Assessment of phenotypic plasticity of spruce species Picea abies (L.) Karst. and P. obovata (Ledeb.) on provenances tests in European North of Russia (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2016
The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of the variability of wood density and annual growth of Norway spruce growing in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The material consisted of 21 trees which were cut between 600 m and 1200 m asl from southwest and northeast expositions of the mountain Dovshka. The ovendry and relative wood density increased from the bottom (630 m asl) to the top (1190 m asl) of the mountain and was related to increasing number of tree rings in 1 cm, whereas the width of annual rings decreased expressively. Three significant categories of altitude (forest types) of Norway spruce timbers were estimated for the mountain forest stands. The highest average ovendry wood density (413 kg m-3) and number of tree rings in 1 cm (17.1) were characterized by spruce trees growing at the wet rocky bilberry spruce forest (above 1000 m asl). Wood density and annual growth are two variables which were significantly correlated with each other and the altitude (R = 0.5-0.6).
Forests
In the present study, the following features were investigated: the variability of selected macrostructure features (width of the annual growth ring and share of latewood) and wood density of the European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in a cross-section of the trunk. The study was conducted in locations of the northeastern range (12 research plots) and the southwestern range (20 research plots) of spruce in Poland. On the testing plots, Pressler drill borehole samples were taken from 15 selected trees. Then, the borehole samples were divided into 2 cm long sections and, for each section, the average width of the annual growth ring, the average share of latewood, and the relative wood density were calculated. In conclusion, it was found that the width of the annual growth rings in the tested material was increasing constantly from the outer circumference (the perimeter) of the trunk towards the pith. The greatest share of latewood was found not only in the perimeter zones of the t...
Adaptation of Norway spruce populations in Europe: a case study from northern Poland§
New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 2017
Background: The productive potential of European species of forest tree assumes particular importance in the context of populations adapting to accelerating climatic change. Genotype-environment interaction (G × E) was studied to determine Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. (Norway spruce) inter-population variation, characterising their adaptability to the growing conditions in northeastern Poland. The data were analysed from 22 populations evaluated in four experimental sites based on 5-year height. To identify best-adapted as well as specifically adapted populations, GGE biplots were performed. Findings: Analysis of multi-environment trial (MET) data revealed significant differences between four experimental sites, as well as interactions between populations and sites. However, it proved possible to identify specifically adapted populations achieving high values for the trait at specific sites only, although some performed relatively well across several sites. Conclusions: The productive potential of the Norway spruce populations in northeastern Poland is associated with specific adaptation of given populations to growth conditions at the experimental sites. However, in the set of populations studied can also be found some capable of average but stable growth in all experimental sites.
Variation of morphological characters of Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) in Turkey
BIOLOGIA-BRATISLAVA-, 2004
Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L. LINK) is one of the most considering species distributed along Colchis sector of Euro-Siberian geophytological region the world. The tree taxon is mostly used in reforestation in the Northeast Black Sea Region of Turkey. However, a few data is available about its intra-specific variation and adaptability. To study the pattern of natural variation of Oriental spruce, 25 populations taken from natural stands in Turkey were compared based on phenotypic variation of cone, seed and wing morphology, and two geographic parameters (altitude and watershed). ANOVA showed that the morphological characters differed in the populations. Also, the cluster modelling performed on morphological characters suggested that geographic parameters (watershed and altitude) exhibited different groups.
2017
The paper investigates the biometric characteristics natural Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) regeneration in the Kaszuby Lake District, which is beyond the acknowledged Norway spruce range, with the natural regeneration in the Augustów Forest situated deep within the natural range, Warmia, at the edge of the natural range and in the West-Pomerania Lake District far beyond the natural range. For each region, four tree stands with similar light conditions on the forest floor were selected, including two cambisols and two brunic arenosols. All sites contained naturally regenerating spruces 16–17 years of age. The features of the forest stand and the biometric features of the saplings were determined for the selected stands on circular research plots. Altogether, the characteristicts of 400 saplings (100 in each region) were measured and analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. ANOVA with the Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to compare the features of forest st...
