehicles. This is due to LIBs' desirable qualities, such as their lightweight, high-energy density, small size, little memory effect, extended lifespan, and low pollution. In this method, a metal oxide is the cathode, and porous carbon is the anode. The electrochemical interaction of lithium with anode materials can generate intercalation products that are the basis for innovative battery systems. At room temperature, structural retention makes this reaction quick and reversible. This concise overview examines the progress of LIB technology and the impact of the materials used in different technologies on cell performance. The section summarizes the evolution of LIB cells and Li + ion storage into various materials and intercalation chemistry.

The Development and Future of Lithium Ion Batteries

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016

This year, the battery industry celebrates the 25 th anniversary of the introduction of the lithium ion rechargeable battery by Sony Corporation. The discovery of the system dates back to earlier work by Asahi Kasei in Japan, which used a combination of lower temperature carbons for the negative electrode to prevent solvent degradation and lithium cobalt dioxide modified somewhat from Goodenough's earlier work. The development by Sony was carried out within a few years by bringing together technology in film coating from their magnetic tape division and electrochemical technology from their battery division. The past 25 years has shown rapid growth in the sales and in the benefits of lithium ion in comparison to all the earlier rechargeable battery systems. Recent work on new materials shows that there is a good likelihood that the lithium ion battery will continue to improve in cost, energy, safety and power capability and will be a formidable competitor for some years to come.

Progress into lithium-ion battery research

Journal of Chemical Research, 2023

Lithium-ion batteries have transformed our lives and are now found in everything from mobile phones to laptop computers and electric cars. In lithium-ion batteries, an adequate electrolyte was developed using a winding process nearly related to the progress of electrode chemistries. In this technology, a metal oxide is a cathode, and porous carbon is the anode. The electrochemical interaction of anode material with lithium could produce an intercalation product, which could form the basis of a revolutionary battery system. Structural retention causes this reaction to proceed quickly and with a high degree of reversibility at room temperature. Titanium disulfide is one of the latest solid cathode materials. In this review, the history of intercalation electrodes, electrolytes, and basic principles related to batteries based on intercalation processes and their effect on battery performance is reported.