Ginger as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (original) (raw)
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Phytochemical 6-Gingerol -A promising Drug of choice for COVID-19
International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering , 2020
: Recently, a novel corona virus (COVID-19), identified as one of the acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS CoV-2) and emerged as a pandemic disease in Asia and European countries in 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current outbreak as a global public health crisis. Due to the variability in the amino acid and amino acid sequences, it does not develop suitable vaccines against the viral proteins. Hence, the inhibitor to be developed against the viral proteins of the corona virus is a promising idea to develop structure-based drugs from the photochemical compounds. Here, the novel drug was identified and well studied against the viral receptors by using the molecular docking technique. Phytocompound 6-gingerol possesses excellent drug likeliness with zero violations and very good pharmacokinetic properties with the highest binding affinity ranging from -2.8764 KJ/mol to -15.7591 KJ/mol with various COVID-19 viral protein targets. Our study reveals that 6-gingerol from ginger could act as a promising drug of choice to treat COVID-19.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 has emerged as a defining global health crisis in current times. Data from the World Health Organization shows demographic variations in COVID-19 severity and lethality. Diet may play a significant role in providing beneficial host cell factors contributing to immunity against deadly SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Spices are essential components of the diet that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Hyperinflammation, an aberrant systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and multiorgan dysfunction, is a major clinical outcome in COVID-19. Knowing the beneficial properties of spices, we hypothesize that spice-derived bioactive components can modulate host immune responses to provide protective immunity in COVID-19. This study emphasizes that biologically active components of spices might alleviate the sustained pro-inflammatory condition by inhibit...
European Journal of Medicinal Plants
Presently, our world is suffering with COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS- CoV-2. The high rate of mutation in SARS- CoV-2 helps viruses to become resistance against pre-existent anti-viral medications. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 infection except some vaccines. Curcumin, Allicin and Gingerol are natural bioactive compounds having anti-viral, anti-inflamatory, anti-pyretic, anti-fibrotic properties and were used as spices in food in South East Asian and Indian subcontinent that could be a potential treatment for COVID-19 disease. This review will help in understanding the biology and potential of bioactive compounds present in turmeric, garlic and ginger as therapeutic against COVID-19 infection. Computational study suggested that gingerol, curcumin, and allicin showed good interaction with proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor of host cell and might have an important role in impeding SARS-CoV-2 replication. Clinical trials hav...
Natural Products as A Promising Therapy for SARS COV-2; An Overview
Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512), 2021
Recently emerging pandemic SARS CoV-2 conquered our world since December 2019. Continuous efforts have been done to find out effective immunization and precise treatment stetratigies A way from therapeutic options that were tried in SARS CoV-2, an increased attention is directed to predict natural products and mainly phytochemicals as collaborative measures for this crisis. In this review, most of the mentioned compounds specially flavonoids (biacalin, hesperidin, quercetin, luteolin,, and phenolic (resveratrol, curcumin, and theaflavin) exert their effect through interfering with the action of one or more of this proteins (spike protein, papain like protease, 3 chymotrypsin like cysteine protease, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase) that are involved in viral life cycle beside the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds. The triterpenoids (celastrol, escin and glycyrrhizin) and the alkaloids (lycorine and cepharanthine) mediated their effect mainly through anti-inflammatory acti...
Role of herbal medicine for controlling coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19)(2021)
This review paper highlights the use of herbal medicine in the management of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has caused a worldwide outbreak of respiratory illness. This is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is zoonotic infecting both animal and human. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The Indian system of holistic medicine known as "Ayurveda" plays an important role in controling the viral disease SARS-CoV-2 and other health disorders. Dietary therapy and herbal medicine could be a complementary preventive therapy for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Plants have been used as a expression systems for the production of diagnostic reagents and pharmaceutical proteins often described as "molecular farming. On the basis of literature survy presented, some of the plant secondary metabolites that showed prominent antiviral activity against coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 through impeding the main machinery used in their pathogenesis and replication cycle. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigations revealed numerous plant-derived compounds with promising anti-SARS-CoV and anti-SARS CoV-2 activity. Therefore, this review gathered all antiviral plants in a single platform to facilitate the laboratory-based research for the development of novel drug/molecular therapeutics to overcome the SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemic situations. Further detailed clinical trial experiments should be conducted for the scientific validation.
Role of herbal medicine for controlling coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19)
This review paper highlights the use of herbal medicine in the management of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has caused a worldwide outbreak of respiratory illness. This is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is zoonotic infecting both animal and human. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The Indian system of holistic medicine known as "Ayurveda" plays an important role in controling the viral disease SARS-CoV-2 and other health disorders. Dietary therapy and herbal medicine could be a complementary preventive therapy for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Plants have been used as a expression systems for the production of diagnostic reagents and pharmaceutical proteins often described as "molecular farming. On the basis of literature survy presented, some of the plant secondary metabolites that showed prominent antiviral activity against coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 through impeding the main machinery used in their pathogenesis and replication cycle. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigations revealed numerous plant-derived compounds with promising anti-SARS-CoV and anti-SARS CoV-2 activity. Therefore, this review gathered all antiviral plants in a single platform to facilitate the laboratory-based research for the development of novel drug/molecular therapeutics to overcome the SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemic situations. Further detailed clinical trial experiments should be conducted for the scientific validation.
Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause the disease COVID-19, was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The objective of this review was to collate information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit coronavirus and targets associated with infection in humans and to highlight known drugs, which may have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Due to the similarity in the RNA genome, main proteases, and primary host receptor between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, a review was conducted on plants and secondary metabolites, which have shown activity against SARS-CoV. Numerous scientific reports on the potential of plants and secondary metabolites against SARS-CoV infection were found, providing important information on their possible activity against SARS-CoV-2. Based on current literature, 83 compounds have been identified with the potential to inhibit COVID-19. The most prominent selectivity was found for the alkaloid, lycorine, the lignan, savinin, and the abietane terpenoid, 8-beta-hydroxyabieta-9(11),13-dien-12-one with selectivity index values greater than 945, 667, and 510, respectively. Plants and their secondary metabolites, with activity against targets associated with the SARS-CoV infection, could provide valuable leads for the development into drugs for the novel SARS-CoV-2. The prospects of using computational methods to screen secondary metabolites against SARS-CoV targets are briefly discussed, and the drawbacks have been highlighted. Finally, we discuss plants traditionally used in Southern Africa for symptoms associated with respiratory viral infections and influenza, such as coughs, fever, and colds. However, only a few of these plants have been screened against SARS-CoV. Natural products hold a prominent role in discovering novel therapeutics to mitigate the current COVID-19 pandemic; however, further investigations regarding in vitro, in vivo, pre-clinical, and clinical phases are still required.
Antiviral Effects of Asian Natural Products Targeting SARS, MERS, and COVID-19
Coronaviruses, 2021
Viral diseases initiated by Coronavirus (CoV) have become the major public health problems worldwide in the last two decades. The recent emergence of the deadly COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 has created unprecedented pandemic situations around the globe making the need for antiviral molecules to treat it. Encountering the health conditions of the patients with synthetic molecules has shown some unpredictable results, including side effects. To face this complex situation, natural products can be good sources of enormous treatment options with fewer side effects. Wide diversity, easy availability, and a good number of scientific researches on Asian origin natural products can be a great tool to meet this critical situation. This paper reviews the currently available Asian natural products with potential antiviral effects on CoV. It includes the potential natural products of whole plant extract, partial plant extract, isolated pure compounds, and isolated pure set of compounds. Besides, the available information of in vitro and in silico from very recent papers are also summarized for the ease of future research. As a rapid search for a potential anti-CoV therapy is undergoing, Asian natural products will provide promising results but still, there are many challenges in front of us, including the robust in vitro assay to confirm the antiviral property, toxicity analysis, and fulfillment of regulatory needs. The use of appropriate natural products with the potential for a safe and more effective anti-CoV property requires multidisciplinary research with preclinical and clinical researchers, which will improve their clinical applications.
Arab Gulf journal of scientific research, 2022
Purpose: The novel coronavirus disease namely COVID-19 is a viral disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, by the end of 2019 and subsequently spread worldwide. The virus can be transferred through direct or indirect contact and leads to several manifestations; the most common are fever, dry cough, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). COVID-19 has caused massive human and economic losses, posing an ongoing threat. Understanding the current situation and developing a treatment which can be both safe and effective has become essential. In this regard, natural products could be an important resource in the development of treatment for COVID-19, as they have contributed to the treatment of other viruses in the past. This review aims to understand the cellular machinery of SARS-CoV-2 and to identify its drug targets. Methods: Emphasis has been given on the literature survey based on in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of natural products as anti-SARS-CoV-2. The important role of these compounds in boosting the immune system was also highlighted. Results: It was found that some natural products showed prominent antiviral activity against coronaviruses through impeding the main machinery used in their pathogenesis and replication cycle. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigations, several classes of secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenols, have the ability to disrupt the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 S protein and the ACE2 receptor, resulting in virus entry inhibition. As well as the ability to block the activity of several enzymes involved in the virus replication cycle, including, 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. On the other hand, several vitamins and minerals can improve the immune response and are useful for COVID-19 prevention. Essential oils also show the ability to disrupt the fluidity of the virus envelope. Conclusion: Many phytonutrients are counted as bioactive components against SARS-CoV-2, phenolic compounds by their potent mechanisms of action via the immune system rank first. Group B vitamins, vitamins A, C and E as well as minerals such as zinc, selenium and magnesium also play an important role in in preventing the attack by this virus.
Biomedicines, 2021
The worldwide transmission of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a deadly or devastating disease is known to affect thousands of people every day, many of them dying all over the planet. The main reason for the massive effect of COVID-19 on society is its unpredictable spread, which does not allow for proper planning or management of this disease. Antibiotics, antivirals, and other prescription drugs, necessary and used in therapy, obviously have side effects (minor or significant) on the affected person, there are still not clear enough studies to elucidate their combined effect in this specific treatment, and existing protocols are sometimes unclear and uncertain. In contrast, it has been found that nutraceuticals, supplements, and various herbs can be effective in reducing the chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. However, not enough specific details are yet available, and precise scientific studies to validate the appro...