Forests, 2021
Picea abies L. Karst is undeniably one of the most important tree species growing in Slovakia. In addition to natural mountain spruce forests, monocultures planted in lower areas are also quite common. In this article, we analyze the climate–growth response differences between these two types of spruce stands in the context of local climate change consequences. The study area representing natural mountain spruce forests is located under Osobitá Mt. (Tatra Mountains, Slovakia), while the analyzed low-lying planted monoculture is situated near Biely kríž (Malé Karpaty Mountains, Slovakia). Temporal variation of the dendroclimatological relationships was expressed by the running Spearman correlation coefficient during the observed period 1961–2018. The results showed crucial differences in the dendroclimatological relationships between the selected study areas. For the natural mountain spruce stand, consistent, weak, and positive correlations to the temperature variables were typical, ...
Genetika
Serbian spruce (Picea omorika /Panc./ Purkyne) is rare and endangered tertiary relict and endemic species in the Balkan Peninsula. Its natural distribution is fragmented and restricted to western Serbia and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly in the canyon of middle course of the Drina river. Since the mid-19th century, the number and size of populations have been steadily decreasing accompanied by a decline in the number of mature individuals, endangering natural regeneration is endangered. The objective of this study is to determine variability within Serbian spruce (Picea omorika /Panc./ Purkyne) natural population in the canyon of the Milesevka river on the basis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of needles and, thus, to broaden knowledge on this rare and endangered species. Twigs with needles collected from all mature individuals that represent the population were used as material for the study. The following morphological and anatomical characteristics were me...
Foliar plasticity of hybrid spruce in relation to crown position and stand age
Canadian Journal of Botany-revue Canadienne De Botanique, 2000
This study examined the foliar response of putative hybrid Engelmann × white × Sitka spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) needles in relation to crown position and across three stages of development (15, 55, and 145 years). We focused on the morphological and anatomical response, and used physiological measures (photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) to emphasize the important relationship between structure and function. We found that needles from the upper outer crown position were adaptated to reduce stress from evapotranspiration. Trees from the 15-and 55-year-old stands generally responded the most, and trees from the 145-year-old stand responded the least. As they mature, these spruce trees may have reduced ability to adapt to their environment. Some of our results contradict what the literature considers "typical" for sun-shade dimorphism in temperate forests. For example, in all stands, sun needles were broader than shade needles and, in the two younger stands, sun needles were larger in area, not smaller, than shade needles. Also, in the youngest stand, stomatal pores were longer on sun needles than on shade needles. There were no definite patterns in stomatal spacing with regard to crown position. Our results are indicative of the strategies adopted to increase competitiveness in a resourcelimited environment. We suggest that, in the 15-year-old stand, neither water nor light is limiting; in the 55-year-old stand, both water and light are highly limiting; and in the 145-year-old stand, water is most limiting.
Stability-related parameters and their evaluation in a 17-year old norway spruce clonal test series
2003
Rooted cuttings of 40 different clones (genotypes) of Picea abies L. Karst were planted on 7 contrasting test sites (environments) in northern Germany. Various concepts on stability and genotype x environment interactions (GxE) have been discussed using height data at age 17 years. Several parametric and rank-based measures concerning GxE and stability were estimated; and the relationships among them along with the total height were determined. In addition, 5 different rank-based measures that combine both stability and performance of genotypes simultaneously have also been estimated. Although ANOVA tests showed significant G×E, rank-based nonparametric tests using S (m) statistics showed no significant differences among the clones in their interactive behavior. Overall evaluation of various stability-related parameters indicate that significant GxE interaction detected by F tests is quite small in proportion (1.92%), clones contributed 7% and sites 50% within the total variance. Th...
Geochronometria, 2012
The research was conducted in selected 80-to 110-year-old spruce stands in the southeastern part of the Českomoravská Upland at altitudes from 350 m a.s.l. to 465 m a.s.l. The regional standard tree-ring chronology shows very low increments for years 1974 . After 1992 there is a sharp rise in increments with a climax in 1997. Afterwards, increments gradually decrease, reaching minima in 2003 and 2008. The years with low increments were also confirmed by the analysis of negative pointer years when over 80% of the analysed trees responded by a sharp decrease in increment, mainly in years 1976 and 1992. We can usually find values of monthly precipitation or monthly temperature average which can explain or help explain these falls in the radial growth.