Ensuring sustainable development of urban public transport: A case study of the trolleybus system in Gdynia and Sopot (Poland (original) (raw)

Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

Sustainability, 2020

Transport in cities is one of the most important sources of emissions. Electromobility is an essential element in the catalogue of activities of local authorities aimed at combating climate change. Over the years trolleybus transport has been characterised by both phases of development and regression and is still an essential component of zero-emission urban transport in about 300 cities worldwide. The development of electricity storage technology, especially in the form of a battery, has opened up new prospects for this mode of transport. A trolleybus equipped with a battery (in-motion charging technology) gains unique characteristics for operation independent of the catenary. This study presents the approach for assessing the development of in-motion charging for trolleybuses in all Polish cities operating this means of transport. A set of KPIs has therefore, been set and analysed. The analysis covers a comparison between 2014 and 2019, aimed at showing the development of technolo...

Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

Sustainability, 2021

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-ec...

Economic conditions to introduce the battery drive to busses in the urban public transport

Economic conditions to introduce the battery drive to busses in the urban public transport, 2016

For a few years attempts have been made to introduce electric-powered buses to public transportation system. In order to solve this problem rationally, in dependence of local public transport system conditions, models of technical, organizational, economic and ecological links enabling optimal choice of type of propulsion for particular bus line is developed. Technical solutions to enable fully electric busses should be evaluated whether they reflect the prerequisites and requirements of the participating public transport companies. The paper presents a method for evaluating transport system in accordance with the principles of cost-benefit analysis that allows to answer the questions related to the cost-effectiveness of the use of electric drive buses in urban public transport. The model can be used to analyse and design the services of urban public transport in terms of costs generated by the bus fleet equipped with various types of drive. The article presents procedures used to determine the costs used in the method of evaluation of the proposed solutions. The ultimate goal is to find the best technical solution for local public transport companies depending on their real input data (timetable, vehicle operation plan, etc.), which in most cases may mean minimising economic effects, like investment and operational costs.

New prospects for public transport electrification

2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion, 2012

The paper deals with a new class of trolley buses and trams that do not need a catenary (the first nor the rails), but offer the same energy and environmental benefits of traditional electric traction, well above those offered by thermal traction. Starting from the analysis of mission, defines storage characteristics and quick charging specifics, proceeds to a costbenefit analysis.

Potential of In-Motion Charging Buses for the Electrification of Urban Bus Lines

2016

Electric buses can help to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, pollutants and noise. One possible electric bus concept is the in-motion charger. As a combination of a trolleybus and a battery electric bus, the in-motion charger is able to operate relevant stretches in battery mode and therefore the amount of installed catenary wires can be significantly reduced. As a part of the German ‘Mobility and Fuels Strategy’ [2], the aim of the article’s underlying work was to identify possible applications for the in-motion charger. This included a comparison of the environmental and economic performance of the different traction systems of urban buses (in-motion charger, opportunity charger, overnight charger, fuel cell hybrid and diesel buses). The analysis focused on an urban bus line, running with articulated buses and is covering the whole lifespan of vehicles and infrastructure. The analysis showed that in a lifetime perspective all electric systems can significantly r...

Evolution of second-generation electromobility in public transport in Polish cities

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

Transport activities are a significant factor in environmental pollution, especially in cities. Therefore, measures aimed at electrification of public transport are particularly important. The aim of the paper is to present the origins, status and development dynamics of electromobility in Polish cities, especially the second generation of electromobility, i.e. vehicles that do not require continuous connection to the energy source. In practice the second-generation electric vehicles can be identified with battery-powered vehicles, hydrogen and hybrid vehicles. The study was prepared on the basis of an analysis of literature, industry documents or development strategies. In addition, a database of information on zero- and low-emission vehicles in public transport (i.e. electric and hybrid buses) was compiled to analyse the phenomenon. The study shows that the implementation of electromobility in Poland has already emerged from the initial phase. The possibilities for developing batt...

Energy recovery effectiveness in trolleybus transport

Electric Power Systems Research, 2014

Nowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. One of the possibilities to reduce energy consumption in urban public transport is to increase the extent of regenerative braking energy utilization. This can be achieved by its accumulation in the supercapacitors or a change in the topology of the power supply system in order to facilitate its flow. The article presents an analysis of applying these two options for increasing recovery energy usage on the example of the trolleybus network in the Polish city of Gdynia. For the purpose of the analysis there was used a simulation model of trolleybus traction power system based on the Monte Carlo simulation method. The research results and findings can be applied in other similar trolley or tram networks.

A Comparison of Metrobus System and Trolleybus System Considering Energy Costs and CO2 Emission: A Case Study for Istanbul

Recently, alternative energy based vehicles have drawn the attention of engineers specifically on the production of fully electric powered vehicles due to increased environmental awareness and fuel cost. As a result of difficulties in commercializing the vehicles, electric powered cars find an application area in public transportation. One of the solutions for public transportation is to use trolleybus system. This paper gives a comparison of Trolleybus system and existing Metrobus system in Istanbul, Turkey in terms of energy costs and CO2 emissions. The simulation results show that using Trolleybus system instead of Metrobus is much more economical based on the current prices. As for the emissions, the amount of CO2 for city centers and overall environment is evaluated.

The practice and application of transport electrification

2020

The transportation sector is responsible for large amounts of noise-and air pollution that are harmful to both man and nature. With a growing population that will increase the need for transport and lead to growing cities, it becomes vital to reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase the use of sustainable fuels in public transport. An alternative to the traditional diesel bus that is emerging is electric powered buses, which appear to be significantly more energy efficient and more environmentally friendly than their competitors. The implementation of electric buses has been ongoing at a slow pace and smaller scales, which is not enough to establish itself in today's market and leave an impression on cities. The main reason for this seems to be its financial strain and lack of strategies for how to effectively implement the transformation to electrification of the transport system. The purpose of this work is to investigate the benefits of electric buses, how electrification of the transport system will affect the infrastructure in cities and how feasible implementation of electric buses is from an economic, technological and institutional perspective. The report is finalized with a lifecycle cost analysis of an electrified bus line. The purpose and question in the report are answered through literature studies where information is obtained from high-quality scientific articles and reports.

Development of Trolleybus Public Transport in Gdynia as Part of a Sustainable Mobility Strategy

Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport, 2016

In many EU cities, trolleybuses are experiencing a period of revitalization. New lines, state-of-the-art designs, the use of auxiliary propulsion batteries, ecological values and other factors offer great opportunities for this kind of public transport as an effective tool to shape transport policy in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility. Gdynia is one of three cities in Poland with a trolleybus public transport subsystem. Since the beginning of political and economic transformation, Gdynia's authority consistently implements measures aimed at balancing urban mobility, above all by improving the quality of public transport services and creating conditions for the development of alternatives forms of transport to private car travel. The experience of the development of trolleybuses in Gdynia as an element of sustainable mobility, the nature of this means of transport in both economic and operation terms, the implementation of original technological solutions in the trolleybuses' construction and the impact on decision-making by marketing research are the areas of interest in this paper.