Challenges of Using Drones and Virtual/Augmented Reality for Disaster Risk Management (original) (raw)
Related papers
Frontiers in Virtual Reality
This study presents a systematic review of the literature on virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) used in disaster management. We consider the factors such as publication type, publication year, application domain, and technology used. We surveyed papers from 2009 to 2019 available in the Web of Science and Google Scholar database, and 84 research articles were selected for the review study. After an extensive review of the literature, it was found that the XR technology is applied extensively in computer simulation modeling, interaction techniques, training, infrastructure assessment and reconnaissance, and public awareness areas of disaster management. We found diverse advantages, opportunities, and challenges of XR usage for disaster management, which are discussed in detail. Furthermore, current research gaps in the field of XR technology for disaster management technology, which are needed to better support disaster management, are identified and ...
Development of Drone-Based Human Rescue Strategies Using Virtual Reality
Many advanced deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) methods have proven their efficacy in reconstructing the texture of super-resolution images (SR) from low-resolution images (LR). Nevertheless, the objective of achieving super-resolution (SR) reconstruction using Deep Convolutional Neural..., 2024
Despite the enormity of the tragedy, many cases can be saved in record time after accessing them and direct intervention. However, rescue teams may find intervention impossible or dangerous, mainly when major explosions or fires occur. After a disaster, commercial drones can be used to detect and search for survivors. They are controlled by iOS-installed Head Mounted Display (HMD) and virtual reality applications. This enables them to reach disaster areas, detect the presence of injured people, and pinpoint their locations. In this research, Artificial intelligence technologies, as represented by (Open CV Documentation) using PYTHON Code, are combined with Drone engineering capabilities to present robust virtual reality applications. The results demonstrated high accuracy in detecting the injured in the disaster area, complete immersion of the observer in the safe zone by default, and controlling the drone through HMD.
Drone Applications for Supporting Disaster Management
World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2015
Introduction: Besides the military and commercial applications of drones, there is no doubt in their efficiency in case of supporting emergency management. This paper evaluates some experiences and describes some initiatives using drones to support disaster management. Method: This paper focuses mainly on operational and tactical drone application in disaster management using a time-scaled separation of the application, like pre-disaster activity, activity immediately after the occurrence of a disaster and the activity after the primary disaster elimination. Paper faces to 5 disasters, like nuclear accidents, dangerous material releases, floods, earthquakes and forest fires. Author gathered international examples and used own experiences in this field. Results and discussion: An earthquake is a rapid escalating disaster, where, many times, there is no other way for a rapid damage assessment than aerial reconnaissance. For special rescue teams, the drone application can help much in a rapid location selection, where enough place remained to survive for victims. Floods are typical for a slow onset disaster. In contrast, managing floods is a very complex and difficult task. It requires continuous monitoring of dykes, flooded and threatened areas. Drone can help managers largely keeping an area under observation. Forest fires are disasters, where the tactical application of drone is already well developed. Drone can be used for fire detection, intervention monitoring and also for post-fire monitoring. In case of nuclear accident or hazardous material leakage drone is also a very effective or can be the only one tool for supporting disaster management.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Response to Natural Disasters
UAVs have received a great amount of attention in recent years, as businesses and organizations are becoming more familiar with new usages. With new technologies, such as collision avoidance sensors, dynamic gimbals, mapping softwares, UAVs can be really helpful in the context of a natural disaster and humanitarian crisis. Many non-governmental organizations and first response teams are looking for ways to include UAVs in their workflow. Additionally, many volunteer groups and open-source initiatives have shown that it is possible to obtain high quality results from collectively produced work. In this document, we’ll review applications and best-practices in the field of emergency response. While our research group specializes in drone-archaeology, we have a background in crisis management and we had the opportunity to volunteer during the April 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. One of the largest problems is lack of information about the location where the disaster occurred. Based on our research and our experience in the field, this paper attempts to provide guidelines to anyone who would like to use UAVs as part of their disaster response activities. Finally, we point challenges and areas of improvement on which volunteers, industry experts, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and first-response professionals should address.
