AGE VARIATIONS AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN ADIPOSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION AMONG TRIBAL ADOLESCENTS OF KHARAGPUR, WEST BENGAL, INDIA DOI: …in progress (original) (raw)
Related papers
Anthropological Researches and Studies
Objectives. Although tribals constitute around 8.6% of the total population of India, detailed information on their body composition is scanty. Thus, our objective was to evaluate age variations and sexual dimorphism in adiposity and body composition among rural tribal adolescents of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 tribal adolescent boys and girls, aged 10-17 years of Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India. Height (kg), weight (cm) and skinfolds were measured following standard method. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was derived. Body composition measures including Percent Body Fat (PBF), Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat Free mass Index (FFMI) were computed using standard equations. Results. All the variables showed a significant age trend in both sexes. Age-combined significant sex differences existed in mean BMI and all body composition measures. Girls had significantly higher mean values of fat measures (PBF, FM and FMI) whereas boys had significantly higher mean values of non-fat measures (FFM and FFMI). In both sexes, age had significant correlations with BMI and the five body composition measures. Similarly, all body composition indicators were significantly correlated with BMI in both sexes. Conclusions. There were significant age and sex variations in body composition measures. Girls had significantly more fat mass whereas boys had more lean body mass. All body composition measures increased significantly with increasing age as well as BMI. Attainment of puberty could be a mediating factor causing these age variations and sexual dimorphism.
Anthropological Review
Childhood and adolescent obesity is a public health concern worldwide. However, little attention has been paid on status of overweight and body composition of Indian Bengali urban middle and high SES population. The objective was to determine the prevalence of overweight and body composition status by age and sex in children, adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 4194 unmarried school and college students (1999 males and 2195 females) aged 7–21 years belonging to the Bengali Hindu Population in Kolkata, India. The survey period was from 1999 to 2011. Anthropometry of participants were measured. Age and sex specific ≥85 percentile of body mass index (BMI) for children (<18 years of age) and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (≥18 years of age) for adults were used to define overweight. Fat percent, upper arm fat area (UAFA) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) were estimated. Simple linear regression was performed to check trend of changes with age. The overall pre...
Annals of Human Biology, 2010
Background: Information on growth status of a population is essential to establish the health status of the population and administer any health intervention programmes. Aims: The study aimed to examine growth patterns in body, fat and physiological traits during adolescence in the light of various hypotheses and other studies. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional data on a sample of 220 Rajput girls aged 11-17 years were collected from Theog tehsil, Shimla District in Himachal Pradesh. Results: Mean body height and weight increased by 11% and 45.5%, respectively, from age 11 to 17 years. The first marked growth in height took place between 11 and 12 years, while the maximum annual increment was witnessed between 13 and 14 years. ANOVA revealed significant differences in anthropometric traits between various adolescent age groups. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) decreased from 0.77 at age 11 to 0.72 at age 17 years to attain gynoid pattern of body fat. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased from 106.92 and 66.48 mm Hg to 111.74 and 72.89 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusion: Although the girls in the present study did not suffer from any severe malnutrition, they had lower dimensions than their Western counterparts when they entered the adolescence phase and also later on. In contrast to height deficits, increase in weight deficits was greater. There is no indication of any compensatory or catch-up growth during adolescence. The present study does not support the hypothesis that lower nutritional stage during childhood affects the timing of adolescent take-off, age at peak height and weight velocity. The data lend support to the hypothesis of saltatory patterns with intervening periods of stasis. BMI, %fat and FM were significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure but non-significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure.
Trends of body composition among adolescents according to maturation stage and body mass index
jpem, 2013
Background: Excessive increases in percentage body fat (%BF) according to sex may pose greater risks of chronic diseases. Objective: To evaluate trends of body composition according to sexual maturation stage and body mass index (BMI) of adolescents. Method: Data about weight, height, lean mass, fat mass, %BF, BMI and sexual maturation of 1345 private school students (685 girls) aged from 7 to 18 years were collected in 2001 and compared with data of 1450 students (750 girls) collected in 2010 in Campinas, Brazil. χ2-test, ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Obesity prevalence increased, and number of boys and girls with normal BMI (p=0.0183 and p=0.0041) decreased. Differences in the median values of the study variables according to time point and nutritional diagnosis were not significant, except for lean mass (p=0.0484) and height (p=0.0275) in B2 (Breast stage) and %BF (p=0.0324) in G5 (Genitalia stage). Conclusion: Body composi...
