Developmental toxicity of carbon black oil in mice (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019
Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have found altered adult health outcomes in animals with prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting activity. This study aimed to examine potential metabolic health outcomes following a preconception, prenatal and postnatal exposure to a mixture of 23 UOG chemicals. Prior to mating and from gestation day 1 to postnatal day 21, C57BL/6J mice were developmentally exposed to a laboratory-created mixture of 23 UOG chemicals in maternal drinking water. Body composition, spontaneous activity, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance were evaluated in 7-month-old female offspring. Neither body weight nor body composition differed in 7-month female mice. However, females exposed to 1.5 and 150 µg/kg/day UOG mix had lower total and resting energy expenditure within the dark cycle. In the light cycle, the 1,500 µg//kg/day group had lower total energy expenditure and the 1.5 µg/kg/day group had lower resting energy expenditure. Females exposed to the 150 µg/kg/day group had lower spontaneous activity in the dark cycle, and females exposed to the 1,500 µg/kg/day group had lower activity in the light cycle. This study reports for the first time that developmental exposure to a mixture of 23 UOG chemicals alters energy expenditure and spontaneous activity in adult female mice.
The Impact of Crude Oil on Reproduction in Wistar Rats.
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014
Most rural communities of the Niger Delta rely on river water for drinking, but due to numerous oil spillages, these rivers have become polluted with crude oil. This research was designed to determine the possible effect of crude oil on reproduction in Wistar rats. A total of fifty virgin Wistar rats weighing on the average 185g were involved in this experiment and were divided into five groups(A,B,C,D and E), each having ten rats made up of five males and five females. In each group male and female rats were housed separately. In group A, the male rats were treated with 60mg/kg/day of crude oil dissolved in drinking water after and normal rat chow ad libitum, the female rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group B, the female rats were treated with 60mg/kg/day of crude oil dissolved in drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum, the male rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group C, the male rats received crude oil contaminated as drinking water and were normal rat chow ad libitum, the female rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group D, the female rats received crude oil contaminated as drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum, the male rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. Group E served as control and were fed normal rat chow and water ad libitum. Treatment lasted for seven weeks after which the rasts were allowed to mate, the female rats were examined in the morning for sperm plugs and this was used to determine the first day of pregnancy. After mating the male rats were sacrificed semen analysis was done and testes was harvested for histology, while female rats were maintained with tap water and rat chow throughout the period of pregnancy after which the liter size and liter weight, the gestation period and number of surviving pups after one week were noted the female rats were then sacrifice and ovaries harvested for histology. Data obtained was analyzed using the student’s t test and ANOVA. Result showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in sperm count and motility of treated groups. There was also significant (p<0.05) reduction in liter size, liter weight and percentage pup loss in treated groups. Histological findings revealed distortions in the architecture of the testes and ovaries of treated rats. We conclude therefore that crude oil adversely affected reproduction in wistar rats.
Reproductive Toxicity Study of Clarified Slurry Oil in the Rat
Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 1995
Clarified slurry oil (CSO, CAS #64741–62-4; also termed carbon black oil), a residual product from the fluidized catalytic cracker in petroleum refining, has the potential to be absorbed through the skin. The reproductive toxicity of CSO in male and female rats was evaluated by the topical route of exposure. CSO was administered dermally to male rats at dosages of 0 (vehicle), 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day for 70 days before a cohabitation period with untreated female rats. CSO was administered also to female rats at the same dosages for 14 days prior to a 7-day cohabitation period and continuing until Day 0 of gestation (day spermatozoa was present in a smear of the vaginal contents or a copulatory plug was observed in situ). The dosage volume in both experiments was 1 ml/kg, adjusted on each day of dosage based on individual body weights recorded immediately before application of CSO. Under the conditions of these experiments, the paternal no-observable-adverse-effect-level (N...
International Journal of Toxicology, 2013
Petroleum (commonly called crude oil) is a complex substance primarily composed of hydrocarbon constituents. Based on the results of previous toxicological studies as well as occupational experience, the principal acute toxicological hazards are those associated with exposure by inhalation to volatile hydrocarbon constituents and hydrogen sulfide, and chronic hazards are associated with inhalation exposure to benzene and dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds. The current assessment was an attempt to characterize the potential for repeated dose and/or developmental effects of crude oils following dermal exposures and to generalize the conclusions across a broad range of crude oils from different sources. Statistical models were used to predict the potential for repeated dose and developmental toxicity from compositional information. The model predictions indicated that the empirical data from previously tested crude oils approximated a “worst case” situation, and that the ...
