Political Violence and Terrorism (original) (raw)
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On Terrorism and its Typologies
Security Dimensions, 2020
The article refers to selected aspects of knowledge about terrorism and its typology. The introduction explains the etymology of this concept and highlights the problem of diversity in the definition of terrorism. The next part cites several definitions of terrorism, which, in the author’s opinion, reflect the essence of this phenomenon. The difference between terrorism and terror, which are two terms that should not be used interchangeably, is also explained. The next part of the article illustrates the source of the problem which makes it impossible to agree on a commonly accepted definition of terrorism by giving an example of the wording of the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism. Then, the inherent feature of terrorism is explained, which is its asymmetry. The last part of the article concerns a typology of terrorism. It presents in a synthetic way various categories of terrorism, distinguished according to such criteria as: actors, motives, strategic (final) goals...
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This essay aims to establish the essential distinctions between terrorism and other forms of political violence. There are several forms of political violence, ranging from, but not limited to, guerrilla warfare/insurgency, civil war, genocide, pogrom, and riots. For the benefit of consistency, the essay focused specifically on distinguishing terrorism from insurgency and, occasionally, from genocide. The reason why is that there is a seamless distinction between these phenomena. Numerous factors can be taken into account when embarking on this intellectual exercise. Therefore, the essay shed light upon those factors that, as further as I can see, can better distinguish terrorism from other forms of political violence. The main argument of this essay is that terrorism depends on fear to be successful. Therefore, shock, brutality, fatality, and attention are crucial elements of it. Moreover, the direct victims of terrorism might be randomly selected, however, the attacks are meant to be symbolic enough to bring about spectacular results to gain political leverage.
Terrorism and its Lethal Imaginaries
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International terrorism as an instrument of political struggle and of injury to integrational law
Asian Journal of German and European Studies
International Terrorism happens since old ages, when it was classified as acts against the monarch. Only in modern age, it was classified as political crime committed against the State. However, despite the occurrence since ancient times, the topic gained practice importance in the International Agenda only after the international repercussion of September 11th. At this time, many researches described the political aspect of it, disregarding the economic scenario, especially considering the State interventionism that is taken to avoid economic chaos. Indeed, the State function is also discussed in order to understand how it may keep Social Welfare. This practice instils in collective perspective the association of terrorism with specific ethnic and religious groups, indirectly supporting a nationalist mentality that tends to be exploited by populist governments. This creates a bad view over resistant movements, in which are included the Third World Countries Movements, such as TWAIL...
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The purpose of this course is twofold-to learn about the academic literature on terrorism and to spur new ideas about how to enhance it. Substantively, we will focus on answering three unresolved questions about terrorism: (1) What are its consequences? (2) What are its causes? (3) What are the implications for counterterrorism strategy?
In the last decade, terrorism has been a constant of public opinion. In different regions of the world have arisen attacks whose main consequence has been the establishment of a globally condition of alarm. Newspapers, blogs and social networks have focused on the details of these events, exposing to society what terrorism implies. Since 9/11, continuing with the abductions of Boko Haram in Africa and executions perpetrated by ISIS, the international community became more aware of the implications of this phenomenon. Also, something that is being developed in parallel with the massive spread is the interest of the academy in deeply research the particular manifestations of this system of terror. Within these demonstrations can be considered state terrorism and cyber-terrorism, citing cases such as students Ayotzinapa and hacking of Sony Company, as examples respectively. The variations only demonstrate how wide is the topic and the potential benefits to be explored. Among its causes, effects, actors, and even between the same existing theories, are aspects that invite you to delve into its study to understand terrorism from a more critical perspective. April, 27th
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Terrorism has become a worldwide phenomenon in the 21st century. Acts of terrorism have threatened the human civilization and endangered the peace and the security of mankind. The purpose of this study is to analyze the acts of terrorism as a violation of human rights which will be reviewed from the legal and human rights perspective. The results of this study are show that the acts of terrorism violates the law and human rights at the international level and national level. Terrorism acts also violates the International Humanitarian Law which based on the Geneve Conventions 1949 where many people, civilian or military are the target of the terrorist attacks.
Terrorism - conceptualization and development
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Terrorism – conceptualization and development. The core of terrorism is systemic violence usage to terrify people and spread fear. Fear serves as a policy tool for terrorists. The definition of terrorism that would be widely acceptable is an issue for discussion. The existing definitions vary according following criteria: the amount of definition characters, the orientation of institutions backing those definitions and as well according individual scholars and their orientation. Development of terrorism from radicalism towards extremism is influenced by two accredited indicator groups: Terrorism as a state policy tool in the sense of defence against enemies was born during the Great French Revolution and as a tool of revolutionaries – intellectuals wanting to destroy the existing society. This was born in Russia during Tsarist regime. Anarchists – terrorists created first terrorist international. The point of view of the modern terrorism predecessors emphasizes the organizational st...
Defining terrorism: philosophy of the bomb, propaganda by deed and change through fear and violence
Criminal Justice Studies, 2004
The idea that 'one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter' has led to the erroneous conclusion that defining terrorism is, in the final analysis, a subjective activity about assigning negative connotations to one's opponents and positive connotations to one's proponents. Terrorism, both as practiced and justified by terrorist themselves, is a tool used to achieve a specific outcome by using force or violence on one segment of society with the primary goal of causing fear in the larger society to make change in that society. This article will review the historical development of the use of terror and demonstrate that regardless of the actor, all terrorists share the common belief that terror is a tool of change. The desired change, the chosen target, and the justification of the use of terror can be specific to the society and the perpetrators. The goal of this paper will be to show the common strands of uniformity of the understanding of terror as a tool of change through history. Though there are differences between terrorists and waves of terror, the utility of terror is not different.