Interaction of Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 with Tunisian Montmorillonite clay and ability of the composite to immobilize Zearalenone in vitro and counteract immunotoxicity in vivo (original) (raw)
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Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2013
Background and aim: Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by numerous Fusarium species in pre-or post-harvest cereals. ZEN displays a potent estrogenicity in livestock and also causes severe immunological problems. The aims of this study were to isolate a new ZEN-degrading micro-organism for biological detoxification, to examine its ability to degrade ZEN in liquid medium, and to evaluate its potential for in vivo preventitive effects against ZEN (as would occur with contaminated feed)-induced immunomodulation in mice. Materials and methods: Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 (LP) isolated from Tunisian artisanal butter was found to display significant binding ability to ZEN in phosphate-buffered saline (i.e. 96.6%) within 24 h of incubation. The in vivo study was conducted using Balb/c mice that received either vehicle (control), LP only (at 2 Â 10 9 cfu/l, $2 mg/kg BW), ZEN alone (at 40 mg/kg BW), or ZEN þ LP daily for 15 d. Results: Compared to control mice, ZEN treatment led to significantly decreased body weight gains and decrements in all immune parameters assessed. The addition of LP to ZEN strongly reduced the adverse effects of ZEN on each parameter. In fact, mice receiving ZEN þ LP co-treatment displayed no significant differences in the assayed parameters as compared to the control mice. The exposures to the bacteria alone had no adverse effects in the mice. Conclusion: From these data, we conclude that LP bacteria could be beneficial in human and animals for protection against immunotoxicity from ZEN at high levels and during chronic exposures.
Current Microbiology, 2021
Feed contamination with naturally occurring mycotoxins is an unavoidable condition of significant concern in intensive productions. The presence of high concentrations of zearalenone >1 ppm in the diet can cause major reproductive disorders, particularly in swine. In order to reduce the consequences of intoxication, mycotoxin adsorbents are incorporated into feed. In the present study, zearalenone adsorption capacity of a lyophilized indigenous strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (L4; previously isolated from pig's rectal swabs) was first evaluated in vitro. A preliminary study in vivo was then performed in which the indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum strain was lyophilized and the powder obtained (L-L4) was incorporated into the diet of gilts two gilts received basal diet (control) and two received basal diet containing 2 g/kg L-L4 (treated). After an adaptation period, all the feed was contaminated with zearalenone at a dose of 0.93 mg ZEA/kg. Results from in vitro assay showed that L-L4 adsorbed 87.9% (SD 3.97) of zearalenone in 0.9% NaCl solution. In the in vivo exploratory study, higher daily weight gain and lower vulva area were observed in gilts that incorporated L-L4 to the diet. Additionally, higher zearalenone concentrations were eliminated in faeces from treated animals. The use of a product based on a lyophilized indigenous Lactobacillus strain to protect gilts from detrimental effects of zearalenone consumption has shown promising results so far. However, further studies are required in order to accurately assess its impact and evaluate doses according to different degrees of mycotoxins contamination.
Sequestration of zearalenone using microorganisms blend in vitro
Letters in Applied Microbiology
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by the Fusarium species and induces severe reproductive disorders in animals thus a major concern in the livestock industry. Probiotic bacteria treatments have been shown to inactivate mycotoxins, therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of two commercial probiotic feed additives on the sequestration of ZEN. Commercial probiotic blends containing clay-based binder with Aspergillus niger, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis at various proportions from BioMatrix International were incubated with ZEN in a time-dependent manner and then analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to quantify unbound ZEN. Sequestration of ZEN was further verified by using MCF-7 cell-based cytotoxicity and/or cell proliferation assays. ZEN, or probiotic mix, was nontoxic to MCF-7 cells. Probiotic blends decreased ZEN concentration by 45% (∼100 μg L−1) and prevented ZEN from inducing MCF-7 cell prolifera...
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2006
Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added alone or simultaneously with a toxic Zearalenone (ZEN) dose to balb/c mice and was evaluated for its ability to restore damages induced by ZEN. The latter is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium genera; it is mainly known to induce several toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on animals and humans. The experimental approach consisted of eight treatments of six mice each by 400 mg/kg bw or 5 g/kg bw of HSCAS. Two experimental groups have received respectively ZEN alone at 40 (8% of LD50) and at 500 mg/kg bw (LD50). Two other groups have received ZEN at 40 or 500 mg/kg bw combined respectively with HSCAS at 400 mg/kg bw and 5 g/kg bw. The control groups received water or olive oil. Forty-eight hours after treatment, blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical parameters measurements. ZEN treatment significantly increased hematocrit, ha...
