Biofilm formation on dental materials (original) (raw)
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Oral biofilm formation and retention on commonly used dental materials: an update
Tropical Dental Journal, 2018
Bacterial plaque is a biofilm composed of microbes, organic and inorganic components attached to the soft and hard tissues of oral cavity. Dental plaque is the primary cause of periodontal diseases including gingivitis and periodontitis, dental caries, peri-implantitis, and stomatitis. From an ecological viewpoint, the oral cavity undergoes a continuous introduction and removal of both microorganisms and nutrients. In order to survive in oral cavity, bacteria need to adhere either to the soft or hard tissues in order to resist disruption forces. Past 60 years of literature was searched with key words of plaque, plaque formation, biofilm, material properties and plaque formation, composites, amalgam, glass ionomer, ceramics and dental implants. Dental materials properties were reviewed in relation to biofilm adherence. A very briefly, mechanical and chemical methods of plaque control were reviewed. Recent developments of bioactive restorative materials were reviewed for their surface characteristics and its influence on biofilm formation. It is hoped that dental professionals would find this narrative review helpful for their routine clinical practice to render, ecological friendly restorative dental treatments and material choices to improve the quality of life of their relatively oral hygiene compliant patients' population. Résumé Formation et rétention du biofilm oral sur des matériaux
Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2006
Background: From an ecological viewpoint, the oral cavity, in fact the oro-pharynx, is an 'open growth system'. It undergoes an uninterrupted introduction and removal of both microorganisms and nutrients. In order to survive within the oro-pharyngeal area, bacteria need to adhere either to the soft or hard tissues in order to resist shear forces. The fast turnover of the oral lining epithelia (shedding 3 Â /day) is an efficient defence mechanism as it prevents the accumulation of large masses of microorganisms. Teeth, dentures, or endosseous implants, however, providing non-shedding surfaces, allow the formation of thick biofilms. In general, the established biofilm maintains an equilibrium with the host. An uncontrolled accumulation and/or metabolism of bacteria on the hard surfaces forms, however, the primary cause of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and stomatitis.
Characteristics of in situ oral biofilm after 2 and 4 days of evolution.
Quintessence international , 2015
Objective: To analyze the evolution of the thickness, bacterial vitality, covering grade, and the structure after 2 and 4 days of aging in "non-disturbed" plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm). Method and Materials: Twenty healthy volunteers wore a specific appliance. After 2 days half of the samples were removed from the appliance. Posteriorly, after bacterial vital staining, samples were analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In the first volunteer, one of the disks was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope. The same process was realized on the remaining disks after 4 days. Results: The thicknesses of the PL-biofilm after 2 and 4 days were not significantly different. The bacterial vitality changed significantly from 72.50 ± 15.50% to 57.54 ± 15.66% over time, which was in contrast to the covering grade (53.08 ± 18.03% and 70.74 ± 19.11%). The structure changed from an irregular surface and compact deepest layer with a high predominance of the coccus shape to a complex structure with voids in the deepest layer and a great proportion of bacillus-shaped bacteria. Conclusion: The PL-biofilm thickness remained practically constant, decreasing the bacterial vitality and increasing the covering grade over time. Regarding the structure, differences were principally bacterial disposition in the surface and bacterial shape. Clinically, the findings show that new control strategies for combating the oral biofilm should be focused on inhibiting bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces, which would reduce biofilm formation.
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2013
This study compared the levels of biofilm in maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and evaluated the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of yeasts, after using auxiliary brushing agents and artificial saliva. Twenty-three denture wearers with hyposalivation and xerostomia were instructed to brush the dentures 3 times a day during 3 weeks with the following products: Corega Brite denture dentifrice, neutral liquid soap, Corega Brite combined with Oral Balance (artificial saliva) or tap water. For biofilm quantification, the internal surfaces of the dentures were disclosed, photographed and measured using a software. For microbiological analysis, the biofilm was scrapped off, and the harvested material was diluted, sown in CHROMagar™ Candida and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Mandibular dentures presented a mean biofilm percentage (µ=26.90 ± 21.10) significantly greater than the maxillary ones (µ=18.0 ...