Online Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 2021
Human body can be quantified at several levels depending on the clinical concerns. Body composition holds utmost importance in the study of nutritional status and health, especially among adult individuals. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 adult individuals (aged 19-49 years) belonging to the Rajbanshi scheduled caste and residing near Siliguri town, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Height and weight were measured using standard procedures. Percentages of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscles (of whole body, trunk, arms and legs), body fat percentage and visceral fat percentages were measured using Omron Karada body fat analyzer. All the statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 23.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Sexual dimorphism was observed in all variables denoting body composition. There are pronounced body-segmental differences in body composition variables between males and females. The mean val...
2001
Sudi, K.; Mö ller, R.; Tafeit, E.; Weinhandl, G.; Borkenstein, M.H. (Graz) 46 Prediction Equations for the Determination of Body Composition in Children Using Bioimpedance Analysis Bunc, V. (Prague) 53 Whole Body Resistance Measured between Different Limbs and Resistance Indices in Pre-Adolescent Children Jü rimäe, J.; Leppik, A.; Jü rimäe, T. (Tartu) 61 Influence of Anthropometric Variables to the Whole-Body Resistance in Pre-Adolescent Children Jü rimäe, T.; Leppik, A.; Jü rimäe, J. (Tartu) 71 Relationships between Anthropometric Parameters and Sexual Maturation in 12to 15-Year-Old Estonian Girls Veldre, G.; Jü rimäe, T.; Kaarma, H. (Tartu) 85 A Century of Growth in Australian Children Olds, T.; Dollman, J.; Norton, K.; Harten, N. (Underdale) : Four-compartment model of body composition in children: Density and hydration of fat-free mass and comparison with simpler models. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:904-912. 7 Roemmich JN, Clark PA, Weltman A, Rogol AD: Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83:927-935. 8 Visser M, Gallagher D, Deurenberg P, Wang J, Pierson RN, Heymsfield SB: Density and fat-free body mass: Relationship with race, age, and level of fatness. Am J Physiol 1997;272:E781-E787. 9 Classey JL, Kanaley JA, Wideman L, Heymsfield SB, Teates CD, Gutgesell ME, Thorner MO, Hartman ML, Weltman A: Validity of methods of body composition assessment in young and older men and women.
Lean body mass and bone health in urban adolescents from northern India
Indian Pediatrics, 2017
Objective: To prepare percentile charts of lean body mass (LBM) among Indian urban children and adolescents; and to evaluate gender differences in LBM, and its relation with pubertal status. Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: School in city of Delhi, India. Participants: 1403 apparently healthy children and adolescents (826 boys) with mean (SD) age 13.2 (2.7) years. Outcome measures: Lean body mass assessed by dual energy absorptiometry. Results: Total and regional lean mass were greater in older age groups in both sexes. LBM showed rising trends up to the age of 18 years in boys, whereas it plateaued after the age of 15 years in girls. The age-associated increase in LBM was significantly higher in boys (130%) compared to girls (83%) (P<0.001). Total and regional lean mass increased with progression of pubertal staging in both genders. During pubertal development, LBM almost doubled (100% increase) from stage-2 to stage-5 in boys, as opposed to a 73% rise in girls (P<0.001). Total and regional lean mass and Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), serum 25(OH)D, total fat mass, and bone mineral content (BMC). Relation between LBM and BMC remained significant even after adjusting for age, fat mass and various biochemical parameters. Conclusions: Total and regional LBM rise with age and pubertal maturation in both genders, but more so in boys when compared to girls. LBM has direct bearing on BMC even after adjusting for age, fat mass and biochemical parameters.
