Heterotic response of three-way cross maize hybrids for grain yield and yield components (original) (raw)
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Standard Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Attributing Traits in Early Maturing Maize Hybrids
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2021
The present study was conducted at the research farm of Dryland Agriculture Research Station, SKUAST-Kashmir during the kharif of 2019. Range of heterosis was calculated over standard check. The most desirable cross combinations viz., KDM-440 x KDM-914A (-5.879), KDM-440 x V-335 (-4.468), KDM-930 x V-351(-4.165), KDM-927A x V-335 (-3.986), CML-470 x KDM-914A (-3.808) for days to maturity, KDM-347 x V-351 (4.967) CML-470 x KDM-914A (4.610), CML-474 × V-351(-4.396), KDM-927 A x V-351 (-3.110), KDM-930 x V 335 (2.896) for number of kernel rows per cob, KDM-347 x V-351(-7.544), KDM-440 x V-351 (6.438), KDM-916A x KDM-914 A(6.117), CML-470 × V-351(5.992), CML-474 x V-335 (5.274) for number of kernels per row, KDM-340 x V-351 (3.966), KDM340 x KDM-914A (3.150), KDM-930 x V-351(3.165), KDM-440 x KDM-914 (3.556), KDM-347 x V-351(3.324) for 100-grain weight, KDM-347 x V351 (34.197), KDM-440 x V335 (28.933), CML470 x KDM-914A (29.380), KDM-895 x KDM914A (25.383), KDM927A x KDM-914A (19.549) f...
Heterosis analysis for grain yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
AGRICULTURE UPDATE, 2017
In the present study 6 inbreds were used as parents to make crosses in all possible cross combination in full diallel fashion to obtain total 30 possible F 1 hybrids. These 30 F 1 's were subjected to heterosis analysis for midparental, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, where 900M a prominent hybrid was used as standard check. For judging good F1 hybrids, negative heterosis was considered to be better for five traits (days to tasseling, days to silking, anthesis silking interval, days to maturity and plant height), while positive heterosis was considered to be desirable for the remaining traits (ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, ear weight, shelling per cent, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant). A perusal of standard heterosis revealed that out of 30 crosses studied, none of the hybrids were found to possess significant standard heterosis for all the traits studied. A total of eight hybrids exhibited significant and favourable standard heterosis for grain yield and its component traits. Among the eight hybrids, the hybrid UMI 133 x UMI 122 for seven traits and the remaining hybrids viz UMI 112 x UMI 66, UMI 112 x UMI 122, UMI 112 x UMI 133, UMI 122 x UMI 66, UMI 133 x UMI 112, UMI 133 x UMI 213 and UMI 213 x UMI 112 for five traits recorded significant and favourable standard heterosis and these could be adjudged as promising hybrids. Though the hybrids UMI 213 x UMI 176, UMI 133 x UMI 66 showed significant and favourable standard heterosis for maximum number traits, they were not considered as best ones due to the non significant standard heterosis of those hybrids for most important trait i.e. grain yield per plant. The extent of heterosis for grain yield per plant over check hybrid was found to be the maximum followed by ear weight. The heterosis over check hybrid recorded for anthesis silking interval was the maximum among the traits for which negative heterosis was favourable followed by plant height.
American Journal of BioScience
Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
American Journal of BioScience, 2022
Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.
Estimation of heterosis in yield and yield attributing traits in single cross hybrids of maize
Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2016
A field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season from 6 th October, 2015 to 5 th March 2016 to estimate different heterosis on single cross maize hybrids. Thirteen maize hybrids were tested randomized complete block design with three replications. Hybrid namely RML-98/RL-105 gave the highest standard heterosis (57.5%) for grain yield over CP-666 followed by RML-4/NML-2 (32.6%), RML-95/RL-105 (29%) and RML-5/RL-105 (20.6%). The hybrid RML-98/RL-105 produced the highest standard heterosis (75.1%) for grain yield over Rajkumar followed by RML-4/NML-2(50.2%), RML-95/RL-105(46.6%), RML-5/RL-105 and (35.7%). Mid and better parent heterosis were significantly higher for yield and yield attributes viz. ear length, ear diameter, no of kernel row per ear, no of kernel per row and test weight. The highest positive mid-parent heterosis for grain yield was found in RML-98/RL-105 followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. For the grain yield the better parent heterosis was the highest in RML-98/RL-105, followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. These results suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrids namely RML-98/RL-105, RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2 .
