The religious-intellectual network: the arrival of Islam in the archipelago (original) (raw)
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International Journal Academic Research Business and Social Sciences, 2019
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors of development of Islam according to the sect of al-Shafi'i in the Malay Archipelago during the post-Islam arrival. This study uses a qualitative method where the data are derived from literature studies i.e. referring to secondary sources such as books and journals. The data collected were analyzed using document and content analysis methods based on the objectives. The study found that the biggest factor in Islamization in the Malay Archipelago was because the royal family was entering into Islam, so it was also followed by subordinates because they were very loyal to the government. The study also found that many Arab preachers (da’i) who came to the Malay Archipelago were al-Shafi'i sect until it became a very strong factor in the spreading of the al-Shafi'i sect in the Malay Archipelago to produce many local al-Shafi'I sect scholars. Then the local scholars were appointed mufti and government advisors, the factor that led the sect of al-Shafi'i as an official sect in force over Muslims in the Malay Archipelago.
ISLAM, CULTURE AND HISTORY IN THE MALAY WORLD
Forthcoming, 2022
According to the Pew Research Center (2009), the Muslim population in the Malay world has outnumbered the “Middle East” and North Africa with the former constitutes 25% and the latter 20% of world’s Muslim population. Although the Malay world is the most populous Muslim region in the world, it has been neglected within Muslim studies. Further, Islam in the Malay world has been marginalized even within the field of Southeast Asian studies. This occurs partly because of the assumption of Islam being supposedly peripheral to Southeast Asia, and Southeast Asia peripheral to Islam. This book dispels such misconception and the view that Muslims in the Malay world has not made an important contribution in the shaping of Islamic civilisation. It brings together eight essays/chapters on various aspects of Islam, culture and history of the Malay world. Topics range from archeology, culture, diplomacy, Islam, and history of this important but neglected part of the Muslim world. It argues that Muslims in the Malay world are not simply passive consumers of ideas from West Asia. Rather, various scholars and activists since the sixteenth century, through writings, dialogues, and exchanges of ideas have contributed significantly to the shaping of Islamic civilization.
2019
This study has three central purposes. Firstly, it compares the careers and educational activities of Sayyid Shaykh al-Hadi (1867-1934) and Haji Abdullah Ahmad (1878-1933), ardent representatives of the Islamic reformist movement in the Malay world in the early twentieth century. Secondly, it also examines the fundamental similarities and differences between the aim and content of their socio-religious reforms in addition to their methodological approach to the socio-religious problems in the Malay world. Finally, it explores the main social and religious contributions of these two reformists to the Islamic reformist movement in the Malay world. The historical-analytical method is employed in the thesis. The study is based on the examination of articles and books written by al-Hadi and Haji Abdullah. They were significant representatives of the urban-based intellectual and religious movement that emerged in the Malay world in the early twentieth century who came from the wealthy and intellectual families. While al-Hadi was a descendant of a Malay-Hadhrami family, Haji Abdullah was a member of a local Minangkabau family. They played a pivotal role in the introduction and modernization of the madrasahs in the Malay world. Whereas al-Hadi’s madrasahs were short-lived because of the financial constraints and the absence of the Malay parents’ interest in his madrasahs, Haji Abdullah’s madrasahs were long-lived owing to the Minangkabau parents’ positive attitudes towards his educational activities, and his associations like the Syarikat Usaha Adabiah supported the sustainable administration and maintenance of the educational institutions. As for the socio-religious reforms of both reformists, there are remarkable similarities between their methodological approach to the socio-religious problems in the Malay world. Impressed by the Cairo-centred reformist discourse led by Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī and Muḥammad ‘Abduh, they campaigned for a return to the pristine teachings of Islam, namely the Qur’ān and the Ḥadīth, because they considered that the main cause of the “backwardness” of the Malay world was due to “corrupted” religious rituals and practices. Therefore, they condemned the rooted religious ceremonies in society. In brief, the study focuses on the similarities and differences between the background, educational activities and socio-religious ideas of al-Hadi and Haji Abdullah.