Body mass index in children and adolescents according to age and pubertal stage
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Objective: To evaluate the dependence of body mass index (BMI) values on pubertal stage in subjects similar in age. Design, subjects and measurements: Height and weight were recorded cross-sectionally in school subjects from three provinces in central Italy. The subjects were subdivided into three groups: (1) 4271 school subjects (2125 males and 2146 females; 8.5 ± 15.5 y old), in whom the pubertal development was also recorded, were selected to subdivide BMI values according to pubertal stage and age; (2) 6345 females (10.5 ± 14.5 y old), who were asked whether or not they had had their ®rst menstrual period, were selected to subdivide BMI values according to age in pre-menarche and post-menarche girls, separately; and (3) 1919 females (10.5 ± 14.5 y old), who had presented their menarche within the previous 6 months, were selected to subdivide short-term postmenarche BMI values according to age. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of BMI varied according to age and pubertal stage. Kruskall ± Wallis test performed in subjects similar in age demonstrated that signi®cant differences existed among the medians of BMI values of subjects at different pubertal stages in 12 ± 14-y-old males (P`0.05), and in 11 ± 14-yold females (P`0.001). The difference also proved to be signi®cant between stage I and stage II (P`0.05) in 10-y-old females, but not in 10 ± 11-y-old males. The Kruskal ± Wallis test performed in subjects similar in pubertal stage demonstrated that signi®cant differences among the medians of BMI at different ages existed only in females at stages II and III. A signi®cant positive trend was observed in both genders according to pubertal stage for BMI values of subjects similar in age (z-test for trend, P`0.01). On the contrary, a negative age trend proved to be signi®cant in females at stages I (P`0.01), II (P`0.01) and III (P`0.001), but not in males when the subdivision of BMI was made according to age in subjects similar in pubertal stage. BMI values were signi®cantly higher in post-menarche girls as compared to pre-menarche girls similar in age (P`0.001). However, at partial regression analysis BMI values were in¯uenced by pubertal stage and, to a lesser extent, by age, but not by menarcheal status. An inverse association between short-term post-menarche BMI and age was observed, with the highest values in girls presenting menarche at 11 y of age (P`0.05). The negative trend was demonstrated at the z-test for trend (P`0.001). Conclusions: BMI values depend on pubertal degree of maturation, especially in girls. This in¯uence should be taken into account when BMI is evaluated in adolescents.
Bone mass of overweight affluent Indian youth and its sex-specific association with body composition
Archives of Osteoporosis, 2009
Summary The study assessed whether overweight is associated with better bone densities in healthy youth. It was observed that overweight individuals had better BMDs at the hip but not at other sites after controlling for the bone area. Lean body mass was an important determinant of BMDs in men, but both lean and fat mass were important for BMDs in women. Introduction The study assessed the relationship of overweight and obesity to the bone mass in young men and women consuming adequate calcium. Methods Bone and body composition parameters were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in overweight men (n = 74) and women (n = 77) in the age group of 20–35 years and compared with controls having normal body mass index (BMI). Biochemical parameters of bone metabolism were also assessed. Results After adjustment for whole body bone area, bone mineral densities (BMDs) at femoral neck and hip were significantly higher in overweight individuals when compared with controls. However, BMD at lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were not significantly different in the two BMI groups. Overweight women had lower vitamin D and higher parathormone levels than controls. Regression analyses indicated that height was an important determinant of BMD at most of the skeletal sites in both men and women. Lean body mass was an important determinant of BMDs in men, but both lean and fat mass were important for BMDs in women. Conclusion Overweight may be associated with better BMDs at the hip but not at other sites after controlling for the bone area. Body composition parameters may have sex-specific associations with BMD.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2005
South Asians have a muscle-thin but adipose body phenotype and high rates of obesity-related disease. Adult body composition may be predictable in early life. Anthropometric indexes of adult body composition were examined in relation to birth size and body mass index (BMI) during childhood. A population-based cohort of 1526 men and women aged 26-32 y in Delhi, India, who were measured sequentially from birth until 21 y of age were followed up. Adult weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. BMI and indexes of adiposity (sum of skinfold thicknesses), central adiposity (waist-hip ratio), and lean mass (residual values after adjustment of BMI for skinfold thicknesses and height) were derived. Mean birth weight was 2851 g. As children, many subjects were underweight-for-age (>2 SDs below the National Center for Health Statistics mean; 53% at 2 y), but as adults, 47% were overweight, 11% were obese, and 51% were centrally obese (according to...