Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants Using Tissue Cultures Root cultures constitute a promising option for the production of medicinally (original) (raw)
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Deleted Journal, 2020
Plants are a tremendous source for the discovery of new products with medicinal importance in drug development. Several distinct chemicals derived from plants are used in various important ways. Secondary metabolites are economically important as drugs, flavor, dye, pesticides, and food additives. Plants produce the diversity of secondary metabolites which not only plays an important role in adaption according to the environment but also represents an important source of active pharmaceuticals. The possibility of altering the production of bioactive plant metabolites through tissue culture technology is one of the emerging fields of biotechnology to investigate and enhance the production of secondary metabolites. This enhancement through field cultivation has many defects such as slow growth and low and variable yield due to the environmental and biotic factors. Therefore, hairy root culture has been developed as a more efficient alternative biotechnological tool for secondary metabolite synthesis, regardless of environmental, seasonal, and climatic variations. In vitro hairy roots formed by genetic transformation have been efficiently utilized for the synthesis of higher levels of flavonoids due to their biochemical and genetic stability as well as their fast growth in media without phytohormones. The focus of the present review is a detailed assessment of research on rhizogenesis in different plants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the last twelve years particularly for the enhancement of secondary metabolites. The study reveals different techniques involved for rhizogenesis in different plants, compatibility trends of the desired gene, and modifications in the techniques during these years.
Therapeutic Agents from Tissue Cultures of Medicinal Plants
Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 2013
Plants are being the important continuous source of pharmacologically active compounds, with many blockbuster drugs being derived directly or indirectly from plants. Despite the current occupation with synthetic chemistry as a vehicle to discover and manufacture drugs, the contribution of plants to disease treatment and prevention is still enormous. However several challenges have been associated with supply of biologically active pharmaceuticals from natural sources. Alternative avenues for plant products have gained prominence during the past few years and plant biotechnology has a major role to play in plant based industries. Recently the production of secondary metabolites using plant cells has been the subject of extended research. Plant cell culture can be obtained from any plant species. In such culture, each cell has all genes necessary for all the functions of a plant including secondary metabolism. Different strategies can also be applied for the improvement of secondary metabolite production. A recent development to overcome the difficulties arising with cell suspension cultures is the genetic transformation of plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots have been found to be suitable for the production of secondary metabolites because of their stable and high productivity in hormone-free culture conditions. Plant transformed technology has now reached a platform of commercial reality. Here in this article we outline results of production of few bioactive secondary metabolites from in vitro cultures established in our laboratory.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2009
Plant cell and tissue cultures can be established routinely under sterile conditions from explants, such as plant leaves, stems, roots, meristems etc for both the ways for multiplication and extraction of secondary metabolites. Strain improvement, methods for the selection of high-producing cell lines, and medium optimizations can lead to an enhancement in secondary metabolite production. However, most often trials with plant cell cultures fail to produce the desired products. In such cases, strategies to improve the production of secondary metabolites must be considered. One of the main problems encountered is the lack of basic knowledge of the biosynthetic routes, and mechanisms responsible for the production of plant metabolites. Where the productivity of the desired metabolites is limited by the lack of particular precursors, biotransformation using an exogenous supply of biosynthetic precursors, genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering may improve the accumulation of compounds. Feedback inhibition of metabolic enzymes as well as inhibition of membrane transport can be eliminated by the accumulation of synthesized products in a second phase introduced into the aqueous medium. Organ cultures and in vitro biomass production often have sites of synthesis and storage of secondary metabolites in separate compartments. Elicitors, compounds triggering the formation of secondary metabolites, can be abiotic or biotic. Natural elicitors include polysaccharides such as pectin and chitosan, which are also used in the immobilization and permeabilization of plant cells. Immobilization with suitable bioreactor system provides several advantages, such as continuous process operation, but for the development of an immobilized plant cell culture process, natural or artifically induced secretion of the accumulated product into the surrounding medium is necessary. The present review highlights the nature, applications, perspective and scale up methods for the production of valuable secondary metabolites in vitro.