Ottoman Connections to the Malay World
This book constitutes a study of Southeast Asia, discussing the Malay world's long historical connection with the Muslim people including the Rumi-Turks, Hadramīs and the Ottomans. These connections reflect religious, political and legal co-operations. It also discusses the Ottomans’ policy of pan-Islamism and the role of Sultan Abdulhamid II in improving ties with the Malay world and their scholars, rulers and heritage, in the fight against Western colonial powers. In seven essays, the contributors to this book discuss the early religious-intellectual network in the region as well as the evolution of the judicial and political systems. The network of Johor-Ottoman and Hadrami Muslim relationships and the role of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor strengthen bilateral connections. The translation of the Majallah al-Ahkam (Ottoman Legal Codes) into Malay language gave an expansion to develop legal practice of the codes of Islamic law in Shariah courts of the Malay Archipelago. The scholars individually discussed and analyzed the topic that they present of which the Ottoman and Malay legal structures and their developments; Turkish scholars in the archipelago and the first interaction with Islam; judicial developments; Ottoman fiqh education system in madrasas. It’s hoped that this humble work would contribute some input to the heritages of Muslim World.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2020
The ulama have played an important role in the intellectual development in the Malay Archipelago. They have significantly and meaningfully contributed in spreading knowledge, confirming to the foundation of Islamic teachings, which is fundamentally the emphasis of knowledge. History has shown that the involvement of Malay ulama when it comes to their writings as well as their role in the development of educational institutions have left a major impression on the excellence of the Malay community civilization in Malay Archipelago. As such, this paper will be focusing on the role and contribution of Malay ulama in the educational and intellectual development in Perak, especially in Madrasah Idrisiah Bukit Chandan Kuala Kangsar Perak. The establishment and development of Madrasah Idrisiah were closely related to the role of sultan and a number of prominent ulama who were the catalysts to the intellectual development of the madrasa. Based on this, the study will attempt to highlight the role of the respective ulama, as they were also very influential and proactive in the propagation of Islam in Perak.
The Impact of Sufism in Pre-colonial Malaysia: An Overview of Interpretations
This article represents a modest effort to redress some of the misrepresentations of pre-colonial Malaysian Islam that have appeared in non-specialist works, to which references will be made intermittently in this article. These works, most of which demonstrate a social science or legal rather than historical orientation, have, in the present author’s view, whether unwittingly or not, adopted the orientalist paradigm as a short-cut to comprehending pre-colonial Malaysian Islam. In this process, they have unjustifiably neglected revisionist interpretations which have acquired credibility, albeit probably still lacking popularity among non-historians wishing a quick glimpse of the subject. Being a social scientist himself, the present author seeks a more judicious understanding of pre-colonial Malaysian Islam by re-highlighting major historical reinterpretations which seem to have alluded the non-historian who has dwelled on the subject. Much of the misinterpretation revolves around the role and influence of sufism. The historical impact of sufism is thus examined in three aspects: the advent of Islam, the growth of Malay indigenous custom and institution-building.
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM)
Malay Islam has become an important part of the development of Islam in Indonesia. Various changes in the face of Islam in Indonesia are caused by various interactions from one region to another. This article attempts to trace Malay Islam to build an Indonesian spirit with various other Islamic traditions. This study uses literature studies to analyze genealogically various synergies and relationships between Malay Islam in the local context and Islam in the archipelago nationally. Obtaining data is taken from literature sources that have been published or not yet published, articles, journals, research reports and relevant writings. Data analysis is used with data sorting and data verification stages. This article concludes that the integration of Islam, Malay and the Archipelago has actually built a strong synergy in building a place where both are present, namely the archipelago. On the one hand, the process of Islamization of the archipelago gave confidence and strength to build...
The Network Of Ulama And Its Role In The Development Of Islam In North Sumatra
Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama, 2020
developing science in North Sumatra, then researchers will look at the role of educational institutions in the development of Islam in North Sumatra. And then the researcher wants to know the influence of Ulama in calling Social changes that occur in the people of North Sumatra. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research, which aims to understand social problems, events, the role of interaction and community groups. The qualitative approach is used by focusing on the social conditions surrounding the existence of the Ulama who lived in his day, which became the basis in compiling the historical events of the ulama network in the development of Islam in North Sumatra in the XX century. The results of this study are First, the scientific network among fellow North Sumatra scholars is very good, it shows from the shape of the education system. This can be seen in the connection with his teachers in the Middle East. Secondly, the role of Islāmic boarding school...