Nutritional constituents of the seeds of the African pear, Dacryodes edulis (original) (raw)
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Toxicants and physicochemical characteristics of the seeds of African black pear (Dacryodes edulis)
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2010
This experiment investigated the antinutrients content and functional properties of the seeds of African black pear (Dacryodes edulis). The study derived its importance from the environmental problem posed by the seeds of this highly cherished fruit. The aim of the project was to determine through empirical means the possible recycling potential that might be inherent in the seeds of the African black pear. Three seed varieties of the same sample categorized as Small (S), Medium (M) and Large (L) were used for this study. Standard experimental protocols were employed in the estimation of all indices. Data obtained indicate that the seed samples contained phytic acid: 12.13 + 1.14; 12.37 + 1.82 and 13.37 + 0.65g/100g sample on dry matter basis (DMB), respectively for Small, Medium and Large. Trypsin inhibitory activities (TIA) were determined as 546.67 + 30.55; 520.00 + 20.00; and 473.33 + 23.10g/100g sample on DMB in the same order, respectively. High amounts of oxalate 0.24 + 0.02 g-1 100g for Small; 0.35 + 0.03 g-1 100g for Medium and 0.37 + 0.03 g-1 100g for Large while tannins were also found to be (5.07 + 0.14; 5.16 + 0.08; 5.02 + 0.16)g-1 100g for Small; Medium; and Large, respectively in the seeds. Water and oil absorption capacity as well as foam capacity and bulk density for all the samples did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The Medium seed flour, however, showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values in emulsion activity (40.82 + 1.52)% and foam stability (6.20 + 0.33)% as compared to foam stability of the Large seed (5.80 + 0.08)% variety. It may, therefore, be concluded from the strength of this novel results, that the seeds of Dacryodes edulis contained high amounts of phytic acid, oxalate, TIA and tannins. Physicochemical data on the other hand suggest the seeds of Dacryodes edulis to have valuable functional attributes of industrial interest.
European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety
The pulp of Dacryodes edulis is eaten raw, cooked or roasted by West and central Africans. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition, type, variation and distribution among different accessions of D. edulis purchased from different locations of Eastern Nigeria, using GC-MS data. The results showed that D.edulis is rich in ω-3,6,9 unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids namely, pentadecanoic, tetradecanoic (myristic), tridecanoic, hexadecanoic (palmitic), undecanoic and octadecanoic (stearic) acids were common to all accessions. Unsaturated fatty acids identified in the four accessions included, Oleic, linoleic, linolenic, linoelaidic and several other polyunsaturated fatty acids including brassidic and vacennic acids, and 19,19-Dimethyl-Eicosa-8,11-dienoic acid (6.83±0.37%) a derivative of oleic acid which was found only in Nsukka samples. Two novel polyunsaturated fatty acids namely; Methyl,9,12-Heptadecadienoic acid and 2,6,10,14-Hexadecatetraenoic a...
Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences
The nutrients and chemical contents of Persea americana, Dacryodes edulis, and Canarium scheinfurthi fruits and partial characterization of their seed oils were carried out to ascertain their nutritional benefits. The fruit pulps were analyzed for chemical (proximate) composition, amino acids profile, vitamins, and phytochemical and anti-nutritional compositions. Oils were extracted from the fruit seeds and the physico-chemical properties of the seed oils were determined according to the standard protocols. The results showed that the fruit pulps contained an abundance of macro- and micro-nutrients which varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the varieties with low anti-nutrients. The essential amino acid contents were high and varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the varieties. Glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid had the highest concentration of the amino acids, while the concentrations of methionine and cysteine were low in all the varieties. The results also revealed h...
Physico-chemical properties of Safou (Dacryodes edulis) fruits grown in Côte d’Ivoire
Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2016
Objectives: Dacryodes edulis is tropical multipurpose tree, which produces fruits for human consumption. Unfortunately, this fruit grown in Côte d'Ivoire is still unknown to the public and is the subject of very few studies. The present study aims to characterize D. edulis fruits starting from their morphological to chemical properties. Methodology and Results: Ripe fruits were collected from 3 sites (CNRA-Azaguié, Azaguié-Blida and Grand-Morié). The morphological characteristics measured (weight, length, diameter and pulp thickness) and identified 2 Ivorian safou varieties: D. edulis var. edulis and D. edulis var. parvicarpa. The proximate composition was as follow: moisture (43.02-46.80%), protein (18.66-20.20%), lipid (48.39-52.66%), ash (0.83-1.40%), crude fibre (2.70-3.13%), carbohydrate (14.66-17.82%) and vitamin C (3.06-3.36%). Based on the mineral analysis, the results showed that the most abundant mineral was calcium (531.31-1337.02 mg/kg), followed by potassium (552.39-646.05 mg/kg), zinc (130.48-136.18 mg/kg), sodium (51.54-108.01 mg/kg), magnesium (23.13-73.18 mg/kg), manganese (25.96-26.86 mg/kg) and iron (4.91-8.67 mg/kg). Most of high levels of nutrient content were observed in D. edulis var. edulis. Conclusions and application of findings: Dacryodes edulis fruits are potential source of essential nutrient for Ivorian people and its oil could be used to develop cosmetic products.
