BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN MICE INOCULATED WITH OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN, LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES AND WHOLE CELLS OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA TYPE B: 2 (original) (raw)
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American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2013
Haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes is an economically important livestock disease in Asia including Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and hematological alterations in mice model inoculated with outer membrane protein, lipopolysaccharides and whole cells of Pasteurella multocida type B: 2. Two hundred healthy male mice of eight to ten weeks old were used in this study. The mice were divided into four equal groups of 50 mice each. Mice of group 1 were inoculated intra-peritoneal with 1.0 mL sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) pH7, group 2 were inoculated with 1.0 mL of 10 9 colony forming unit (cfu) of P. multocida B: 2. Mice of groups 3 and 4 were inoculated intraperitoneal with 1.0 mL of LPS and 1.0 mL of OMP, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the moribund animals and the biochemical and hematological parameters were assessed using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test. In the hematology, significant decreases were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. Increases were only observed in band neutrophils, eosinophils and plasma proteins in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the serum biochemistry, significant increases were observed in the treatment groups compared to the control group. Decreases were only observed in AP and albumin: globulin ratio. In electrolytes, significant increases were observed in chloride and calcium in the treatment groups compared to the control. In conclusion, all the immunogen group of mice showed changes in complete blood count and biochemistry profiles with some differences between the groups.
2013
The current study aims to investigate the Clinico-pathological responses of calves associated with the infections of Pasteurella multocida type B and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein immunogens. Alterations in the behavior of animals and pathological lesions observed following innate or experimental infections usually divulge extensive and detrimental changes in the clinical signs, organs and tissues of the animals afflicted with the disease. These alterations are imperative for Veterinary evaluation of herd health. Eight clinically healthy, non-pregnant and non-lactating Brangus cross heifers weighing 150±50 kg were used in the study. The heifers (n = 8) were divided into 4 groups of 2 calves per group. The control calves in group 1 were inoculated intramuscularly with 10 mL of sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Calves in group 2 were inoculated intramuscularly with 10 mL of 10 12 colony forming unit (cfu) of wild-type P. multocida and calves in group 3 were inoculated intravenously with 10 mL of LPS broth extract. Calves in group 4 were inoculated intramuscularly with 10 mL of OMP broth extract. All animals were observed for 48 h for clinical signs, changes in behavior and mortality pattern, including the time of death. The results divulged significant differences in the Clinico-pathological alterations. Calves inoculated with whole cell P. multocida type B: 2 showed a significant (p<0.05) increased in rectal temperature. The affected calves showed significant severe dullness (p<0.000) and significant rumen hypomotility (p<0.000) was also exhibited. The calves showed signs of hypersalivation at 14 h. There is no significant difference (p = 0.240) in pulmonary oedema in the Calves of group 2 compared to control group 1. Calves of group 4 also showed no significant difference in pulmonary oedema (p = 0.612) compared to control group 1. Calves of group 3 showed significantly moderate pulmonary oedema (p<0.000). All the three treatment groups showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the presence of inflammatory cells in the lung. All the three treatment groups showed significant (p<0.05) in the presence of degeneration and necrosis of cells in the lung. Calves of group 2 showed significantly severe haemorrhage (p<0.000) in the lung including groups 3 and 4 (p<0.000) respectively. Calves in group 2 showed significantly (p<0.000) mild thrombus formation. There is no significant thrombus formation in the lung of calves in groups 3 (p = 0.352) and 4 (p = 0.184) respectively. In conclusion, the pathophysiological changes in cattle will assist in the improvement of the vaccines and the vaccination methods that are currently employed in controlling this important disease in Malaysia.
