The Persian Documents of the Matenadaran about the Armenian Merchants of Agulis in XVII century (original) (raw)

EPISODES OF THE ARMENIAN TRADE IN WRITTEN SOURCES

The studied issue is not the detailed exposition of the economical or the political situation of some epoch. An important problem is considered to be a citation from the bibliographical sources, which is a key fact for a more detailed study of the image of merchant, trader and the process of trade itself. The works of Herodotus, Stabone, Arab and Armenian bibliographers as well as the works by European merchants and travelers can be mentioned, which presented the trader-merchant himself or the process of trade directly or indirectly. It is certainly connected to the fact, that in ancient epochs trade ways were being crossed in Armenia and Armenians had a great investment in later development of the world trade. For example, the fact, that both in Ottoman Empire and in Russia Armenians were famous for being competent people, people who had an influence on the flourishing of country’s economics, can be highlighted. Studying trade and the merchant class in the written sources of various epochs, a very famous researcher V. Zombard can be singled out, who wrote about trade and noted that there are nations who can be named as nations-merchants, as the history of their whole life was connected to the trade.

AGULIS ON THE CROSSROADS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE THROUGH CAUCASUS IN 17TH-18TH CENTURIES

AGULIS ON THE CROSSROADS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE THROUGH CAUCASUS IN 17TH-18TH CENTURIES, 2021

Agulis was an Armenian old settlement in Naxiǰevan province, mentioned in sources since 11th century. The 17th-18th century history of Agulis is well attested in contemporary Armenian and foreign sources: travel-notes of European authors, Ottoman Turkish and Persian documents. Many issues of its history are considered within researches on the history of Armenia as well as Safavid and Afsharid states of Iran. Yet many problems of the 17th-18th century history of Agulis still need a careful investigation, which may be supplemented on the basis of the data contained in the unstudied archive documents of the Matenadaran. One of the problems researched in the article is the status of the settlement as a khāṣṣ estate during the rule of Qarā Quyūnlū Iskandar and later Safavid period. This status has been considered by the authors as a reason for the survival of the settlement during forced migrations of the people of Transcaucasus and Naxiǰevan organized by shah 'Abbās I. The later growth of the settlement to a trade-economic centre and populous town in Naxiǰevan is discussed on the basis of historical sources, and with the consideration of existence of an Armenian kalāntar in late 17th century and the beginning of 18th century. The article considers the trade ties of local merchants with Ottoman, Russian and European states, and their importance for the economic development of the town. The existence of a major group of Armenian Catholics there and the state of the town's Apostolic eparchy in Safavid period, the situation there during Nādir Shāh's rule and its decline after the attacks of Āzād Khān Afghān in 1752-1754 are among the issues elucidated in the article.

Yvette Tajarian and Greta Gasparyan, Armenian merchants of New Julfa as a channel of penetration of European Art into Iran in the Safavid Age

Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2023

The report will briefly touch the preconditions and the role of Armenian merchants of New Julfa in the inter-cultural relations of Iran with Europe from the point of view of architecture, miniature painting, ethnography, traditional costume, lifestyle, etc. Then it will focus on the process of Westernization of traditional Iran started under the rule of Safavids' (1501–1736) and connected with the trade activities of the Armenian merchants. As a result of these activities, a blend of Armenian, European, and Iranian art occurred, serving as the foundation for new western and eastern decorative iconographic innovations reflected in the frescoes of The Holy Savior Cathedral and St. Bethlehem churches in New Julfa, in the khojas’ mansions․ The influence of European art was also reflected in the Armenian manuscripts illustrated in New Julfa. The Armenians moved to Isfahan, during the rule of Shah ‘Abbās I, imitated the manuscripts they brought with them from Armenia, but created their own, new style, reflected in the manuscripts copied in New Julfa. The interaction of Armenian, European and Iranian art is evident in the miniature iconography, illustrations, color combinations and other details of some manuscripts copied there. The paper will consider some of these peculiar features on the example of the manuscript N 7639 (Matenadaran collection), the patron of which is the famous khoja Avetik

The Armenians in the Iranian space during Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Richard Hovannisian (dir.), Armenian Communities of Persia and Iran, Collection « Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces », Costa Mesa, CA, Mazda Publishers , 2022

This article analyzes the Armenian presence in the Iranian world from the origins until 1258, as well as the interactions between the two peoples.

SOME REMARKS ON THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ARMENIA, GEORGIA AND THEIR NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IN 11TH – 13TH CENTURIES

Short Contents of the Papers of the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the 900th Anniversary of the Battle of Didgori, Tbilisi, Georgia, 2021, 2021

The presented study seeks to analyze the economic life of Armenia, Georgia, and their neighboring regions, to show the fate of commerce and Transcaucasian transit trade routes passing through this region in between the 11th and 13th centuries, and to analyze both the impact of Seljuk invasions and the transformation of trade and economic life under Seljuk dominion. The chronological framework of the study is from the second half of the 11th century to the beginning of the 13th century, that is, from the establishment of Seljuk Turk rule until the start of the Mongol conquests in the region. It is worth noting that while this issue has a lot of scholarly interest; it’s also quite difficult to research. In order to get a general picture of the fate of commerce, trade routes, economic situation and its changes during that period, first it is necessary to put together the little information available in Arab-Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Byzantine, and other written sources and compare them with numismatic and archaeological data.

Adontz, Armenia and Iran in Late Antiquity

Travaux et Mémoires 26 , 2022

BHG Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca, 3 e éd. mise à jour et considérablement augmentée, Bruxelles 1957. BHO Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis. Bruxelles. BMGS Byzantine and modern Greek studies. Leeds. BSl. Byzantinoslavica : revue internationale des études byzantines. Praha. BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African studies. London. Byz. Byzantion : revue internationale des études byzantines. Wetteren-Leuven.

The Armenian Materials in the Guerguerian Archive

2018

The Krikor Guerguerian Archive, which was prepared by Guerguerian as an effort to lay the groundwork for scientific research on the 1915 Armenian Genocide, contains a generous number of rich Armenian sources. These materials, however, are strewn across various different folders and files and are not systematically cataloged whatsoever. Therefore, despite its richness and variety, this archive is fairly difficult to navigate. The paper is a general overview of the Armenian language materials of the archive.

On an Account of Arrian concerning Armenia in the Achaemenid Period, Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, Volume 2, No 2; Special Issue: Ancient Iran and the South Caucasus; edited by Yousef Hasanzadeh and Helen Giunashvili, 2024, Pages 63-67.

Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, 2024

The history of Armenia during the destruction of the Achaemenid Kingdom is fragmentarily presented in extant sources, which do not allow forming a complete picture of the history of Armenia. In this regard, Arrian’s account of the 2nd century AD refers to the participation of Armenians in the Battle of Gaugamela, which took place in 331 BC. This data has sparked controversy in Armenology, and it is not an isolated exception. The mention of Armenian involvement in the Battle of Gaugamela is important in the sense that after two hundred years of Achaemenid rule, Armenia regained its independence and conducted independent politics in international relations. The Arrian’s account is also important in identifying Orontes and Mithraustes, who led the Armenians.