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2022
It is very important to study and understand the inter-relationships among the yield and yield attributing traits as well as heritability for the increased efficiency of the breeding programs. Thus, this research is meant to examine economic and biological performance and then measure the correlation between these traits and their heritability. A field experiment was performed in a Randomized Block layout with three replications, every assigned with fifteen treatments in Bharatpur, Chitwan. Effects confirmed considerable variants among all the found quantitative data. Days to tassel initiation were positively and significantly correlated with days to silking (0.83***), days to maturity (0.85**), and days to anthesis (0.87**). Thousand seed weight was significantly and positively correlated with shelling percentage (0.34*). Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with cob length (0.32*) and number of grains per row (0.33*) whereas highly significant and positively correlated with circumference (0.43***). Traits like days to maturity (0.3), shelling percentage (0.3), and grain yield (0.6) exhibited moderate heritability while others exhibited low heritability. RL-294/CML-226 had the highest grain yield (7.7 t/ha) and grain per row (15.2) with medium performance for other characters. RML-57/RL-174 recorded the highest rows per cob (39.7), cob length (18cm), and shelling percentage (80%) whereas the lowest days to maturity (116.7 DAS) and fluctuating performance in others. Variety RML-86/RML-146 showed better consistent performance for all the traits with the third-highest grain yield (7.1 t/ha) except for shelling percentage (which was the lowest) and days to maturity (which was the longest). This depicts that the two varieties RL-294/CML-226 and RML-86/RML-146 have good possibilities for improvement and cultivation in that area.
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Maize Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Characters
Journal of Plant Production
The present study was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Dakahlya Governorate, during the two successive seasons of 2011 and 2012 to determine general, specific combining abilities and heterosis for grain yield and yield associated traits by crossing 6 inbred lines of maize in a half diallel mating design. Fifteen F1 single crosses with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that mean squares of crosses were significant for all studied traits i.e. number of days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant height, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, 100-grain weight, grain yield/plant and shelling percentage. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) for all studied traits, indicating the importance of both additive and non additive genetic effects for these traits. GCA/SCA variances ratios were found to be greater than unity for number of days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant height and 100-grain weight, indicating that the additive and additive×additive types of gene action were greater importance in the inheritance of these 4 traits. Best GCA effects for earliness traits (number of days to 50% tasseling and silking) achieved inbred lines P4 (Inb.173) and P5 (Inb.174), for plant height were P1 (Sd63), P3 (Inb.19), P4 (Inb.173) and P5 (Inb.174), for number of rows/ear were P1 (Sd63), P3 (Inb.19) and P4 (Inb.173), for 100-grain weight was P1 (Sd63). Inbred lines P1 (Sd63) and P2 (Sd7) showed best GCA effects for grain yield. Also P2 (Sd7) and P6 (Inb.170) showed best GCA effects for shelling percentage. Hybrid combinations P2×P5 and P3×P6 showed largest SCA effects for number of days to 50% tasseling, for number of days to 50% silking
Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and its related traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
Heterosis plays an important role in achieving improvement in crop production. 22 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing eleven lines and two testers in a line × tester fashion were used to derive the information on degree of heterosis over mid, better and standard check in maize. Twenty two crosses and their parents including one check Palam Shankar Makka-2 were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. Grain yield per plant recorded the standard heterosis ranged from -62.54 (KI-13- 315 x HKI-1040) to 44.40% (KI-13-182 x HKI-1105) and significant positive standard heterosis recorded by five hybrids over the check viz., KI-13-182 x HKI-1105 (44.40%), KI-36 A x HKI-1040 (27.29%), KI-3A x HKI-1040 (19.71%), KI-7C x HKI-1040 (11.86%) and KI-13- 315x HKI-1105 (11.74%) These hybrids also showed high heterosis for many yield contributing traits in desirable directions. Therefore, these hybrids can be utilized in future for developing high yielding hybrids and inbreds having p...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020
This study was initiated with the objective of estimating magnitude of heterosis of selected conventional maize inbred lines. Ten elite inbred lines were selected based on over per se performances. The crosses were done in a 10 x 10 half-diallel mating design to produce 45 F 1 single crosses hybrids during 2016. The experiment was conducted at Bako National Maize Research Center in 2017 main cropping. The experimental material consisted of 45F1 single crosses and three standard checks with a total of 48 genotypes. The quantitative agronomic data were recorded following standard protocols of CIMMYT. Percent of mid-parent (MP), better parent (BP) and standard heterosis was estimated for agronomic traits that revealed significant under analysis of variance. Maximum percent of mid-parent (240.34%), better parent (220.85%) and standard heterosis of 18.79% were detected for grain yield. Crosses of L1 x L4, L1 x L5 and L2 x L4 showed significant heterosis over the best two standard checks for grain yield.