BMC Veterinary Research
Background: Pasteurella multocida B:2 causes haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes. However, buffaloes are found to be more susceptible to the infection than cattle. Upon infection, the pathogen rapidly spread from the respiratory tract to the blood circulation within 16-72 h, causing septicaemia. So far, limited study has been conducted to evaluate the response of endothelial cells of buffalo towards P. multocida B:2 and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural changes in the aortic endothelium of buffaloes (BAEC) following exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its endotoxin. The endothelial cells were harvested from the aorta of healthy buffaloes and were prepared as monolayer cell cultures. The cultures were divided into 3 groups before Group 1 was inoculated with 10 7 cfu/ml of whole cell P. multocida B:2, Group 2 with LPS, which was extracted earlier from 10 7 cfu/ml of P. multocida B:2 and Group 3 with sterile cell culture medium. The cells were harvested at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h postinoculation for assessment of cellular changes using transmission electron microscopy. Results: The BAEC of Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated moderate to severe endothelial lysis, suggestive of acute cellular injury. In general, severity of the ultrastructural changes increased with the time of incubation but no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the severity of the cellular changes between Groups 1 and 2 was observed in the first 18 h. The severity of lesions became significant (p < 0.05) thereafter. Both treated Groups 1 and 2 showed significantly (p < 0.05) more severe cellular changes compared to the control Group 3 from 6 h post-inoculation. The severity reached peak at the end of the study period with score 3 for Group 1 and score 2.8 for Group 2. Conclusions: This study revealed that both whole cells P. multocida B:2 and LPS endotoxin showed similar moderate to severe cellular damage, but whole-cell P. multocida B:2 appeared to be more potent in causing much severe damage than LPS alone.
Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 is responsible for major animal diseases of economic importance in both developed and developing countries. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) could inflict devastating effects on blood tissues and organs in the host animal. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the haematological and clinico-pathological responses in mice following oral inoculation of graded doses of Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 and its lipopolysaccharide. Sixty healthy Balb c mice were placed in twelve plastic cages each one containing five mice. The mice were divided into three major groups (A, B and C). Group A is the control group (n=10) and these were inoculated with 0.4 ml of PBS pH 7.4 orally. The treatment groups (B; n=25 and C; n=25) were inoculated with P. multocida type B: 2 and its lipopolysaccharide respectively. The mice in group B and C were further divided into five subgroups. The subgroups were designated based on the graded doses as B10 1 , B10 3 , B10 5 , B10 7 and B10 9 for Pasteurella multocida and C10 1 , C10 3 , C10 5 , C10 7 and C10 9 for LPS respectively. The mice were observed for 120 hours post-inoculation. The clinical signs (Ruffled fur, Ocular discharges, Level of alertness and Laboured breathing) were significantly different (p<0.001) in mice inoculated orally with variable doses of Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 and its LPS. RBC, PCV, haemoglobin concentrations, PT, APTT, Thrombocyte, WBC, Lymphocytes, monocytes, plasma proteins, band and segmented neutrophils were significantly different (p<0.0001) in mice inoculated with graded doses of Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 and its LPS. Inflammatory cells, degeneration, necrosis and congestion were significantly different (p<0.0001) in mice inoculated with graded doses of both Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 and its LPS. In conclusion, 10 9 cfu of Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 and its lipopolysaccharide have devastating effects on organs and blood tissues.
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research, 2001
The changes in some factors of the innate immunity (phagocytosis, complement, lysozyme); haematological parameters-leukocytes, erythrocytes, differential white blood cell counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit and the serum concentrations of the microelements zinc and iron in six 2- to 3-months-old female piglets after the intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 were determined. It was found out that 1 h after the administration of lipopolysaccharide at the dosage rate of 10 microg/kg body weight resulted in a decrease in the phagocytic parameters, i.e. the phagocytic number and the index of phagocytic activity, which was followed by an increase in their values between post treatment hours 2 and 4. The leukocyte counts had decreased by hour 2 after the injection, but thereafter increased, and at post treatment hour 72, a leukocytosis was observed. The differential white blood cell counts were characterized by a shift to the left between hours 2 and 4...