Bot. Bull. Acad. …, 2004
Plants are a tremendous source for the discovery of new products of medicinal value for drug development. Today several distinct chemicals derived from plants are important drugs currently used in one or more countries in the world. Many of the drugs sold today are simple synthetic modifications or copies of the naturally obtained substances. The evolving commercial importance of secondary metabolites has in recent years resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism, particularly in the possibility of altering the production of bioactive plant metabolites by means of tissue culture technology. Plant cell culture technologies were introduced at the end of the 1960's as a possible tool for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites. Different strategies, using an in vitro system, have been extensively studied to improve the production of plant chemicals. The focus of the present review is the application of tissue culture technology for the production of some important plant pharmaceuticals. Also, we describe the results of in vitro cultures and production of some important secondary metabolites obtained in our laboratory.
Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites by Using Biotechnological Tools
Secondary Metabolites - Sources and Applications, 2018
Plants are a remarkable source of high-value secondary metabolites with applications in various domains. Plant cell and tissue culture techniques appear as environmentally friendly alternatives for the production of secondary metabolites when natural supply is limited or chemical synthesis is unviable. In this chapter, the main advantages of using plant cell and tissue culture techniques for the production of plant secondary metabolites are presented as well as the different biotechnological approaches available to improve their production. In addition, the production of anticancer compounds (camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, taxol, vinblastibe, and vincristine) and metabolites from Lamiaceae spp. (phenolics as rosmarinic acid) were selected as examples to be highlighted. The study reviewed shows that undifferentiated cells are the preferred culture system used for the production of high-value secondary metabolites in vitro although there are many examples reporting the production in differentiated tissues particularly in hairy roots. Efforts have been made to scale up the production, and several strategies have been successfully applied to increase the production yields at the laboratorial scale. Nevertheless, there are only few examples of plant secondary metabolites production at commercial level, and further in-depth studies are still required.
Plant cell culture systems for the production of secondary metabolites : a review
2020
Plant cell culture systems represent a potential source of valuable secondarymetabolites which can be used as foodflavourants, colorants, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Environmental parameters that effect the cultivation of plants for the production of secondary metabolites include environmentalfactors, political and labour instabilities in the producing countries, uncontrollable variations in the crop quality, cropadulteration, and losses in post-harvest storage and handling. In most cases, the chemicalsynthesis of secondary metabolites is either extremely difficult or not economically feasible. The production of useful and valuable secondary metabolites from cellcultures is an attractive alternative to conventional plant cultivation techniques. Cell culture technology was developed asa possible tool to both study and produce plant secondary metabolites. Theevolving importance of the secondary metabolites has resulted in a high levelof interest in the possibi...
Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture as an Alternative System for Secondary Metabolite Production
Molecules
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds widely used as medicaments, food additives, perfumes, and agrochemicals. These secondary compounds are produced under stress conditions to carry out physiological tasks in plants. Secondary metabolites have a complex chemical structure with pharmacological properties. The widespread use of these metabolites in a lot of industrial sectors has raised the need to increase the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnological methods of cell culture allow the conservation of plants, as well as the improvement of metabolite biosynthesis and the possibility to modify the synthesis pathways. The objective of this review is to outline the applications of different in vitro culture systems with previously reported relevant examples for the optimal production of plant-derived secondary metabolites.
Plant secondary metabolites as bioactive substances for innovative biotechnologies
2021
Plants are natural sources of bioactive compounds, and the intensive use of wild plants to obtain them, in particular secondary metabolites, depletes natural biocenoses. Instead, modern biotechnological methods, especially cell and tissue culture in vitro, make it possible to get environmentally friendly, highly productive plant raw materials that are able to synthesize and accumulate specialized substances, which are valuable for pharmacology, cosmetology, and medicine. Regenerating in vitro-plants of different plant species such as Acorus calamus L., Phalaenopsis sp. were obtained in our research. It was proved that by changing the cultivation conditions it is possible to change the content of substances of secondary metabolites in explants and in the nutrient medium under aseptic culture.
International Journal of Pharmacognosy 4(11):352-362, 2017
Growing awareness and interest towards traditional heath care system coupled with phenomenal increase in demand and trade of medicinal plant has caused severe threat to the very existence of medicinal plants, which can be gauged from the fact that a number of important medicinal plants are becoming threatened or extinct and an increasing number of species are being substituted in herbal preparations. There is, therefore, a need to strike a balance between conservation and use.