The aim of this research is to provide disaster managers with the results of testing three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping, so as to add value to aerial assessments of flood-related needs and damages. The relevant testing of solutions concerning the real needs of disaster managers is an essential part of the pre-disaster phase. As such, providing evidence-based results of the solutions' performance is critical with regard to purchasing them and their successful implementation for disaster management purposes. Since disaster response is mostly realized in complex and dynamic, rather than repetitive, environments, it requires pertinent testing methods. A quasi-experimental approach, applied in a form of a full-scale trial meets disaster manager's requirements as well as addressing limitations resulting from the disaster environment's characteristics. Three-dimensional modeling and orthophoto mapping have already proven their potential in many professional fields; however, they have not yet been broadly tested for disaster response purposes. Therefore, the objective here is to verify the technologies regarding their applicability in aerial reconnaissance in sudden-onset disasters. The hypothesis assumes that they will improve the efficiency (e.g., time) and effectiveness (e.g., accuracy of revealed data) of this process. The research verifies that the technologies have a potential to facilitate disaster managers with more precise damage assessment; however, their effectivity was less than expected in terms of needs reconnaissance. Secondly, the overall assessment process is heavily burdened by data processing time, however, the technologies allow a reduction of analytical work.
2016
Over the past two decades, the impact of disasters has been devastating, affecting 4.4 billion people, resulted in 1.3 million causalities and $2 trillion in economic losses. Global climate change and worldwide instabilities have affected urban areas. In spite of all the technological advances, the impacts of natural and manmade disasters in urban areas represent an increasing challenge – therefore effective mitigation and emergency response strategies are pivotal. Concerning post-disaster reconstruction scenario, the most significant factor is accessibility to the disaster affected area and timely response based on best possible information available. Effective emergency response and sustainable post-disaster reconstruction are crucial and lie at the heart of disaster management agencies in almost every cautious country around the globe. The complex and multi-faceted processes of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction extend well beyond the immediate period of restoring basic se...
amirbakhtiary.ir
Immediately after a disaster strikes, agility and accuracy of the disaster relief action become essential factors in reducing the human cost of the incident. Unfortunately, during large scale disasters, the infrastructure becomes damaged, and using routine commutation and communication methods becomes difficult for Search And Rescue (SAR) efforts. Consequently Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play a very effective role in SAR by providing surveillance, monitoring, and temporary communication networks. This paper surveys a range of UAVs by first describing the applications of UAVs in disaster management, and then presenting the current methodologies pertaining to different aspects in the utilization of UAVs. These different aspects include types of vehicles and sensors used, the control structures that have been tested, and available solutions for the localization and mapping problem. The paper concludes by describing some of the experimental platforms currently under use.
Initial experiments on 3D modeling of complex disaster environments using unmanned aerial vehicles
2011 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, 2011
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has the potential to significantly improve the situation awareness of emergency first responders working at urban disaster sites. Having the characteristics of being small, lightweight and quickly deployable, UAVs offer the ability to fly over an urban disaster and provide intelligence to Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) task force efforts before precious operational resources are committed on the ground. In this paper we discuss our experience with using a small UAV to perform the task of creating a 3D model of a rubble pile's surface using commercial off the shelf (COTS) components in the form of an available UAV equipped with a modified video game sensing package.
Drone-Based Community Assessment, Planning, and Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development
Remote Sensing, 2021
Accessible, low-cost technologies and tools are needed in the developing world to support community planning, disaster risk assessment, and land tenure. Enterprise-scale geographic information system (GIS) software and high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery are tools which are typically not available to or affordable for resource-limited communities. In this paper, we present a concept of aerial data collection, 3D cadastre modeling, and disaster risk assessment using low-cost drones and adapted open-source software. Computer vision/machine learning methods are used to create a classified 3D cadastre that contextualizes and quantifies potential natural disaster risk to existing or planned infrastructure. Building type and integrity are determined from aerial imagery. Potential flood damage risk to a building is evaluated as a function of three mechanisms: undermining (erosion) of the foundation, hydraulic pressure damage, and building collapse due to water load. Use of Soil and...
Towards "Drone-Borne" Disaster Management: Future Application Scenarios
ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Information plays a key role in crisis management and relief efforts for natural disaster scenarios. Given their flight properties, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) provide new and interesting perspectives on the data gathering for disaster management. A new generation of UAVs may help to improve situational awareness and information assessment. Among the advantages UAVs may bring to the disaster management field, we can highlight the gain in terms of time and human resources, as they can free rescue teams from time-consuming data collection tasks and assist research operations with more insightful and precise guidance thanks to advanced sensing capabilities. However, in order to be useful, UAVs need to overcome two main challenges. The first one is to achieve a sufficient autonomy level, both in terms of navigation and interpretation of the data sensed. The second major challenge relates to the reliability of the UAV, with respect to accidental (safety) or malicious (security) risks...