Vet. Méx, 2003
The variations of peripheral blood T CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes, IgG anti-Anaplasma antibodies (Abs) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in sera and complete blood culture (CBC) from bovines experimentally infected or not with the same Anaplasma marginale isolate were evaluated. Seven 12 to 14 month old bovines were used. Four (Group I) were inoculated intravenously with 1 × 108 parasitized erythrocytes (PE)/animal, which contained the A. marginale Morelos isolate, at day 0, and with 2 × 10 8 PE, at day 60; while the other three (Group C) were not infected. Peripheral blood samples and sera were collected from all animals to evaluate packed cell volume (PCV), percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PEP), T CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes by cytofluorometry as well as Abs and IFN-γ by ELISA. In Group I, the maximum average PEP was 5.2% at day 31 postinfection (p.i.), while the PCV reached an average of 6% at day 46 p.i. Following reinfection (r.i.), the PEP was 0 and the PCV was normal. The values of CD2+ were similar in both groups during the study; however the CD4+ and CD8+ values in Group I dropped significantly (P < 0.05) at day 45 p.i., later reaching similar values to those of Group C. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in fluorescence intensity (FI) in CD2+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from Group I r.i. (days 62 and 83), with respect to the FI obtained in lymphocytes from Group C, was observed. Abs levels in infected bovines increased above the basal values and those of the control animals, beginning at day 51 p.i. Similarly, IFN-γ levels in sera and CBC supernatant from infected bovines were significantly higher (P < 0.05), particularly after reinfection, than those from the noninfected animals.
Alterations in Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters
Mastitis is a widespread disease of the dairy goats associated with alterations in the physical, chemical, pathological and bacteriological quality of milk and glandular tissues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of clinical mastitis on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Sahel Goats in Nigeria. Twenty six Sahel goats with clinical mastitis and ten normal goats taken as the control group were used for the study. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein for hematological and biochemical analysis. A significant increase (p<0.05) in neutrophil count and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were observed in the goats with clinical mastitis. However, changes observed in the total red blood cell count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentrations were within the normal reference values. Serum levels of Na + , Cland HCO 3 -were significantly lower (p<0.05) in Sahel goats with clinical mastitis compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, globulin and serum K + concentrations in the Sahel goats with clinical mastitis compared to the control group. The alterations observed in the hematological and biochemical parameters in the Sahel goats with clinical mastitis could be due to altered quality of milk as a result of the physical, pathological, bacteriological and glandular changes.
IODINATING ABILITY OF VARIOUS LEUKOCYTES AND THEIR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY
Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1973
A major function of mammalian phagocytes such as the tissue macrophage and circulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) 1 is to ingest and kill invading microorganisms. Recently considerable data have been presented in the literature to clarify the linkage between the metabolism of the phagocyte and the killing of the ingested microorganism. The metabolic perturbations that accompany the process of phagocytosis in PMN include a cyanide-insensitive respiratory burst and an increased production of H20,. Work in our laboratory (1) has indicated that a flavoenzyme, insensitive to cyanide and found in human and guinea pig PMN, might be responsible for the alterations in metabolism associated with phagocytosis, by promoting the oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen to yield H202 (2). A seminal study linking leukocyte metabolism and killing is that of Klebanoff (3), who showed that human and guinea pig PMN are capable of fixing iodine (provided as iodide) covalently to ingested bacteria. This reaction employs H20:,~ and is a function of the activity of the myeloperoxidase of the lysosomal granules of the PMN. The system has since been found to exhibit a marked toxic activity toward bacteria, fungi, and viruses (4-6), and is clearly linked to the respiratory changes in phagocytizing PMN noted above.
European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has today become a major public health threat. Despite several ongoing clinical trials, there is as yet no specific treatment for this disease. This study evaluated the effects of 3 polyherbal mixtures (CoV-1, CoV Pla-2 and CoV Pla-3) on some electrolyte and haematological parameters in laboratory animals. The parameters evaluated were PCV, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC, WBC, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts, including Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, K+. Treatment was per oral with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for the 3 polyherbal mixtures. Control group had 0.1 mL of distilled water per oral. The extract was safe up to 5000 mg/kg. An insignificant (P>0.05) decrease in RBC was observed at all doses except for 200 mg/kg for CoV Pla-3 which was significant (P<0.05) compared to control. When compared to control, an insignificant increase in the mean lymphocyte values in all extracts was observed. WBC in CoV Pla-1 and CoV Pla-3 increased, compared to control, a...