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A , 2013
The sequestration/inactivation of the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) by two adsorbentsyeast cell wall extract (YCW) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)was studied in three laboratory models: (1) an in vitro model was adapted from referenced methods to test for the sequestrant sorption capabilities under buffer conditions at two pH values using liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector for toxin quantification; (2) a second in vitro model was used to evaluate the sequestrant sorption stability according to pH variations and using 3 H-labelled ZEA at low toxin concentration; and (3) an original, ex vivo Ussing chamber model was developed to further understand the transfer of ZEA through intestinal tissue and the impact of each sequestrant on the mycotoxin bioavailability of 3 H-labelled ZEA. YCW was a more efficient ZEA adsorbent than HSCAS in all three models, except under very acidic conditions (pH 2.5 or 3.0). The Ussing chamber model offered a novel, ex vivo, alternative method for understanding the effect of sequestrant on the bioavailability of ZEA. The results showed that compared with HSCAS, YCW was more efficient in sequestering ZEA and that it reduced the accumulation of ZEA in the intestinal tissue by 40% (p < 0.001).
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations (0, 10, 100, 250, 500, 1 000 µg/l) on growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in milk. The samples were incubated for 6 days at 22 and 30 °C (B. cereus and S. aureus) or at 6.5 and 22 ℃ (P. fluorescens), respectively. Counts of bacteria in milk were measured every 24 hours. Maximum counts of B. cereus after 144 h of incubation at 30 ℃ ranged from 7.00 to 7.78 log CFU/ml. The most significant effect of ZEA on B. cereus across the experiment was observed after 96 h of incubation at 22 °C and after 72 h at 30 °C (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). S. aureus maintained at 30 °C showed similar growth parameters as at 22 ℃ regardless of ZEA presence. The most significant effects of ZEA on S. aureus were after 120 h of incubation at 22 °C and after 72 h at 30 °C (P < 0.001). The growth of P. fluorescence at 6.5 °C was slower compared to growth at 22 °C. The most significant effect of ZEA between ZEA spiked and Z0 samples on P. fluorescence across the experiment was observed after 48 hours of incubation at 22 °C (P < 0.001).
Possibility of Application of Natural Zeolites for Medicinal Purposes
2020
This paper discusses the effects of natural zeolites (particularly clinoptilolite-containing tuffs from various deposits) on the living organism, both animal and human. It is shown that natural zeolites are harmless, have metabolism-normalising, bactericidal, immunostimulatory and antioxidative effects. They diminish mortality and morbidity with regard to many diseases and disorders affecting cattle, sheep and goats, swine and poultry. Hence it is rational to utilize zeolites in animal husbandry. They are used successfully in the treatment of different human diseases. Zeolite efficacy in gastroenterology merits particular attention. It is established that zeolites can be used both in human and veterinary medicine as biological active food additives (dietic additives), drugs, drug carriers, adjuvants in anticancer therapy and antimicrobial agents as well. The data fully substantiate the expediency of further research in terms of studying natural zeolites and their biological and medi...
Detoxification of zearalenone by Lactobacillus pentosus strains
Food Control, 2015
Zearalenone (ZEA) contamination in food samples plays a critical role in food safety, since it causes serious health problems. Usage of microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is a promising new approach for detoxification. Eight Lactobacillus pentosus strains were evaluated for their ability to remove ZEA from a sodium acetate buffer solution with initial ZEA concentrations of 5.51-74.70 µg/mL. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing ZEA concentrations. The strain JM0812 showed the highest adsorption capability, at 83.17%, in solution containing 74.70 µg/mL ZEA, followed by UM054 (82.78%) and UM055 (81.69%), respectively. Three adsorption isotherms were applied to predict the removal efficiency of ZEA and the Freundlich isotherm appeared to have the best-fit for ZEA sorption onto bacterial cells. Our results indicate that Lb. pentosus strains are novel promising strains to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food products.
In vitro binding of zearalenone to different adsorbents
Journal of food protection, 2005
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species. No treatment has been successfully employed to get rid of the ZEA contained in foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability (adsorptive power) of five adsorbents--activated carbon, bentonite, talc, sandstone, and calcium sulfate--to trap ZEA in vitro. Activated carbon was the best adsorbent, binding 100% ZEA (pH 3 and 7.3) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% dose levels. Bentonite, talc,and calcium sulfate were less efficient than activated carbon but still could bind ZEA to some extent. On the other hand, sandstone was inactive in the experimental conditions employed. Our results indicate that activated carbon could be a good candidate for detoxification of ZEA present in foods.