Comparison of Fungal Biofilm Formation on Three Contemporary Denture Base Materials
International Journal of Experimental Dental Science
Statement of problem: Modern polyamide 'flexible' denture base materials have increased in popularity for use in removable partial dentures in the last several years. The introduction of these newer products warrants investigation of their relative potential to develop fungal biofilms. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of three denture base materials to support fungal biofilm formation. Materials and methods: Specimens of two 'flexible' nylon type materials and one traditional heat processed, methyl methacrylate resin material were studied (both polished and unpolished surfaces). The specimens were coated with saliva and evaluated for fungal (Candida albicans) biofilm formation. The fungal biofilm mass formed on denture substrates were evaluated by dry weight analysis and by determining the number of viable fungal cells in the biofilm by MTT viability assay. Alteration in fungal metabolic function following the treatment of the biofilm C. albicans with nystatin and fluconazole was determined by XTT assay. Results: In general, the unpolished surfaces of the denture disks favored the fungal biofilm, the most being on polyamide specimen, Valplast. Significantly, less biofilm was formed on Duraflex and Lucitone surfaces. Biofim on C. albicans was also found to be resistant to antifungal agents. As compared to freshly incubated (grown) planktonic cells, biofilm fungal cells required significantly higher concentrations of nystatin and fluconazole in order to obtain 50% reduction in metabolic activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the differences in denture materials to support fungal biofilm formation, and also difference between polished and unpolished denture material surfaces. The results demonstrated that one of the polyamide materials (duraflex) had lesser potential to biofilm formation than the others. Clinical significance: Unfavorable tissue responses can ensue from the presence of fungal biofilms on dental prosthetics. Resistance to biofilm formation is a factor for dental materials in their selection and usage. This study helps to quantify, evaluate and compare biofilm formation on polished and unpolished surfaces of three commonly used denture base materials. The results of this study helped to identify materials, which may, therefore, be better indicated in clinical applications. Evaluations for the newer denture base materials, specific to these testing methods, appear to be novel in the scientific literature.
Biofilm Formation on Different Materials Used in Oral Rehabilitation
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the density and the morphological aspects of biofilms adhered to different materials applied in oral rehabilitation supported by dental implants. Sixty samples were divided into four groups: feldspar-based porcelain, CoCr alloy, commercially pure titanium grade IV and yttria-stabilized zirconia. Human saliva was diluted into BHI supplemented with sucrose to grow biofilms for 24 or 48 h. After this period, biofilm was removed by 1% protease treatment and then analyzed by spectrophotometry (absorbance), colony forming unit method (CFU.cm-2) and field-emission guns scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The highest values of absorbance and CFU.cm-2 were recorded on biofilms grown on CoCr alloys when compared to the other test materials for 24 or 48 h. Also, FEG-SEM images showed a high biofilm density on CoCr. There were no significant differences in absorbance and CFU.cm-2 between biofilms grown on zirconia, porcelain and titanium (p<0.05). Mi...
Materiale Plastice, 2019
The aim of this study was to compare the biofilm formation on three types of dental crown materials using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) driven bioluminescence as an innovative tool for the rapid chairside enumeration of oral bacteria and assessment of oral hygiene. The study group included 60 patients with fixed prosthodontics, made of three types of dental crown materials (BioHpp - Bredent, Ceramics - VITA VMK Master, and Zirconia - Vita In-Ceram) from which we have collected 60 specimen values using a luciferase-based assay system (system SURE II). The values of ATP were obtained with System SURE II device and statistically analyzed with Anova and Wilcoxon Test. The lowest value was shown for Zirconia, comparing with ceramics and BioHpp, but in time we have seen the increase of ATP for all three dental crown materials.
Analyses of biofilms accumulated on dental restorative materials
American journal of dentistry, 2009
To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the architectural arrangement of microorganisms in biofilm developed on the surface of different restorative materials: ceramic (C), resin composite (RC), conventional (CGIC) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGIC). Streptococcus mutans was used to develop a biofilm that adhered to the surfaces of the selected material disks in 30 days. The specimens were stained and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and COMSTAT. Among biofilm properties, mean thickness, total bio-volume, roughness coefficient and surface-to-volume ratio were investigated, as well as characteristics of the distribution and architecture of viable/nonviable cells in the biofilm. Only the mean biofilm thickness was statistically significantly different among the restorative materials tested. C and RC accumulated the thickest biofilms. Qualitative analysis showed cellular aggregates and fluid-filled channels penetrating to a considerable depth of the biofi...
Comparative Analysis of Different Chemical Methods for Removing Biofilm from Complete Dentures
Journal of Dentistry, Oral Disorders & Therapy
The aim of this study was to make a comparative evaluation of three chemical substances for cleaning complete dentures, as regards their efficacy of biofilm removal. The sample consisted of 20 maxillary complete dentures. The dentures were randomly divided into groups according to the chemical cleaning method to be used: Group 1-water (control), Group 2-sodium hypochlorite solution, Group 3-sodium perborate (Corega Tabs®) and Group 4-2% chlorhexidine. The groups were evaluated in terms of the quantity of biofilm before and after application of the chemical cleaning method by applying a revealer, and later, analysed by the Denture Hygiene Index (DHI). The results showed that only sodium hypochlorite solution was effective for biofilm removal. There was statistically significant difference among the groups, pointing out greater efficacy of the method used in Group 2 in comparison with Groups 1 and 4. Group 3 did not differ statistically from any other group evaluated. The results allowed to conclude that sodium hypochlorite solution is the most efficient chemical agent for removing biofilm from complete dentures. However, when used alone, all the tested chemical cleaning methods were incapable of eliminating all the biofilm from denture surfaces.