Study of the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Plasticized PVC Composites Containing Rice Husk Fillers (original) (raw)
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Composites Part B-engineering, 2014
This work is aimed to evaluate the properties in terms of structural applications of the fully biobased composites obtained at reasonable price, without additional and costly chemical modifications. The bio-polyethylene obtained from sugarcane ethanol (Braskem, Brazil) was filled with four different fillers (25 wt.%): wood flour, ultrafine cellulose powder, kenaf chopped fibres and microparticles of mineral tuff filler. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were tested, as well as the influence of soaking in water and temperature on tensile properties. The fracture surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscope. Low density, increase in stiffness, improved resistance to deformation on heat and thermal properties stabilization within the temperatures of usage were the main advantages of the biocomposites comparing to the neat biopolyethylene.
Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2021
The possibility of using plastic waste to manufacture hybrid bio-composite materials with the dry husk of Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) is investigated. The most polluted and unsustainable plastic waste is High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) due to its single-use, which decreases in quality if it is reused is selected. The mixtures chosen are local natural fiber and easy to find, potentially a preliminary study of a composites building material. Furthermore, to improve the tensile properties of this hybrid bio-composite material, an additional organic filler is used, such as rice husk (Oryza sativa L.) in a combination of 10%, 12%, and 15%. Samples for this study were processed using the hot press methods based on ASTM D882. Tested for tensile strength, modulus young, yield stress, and elongation is carried out to see an increase in the performance of the biocomposite material. The test results show that the best tensile properties are samples with 12% rice husk, resulting in excellent ...
Nano-SiO2 filled rice husk/polypropylene composites: Physico-mechanical properties
Industrial Crops and Products, 2011
In this research, reinforcing effect of hybrid filler including rice husk (RH), beech bark (BB) and nano-SiO 2 , in polypropylene has been investigated. In the sample preparation, four levels of filler loading were used for waste lignocellulosic materials (55-58 wt.%) and nano-SiO 2 (0-4 wt.%). In order to increase the interphase adhesion, polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride was added as a coupling agent to all the composites studied. The physical properties, viz. the thickness swelling and water absorption, and mechanical properties, namely, the tensile, flexural and notched Izod impact strengths, of the composites were determined. Generally, high amount of filler content in composites can lead to the reduction of interfacial adhesion between matrix polymer and filler, and it limits their applications. The results showed that while flexural properties and elongation at break were moderately improved by the increase in the amount of filler in the matrix, tensile and Izod impact strengths decreased dramatically. However, the composites had acceptable mechanical strength levels. The mechanical properties of composites filled with RH are generally greater than BB composites. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the composites increased with the increase in the filler loading, but to a negligible extent as compared with the wood-based composites and the solid woods. Nano-SiO 2 addition showed little positive effect on the mechanical properties. It can be concluded from this study that the used waste lignocellulosic materials are attractive reinforcements from the standpoint of their physico-mechanical properties.
Study of the Mechanical and Morphology Properties of Recycled HDPE Composite Using Rice Husk Filler
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014
WPCs are being used in a large number of applications in the automotive, construction, electronic, and aerospace industries. There are an increasing number of research studies and developments in WPC technology involving rice husk as fillers. This study investigated the effects of different compositions of rice husk (RH) filler on the mechanical and morphological properties of recycled HDPE (rHDPE) composite. The composites were prepared with five different loading contents of RH fibers (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) using the twin screw extrusion method. Maleic acid polyethylene (MAPE) was added as a coupling agent. Results showed that tensile and flexural properties improved with increasing RH loading. However, the impact strength of the composites decreased as the RH loading increased. SEM micrographs revealed good interfacial bonding between the fiber and polymer matrix.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/sugarcane Bagasse composites
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006
The clam shell (CS) waste was first modified by furfural and hydrochloric acid to prepare fillers FCS and ACS, which were then used as fillers in polypropylene (PP), as well as the commercial calcium carbonate (CC). These fillers were characterized and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analyzer, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurement. The mechanical and thermal properties of PP composites were investigated as well. XRD analysis indicated that the major crystalline phase of CC was calcite; of shell waste derived fillers, calcite and aragonite. The CC was fully hydrophobic, while the shell derived fillers were amphiphilic. Mechanical property studies showed that the incorporation of FCS played the role mainly of toughening the PP; of CC, CS and ACS, that of reinforcing. The optimum filler contents of CS, ACS and FCS could reach 5, 7 and 15 wt.%, respectively, to obtain a good balance between fracture toughness and stiffness of the PP composites. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) observation indicated that the inclusion of these fillers could promote the heterogeneous nucleation of PP.
Mechanical behavior of recycled polyethylene/piassava fiber composites
The use of natural fibers for reinforcement of thermoplastics (which are found in domestic waste) is desirable since it is based on abundant and renewable resources and can be ecologically correct. Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace (commonly known as piassava), a palm tree native of Amazon-Brazil, is cheap, easily found in Brazilian markets and the main component of home appliances and decorative goods. The subject of the present work is a study of mechanical properties of composites of recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE-r) reinforced with untreated, and treated (silane and NaOH) piassava fibers, in proportions varying from 0% to 20% and injection molded under fixed processing conditions. The influence of increasing amounts of piassava fibers and of surface treatment on the mechanical behavior of the composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical testing (tensile and flexure) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The topography of the fractured surfaces of tested tensile specimens of unfilled and filled recycled HDPE was also observed by SEM and correlated with the mechanical behavior. As the fiber content increases, the composites show a gradual change in the mechanical properties and in the fracture mechanisms. Composites with 15% and 20% of piassava fibers were found to exhibit the best mechanical performance.