The Impact of Crude Oil on Reproduction in Wister Rats
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014
The impact of crude oil on reproduction in wistar rat was examined.A total of fifty virgin wistar rats weighing on the average 185g were involved in this experiment and were divided into five groups(A,B,C,D and E), each having ten rats made up of five males and five females. In each group male and female rats were housed separately. In group A, the male rats were treated with 60mg/kg/day of crude oil dissolved in drinking water after and normal rat chow ad libitum, the female rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group B, the female rats were treated with 60mg/kg/day of crude oil dissolved in drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum, the male rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group C, the male rats received crude oil contaminated as drinking water and were normal rat chow ad libitum, the female rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. In group D, the female rats received crude oil contaminated as drinking water and normal rat chow ad libitum, the male rats received tap water and rat chow ad libitum. Group E served as control and were fed normal rat chow and water ad libitum. Treatment lasted for seven weeks after which the rasts were allowed to mate, the female rats were examined in the morning for sperm plugs and this was used to determine the first day of pregnancy. After mating the male rats were sacrificed semen analysis was done and testes was harvested for histology, while female rats were maintained with tap water and rat chow throughout the period of pregnancy after which the liter size and liter weight, the gestation period and number of surviving pups after one week were noted the female rats were then sacrifice and ovaries harvested for histology. Data obtained was analyzed using the student's t test and ANOVA. Result showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in sperm count and motility of treated groups. There was also significant (p<0.05) reduction in liter size, liter weight and percentage pup loss in treated groups. Hitological findings revealed distortions in the architecture of the testes and ovaries of treated rats. We conclude that crude oil adversely affected reproduction in wistar rats.
Developmental toxicity evaluation of unleaded gasoline vapor in the rat
Reproductive Toxicology, 2001
To evaluate the potential of unleaded gasoline vapor for developmental toxicity, a sample was prepared by slowly heating API 94-02 (1990 industry average gasoline) and condensing the vapor. The composition of this vapor condensate, which comprises 10.4% by volume of the starting gasoline, is representative of real-world exposure to gasoline vapor encountered at service stations and other occupational settings and consists primarily of volatile short chain (C4-C6) aliphatic hydrocarbons (i.e. paraffins) with small amounts of cycloparaffins and aromatic hydrocarbons. A preliminary study in rats and mice resulted in no developmental toxicity in either species. However, a slight reduction in maternal body weight gain in rats led to the selection of rats for this guideline study. Groups of pregnant rats (n ϭ 24/group) were exposed to unleaded gasoline vapor at concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, or 9000 (75% lower explosive limit) ppm equivalent to 0, 2653, 7960, or 23900 mg/m 3 , for 6 h/day on gestation days 6-19. All rats were sacrificed on gestation day 20. No maternal toxicity was observed. Developmentally, there were no differences between treated and control groups in malformations, total variations, resorptions, fetal body weight, or viability. The maternal and developmental NOAEL is 9000 ppm. Under conditions of this study, unleaded gasoline vapors did not produce evidence of developmental toxicity.
Prenatal developmental toxicity studies on fumes from bitumen in the rat
Reproductive Toxicology, 2021
The prenatal developmental toxicity of bitumen fume was tested by nose-only inhalation in the rat. The fumes for exposure were collected from the headspace of a storage tank filled with a bitumen corresponding in composition to an anticipated worst-case occupational exposure. The composition of these fumes was compared to actual paving site fumes to ensure its representativeness for workplace exposures. In a dose-range-finding study male and female rats were exposed to 0, 103, 480 or 1043 mg/m 3 of fume (as total organic mass), for 6 h/day during 20 days post conception (p.c.). Dose-related effects on body weight and lungs were observed in the mid-and high-dose groups. In the main study, dams were exposed to 0, 52, 151 and 482 mg/m 3 of fume, for 6 h/day during 19 days p.c. The maternal NOAEL was 52 mg/m 3. In the high-dose group treatment-related effects on body weight (gain), food consumption, lung weights, and histopathological changes in lungs and larynx were observed. In the mid-dose group only histopathological changes in the larynx and lungs were found. The NOAEL for prenatal developmental toxicity was 151 mg/m 3 based on reduced fetal weight in the high-dose group (482 mg/m 3). However, these changes are most likely a consequence of the maternal toxicity, in particular the reduction of maternal body weight gain by 26 % as compared to control. Nose-only exposure to bitumen fumes in concentrations up to 482 mg/m 3 from days 1-19 p.c. did not induce any significant fetal anomalies.
Nanotoxicology, 2012
Effects of maternal pulmonary exposure to carbon black (Printex 90) on gestation, lactation and DNA strand breaks were evaluated. Time-mated C57BL/6BomTac mice were exposed by inhalation to 42 mg/m 3 Printex 90 for 1 h/day on gestation days (GD) 8-18, or by four intratracheal instillations on GD 7, 10, 15 and 18, with total doses of 11, 54 and 268 mg/animal. Dams were monitored until weaning and some offspring until adolescence. Inflammation was assessed in maternal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 3-5 days after exposure, and at weaning. Levels of DNA strand breaks were assessed in maternal BAL cells and liver, and in offspring liver. Persistent lung inflammation was observed in exposed mothers. Inhalation exposure induced more DNA strand breaks in the liver of mothers and their offspring, whereas intratracheal instillation did not. Neither inhalation nor instillation affected gestation and lactation. Maternal inhalation exposure to Printex 90-induced liver DNA damage in the mothers and the in utero exposed offspring.