Proximate and Physicochemical Analysis of the Fruit and Oil of Avocado Pear
Communication in Physical Sciences, 2018
Physicochemical analysis of the flesh, skin, seed and oil from avocado pear purchased from markets in Mowe Ogun State was carried out using standard procedures. The result of the proximate analysis of the fruit showed that the crude protein ranged from 4.03 ± 0.04 % (flesh) to 3.40 ± 0.09 % (seed), the carbohydrate content was found to be highest in the seed 18.69 ± 0.09 % while the skin had the highest ash content (0.53 ± 0.01 %). Phytochemical screening detected the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids and steroids in all the three parts, while saponins and alkaloids were detected only in the skin and seed. Analysis of the oil showed the flesh having the highest iodine value (68.27 ± 1.59g/100g) and an acid value of 0.561±0.00 mgKOH/g. The results of the proximate analysis show the three parts of the avocado fruit contain valuable nutrients which can be used as food. The presence of the various phytochemicals is an indication that this fruit may have some medicinal benefits. With acid, peroxide and iodine values which fall within the recommended range the oil from the avocado flesh a be used both for domestic and industrial purposes
The phytochemical, vitamins and proximate composition of D. edulis at different stages of maturation were investigated. Fully matured but not darkened, half darkened, and fully darkened D. edulis samples were used. The results obtained for phytochemical composition showed that flavonoids (0.67 ± 0.27 – 2.42 ± 0.32 mg/100g), alkaloids (0.42 ± 0.13 – 1.50 ± 0.25 mg/100g), saponins (0.21 ±0.04 – 1.29 ± 0.41 mg/100g), tannins (3.10 ± 0.11 – 5.78 ± 0.67 mg/100g), cyanogenic glycosides (0.03 ± 0.02 – 0.05 ± 0.00 mg/100g) ,and oxalate (1.34 ± 0.91 – 4.97 ± 0.24 mg/100mg).Those for vitamins revealed that thiamine (0.95 ± 0.53 – 0.26 ± 0.06mg/100g), riboflavin (0.23 ± 0.11 – 1.69 ± 0.21 mg/100g), niacin (0.17 ± 0.02 – 0.93 ± 0.19mg/100g), ascorbic (0.07 ± 0.81-002 ± 0.00mg/100g), and tocopherol (0.29 ± 0.16-0.90 ± 0.46 mg/100g) while proximate content showed the presence of moisture (26.12 ± 0.16 – 32.10 ± 2.10 %), crude protein (5.13 ± 2. 39 – 8.25 ±1.12 %), lipid (31.52 ± 10.75 – 37. 31 ± ...
Asian Journal of Biology, 2017
Dacryodes eludis and Garcinia kola are two plants amongst others that are rightly regarded as underutilized. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the seeds and testas of G. kola and D. eludis for the presence of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and anti-nutrients. The analyses were done using standard techniques and the resulting replicate readings subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for significance. The results of the proximate composition revealed that both seeds and testas of the studied plants were very rich in nutrients. The moisture content was more in
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2005
The date (Phoenix dactylifera L.), a high-energy fruit, is regarded as a popular food commodity for thousands of years in Egypt, the Arabian Gulf peninsula and its neighboring region. The aim of present study is to characterize the biochemical and nutritional values of constituents of the Egyptian date fruits. Date palm fruits contain a variety of B-complex vitamins B1, B2, Nicotinic acid and vitamin A. the date palm extracts contains 13.80 % moisture and 86.50 % total solid. Ash and Crud fibers contents were 2.13 and 5.20 respectively. Protein, carbohydrates and lipids contents were 3.00%, 73.00% and 2.90 % respectively. The low level of lipids content 2.90% compared with its content of sugars means that, the date palm is save to heart and blood patients because its containing a very low level of fatty acids and cholesterol. HPLC analysis of sugars content showed that, the carbohydrate content consists of a large amount of glucose, fructose and sucrose, The protein pattern on SDS-PAGE showed that, most of proteins in the date palm are a high molecular weight proteins between 80 and 135 KD and contained a minimum levels of the LMW proteins less than 55 KD. Date Palm contained high concentration of Aspartic acid, Proline, Glycine, Histidine, Valine, Leucine and Arginine, but low concentration of Threonine, Serine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine and Lysine and very low concentration of Alanine. The date palm fruits provide unique functional and nutritional values. Numerous health benefits beyond its nutritional value have been associated with consuming date palm fruits to enrich nutrition values of different kinds of food.
Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Cactus Pear Seed Compared with Cotton and Grape Seed
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2010
Cactus pear is a drought tolerant crop with low agronomic requirements and high water use efficiency. The fruits contain a large number of seeds. The seed of 11 commercial cactus pear cultivars were analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. The oil content was relatively low, with a very low palmitic acid content of between 11.4 and 15.9%, considerably lower than that of cotton oil. Linoleic acid content varied between 61.4 and 68.9%. The a-linolenic acid of all the cultivars was less than 1%. The oleic acid content varied between 12.4 and 16.5% (lower than that of cotton seed). Unsaturated fatty acids made up about 80% of all fatty acids. Therefore, although the oil content of the seed was relatively low, the fatty acid composition indicates that it has potential as an oil for the health market.