Chemical, morphological, and mechanical analysis of rice husk/post-consumer polyethylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010
Natural fibers are widely used as plastic composite material reinforcements. In this work, composites of postconsumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with sisal fibers were prepared. PE and sisal fibers were chemically modified to improve their compatibilities, try to increase the hydrophobic character of the sisal fiber and hydrophilic character HDPE. Sisal was mercerized with a NaOH solution and acetylated and the PE was oxidized with KMnO4 solution. The chemically modified fibers were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR). The composites were prepared by extrusion of modified and unmodified materials containing either 5 or 10 wt% fibers. The morphology of the obtained materials was evaluated by SEM. The fiber chemical modification improves it adhesion with matrix, but not benefit were obtained with HDPE oxidation. Flexural and impact tests demonstrated that the composites prepared with modified sisal fibers and unmodified PE present improved mechanical performance compared to pure PE.
Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Filled with Wood Fibre, Rice-Husk, Bagasse
Polymers from Renewable Resources, 2010
The effects of various reinforcing fi llers in polypropylene have been studied. Composites containing different amounts (40, 50, and 60) of rice-husk (RH), wood fi bre (WF) and bagasse (BG) fi bres as the reinforcing fi llers with polypropylene were prepared using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples were characterized. In order to increase the interphase adhesion between the components, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride was added as a coupling agent to all compositions. It was found that the PP/WF composites had higher tensile and fl exural strength compared with other composites. Flexural strength and fl exural modulus of composites for all reinforcing fi llers were improved, and impact strength and tensile strain decreased with increased fi bre content. Water absorption of the composites increased with increased fi ber content. In this respect, PP/BG composites, among other composites, showed the highest level of water absorption. SEM observations showed that, up to 50 wt% of fi bres, more voids were formed in the composites which led to weak adhesion between the polymer matrix and the fi bres and as a result the products showed lower tensile strength. Thermal analysis of the composites fi lled with 50 wt% fi ber showed that better thermal stability was attained for PP/WF and PP/RH composites compared to their PP/ BG counterpart.
Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Ash/Polypropylene Composites
Polymer Journal, 1995
The technical viability of using rice husk ashes (RHA) as alternative fillers in polypropylene was studied. Three types of RHA, white rice husk ash (WRHA), black rice husk ash (BRHA) and amorphous rice husk ash (AMRHA) at 10-40wt% filler loading were investigated. The RHA composites were compounded by twin screw compounders and the mechanical properties of the composites evaluated. Incorporation of the RHA fillers increased the flexural modulus of the composites, particularly the BRHA composities. Modulus of the RHA composites were found to be in good agreement with theoretical values predicted by equation of Lewis and Nielsen. The increase in modulus was offset by lowering of the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact properties. Theoretical treatments of the ultimate tensile strength performed based on the model proposed by Nicolai and Nicodemo showed reasonably good agreement. The mechanical properties of the RHA composites were of comparable values with the prepared polypropylene composites filled with commercial Neu burg silica. Transformation of the crystalline RHA to amorphous RHA resulted in composites with improved tensile strength. No coupling agent was used in this study.
PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AGRO WASTE FILLED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BIO-COMPOSITES
The objective of the study was to characterize and compare flexural, impact, water absorption and thickness swelling properties of agro waste filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) biocomposites. The agro wastes utilized include corncob fiber (CCF), rice hull fiber (RHF), walnut shell fiber (WSF) and flax shive fiber (FSF). The composites were compounded by extrusion processing technique. The impact and flexural properties, diffusion coefficient and maximum moisture contents of the composites were investigated. Results indicated that the CCF/HDPE composites showed higher diffusion coefficient of 8.57 x 10-12 m 2 s-1 while the FSF/HDPE composites showed least diffusion coefficient of 3.14 x 10-12 m 2 s-1 compared to 7.64 x 10-12 m 2 s-1 for rice hull fiber and 7.97 x 10-12 m 2 s-1 walnut shell fiber composites. The RHF/HDPE composites showed higher values of thickness swelling of 12 %, while the FSF/HDPE composites showed the lowest value of thickness swelling of 0.5 % compared to 7% for CCF/HDPE and 6.45% for WSF/HDPE composites. The flexural modulus (MOE) and un-notched Izod impact strength increased with a decrease in flexural strength (MOR) of the composites compared to the neat HDPE. RHF/HDPE composites showed superior MOR of 22.5MPa. FSF/HDPE composites gave superior MOE of 3.0 GPa and WSF/HDPE composites exhibited superior un-notched Izod impact strength of 52.5 J/m. The study showed that agro filler sample load of 65 wt. % could be used in composite formulation with good result.