Byzantine Worlds Michaelmas 2020 (original) (raw)
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The Byzantine Generals Problem
The Byzantine Generals Problem, 2022
An alternative to capitalism, or capitalism at its worst? An emancipatory network economy where everyone has a stake, or a dystopian panopticon where only the best man wins? An opportunity for democracy, or a techno-libertarian wet dream? A new creative economy or a pyramid scheme? A planet saver or a planet burner? Rarely has the debate around a technology been so polarized as with blockchains, web3 and NFTs. We are facing a problem of consensus, trapped within a Byzantine Generals Problem. Some generals are besieging Byzantium. In order to avoid catastrophic failure, they must agree on a concerted strategy, but some of them are unreliable. Used to illustrate how consensus is reached within distributed systems, this allegory can be applied to blockchains and to societies as well. Yet, in a peer-to-peer debate with no central authority, consensus is hard to reach for a reason; and the disagreeing general, the unreliable actor, may be our best resource against the common sense of the crypto-yuppies. The Byzantine Generals Problem is an online exhibition focused on artworks which, while not avoiding to engage with blockchains and crypto culture, do it in a critically constructive way: questioning dominant narratives, raising problems, and sometimes proposing alternative solutions.
Byzantine News, Issue 2, December 2017
To all our colleagues internationally who work in the fields of Byzantine Studies, I would like to wish you on my own behalf and on behalf of the International Bureau of the AIEB a very merry Christmas and a Happy, prosperous and intellectually fruitful 2018! John Haldon, Athanasios Markopoulos, Béatrice Caseau, President
The Byzantine Successor State (2013)
This chapter examines the history of state formation in the Byzantine Empire, or the eastern Roman Empire, during the fourth century to the fifteenth century CE. It explains that the Byzantine successor state evolved out of Roman institutional arrangements structured as a hierarchy of administrative levels and that it was a complex bureaucracy which required a substantial degree of more-than-minimal clerical literacy for its day-today administration. The chapter also chronicles the growth of the town-based landlord elite or gentry that was associated with the economic expansion and growth of the period, and which had critical implications for state control over the distribution of resources.
All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Second Edition Cover illustrations: Solidus of Justinian II (enlarged 5:1) ISBN 0-88402-274-9 iii Preface T his publication essentially consists of two parts. The first part is a second edition of Byzantine Coinage, originally published in 1982 as number 4 in the series Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Publications. Although the format has been slightly changed, the content is fundamentally the same. The numbering of the illustrations,* however, is sometimes different, and the text has been revised and expanded, largely on the advice and with the help of Cécile Morrisson, who has succeeded me at Dumbarton Oaks as advisor for Byzantine numismatics. Additions complementing this section are tables of values at different periods in the empire's history, a list of Byzantine emperors, and a glossary. The second part of the publication reproduces, in an updated and slightly shorter form, a note contributed in 1993 to the International Numismatic Commission as one of a series of articles in the commission's Compte-rendus sketching the histories of the great coin cabinets of the world. Its appearance in such a series explains why it is written in the third person and not in the first. It is a condensation of a much longer unpublished typescript, produced for the Coin Room at Dumbarton Oaks, describing the formation of the collection and its publication. * The coins illustrated are in the Dumbarton Oaks and Whittemore collections and are reproduced actual size unless otherwise indicated. Weights are given in grams.
Byzantine agreement in constant expected time
26th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (sfcs 1985), 1985
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Byzantine Studies - Catalogue - Spring 2016
New and Forthcoming Titles in the field of Byzantine Studies. The catalogue is divided into six parts: Interreligious Dialogue, Art & Material Culture, Society, Manuscript Studies, Text & Author, and Source Texts & Translations.