Frailty: A Multifactorial Association (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics, 2024
Background: Despite the unfavorable impact of frailty on the health of the elderly, research on frailty in Northeast India remains scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of frailty among elderly inpatients and identify associated factors. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 elderly (above 60 years of age) inpatients at a tertiary care hospital. A semistructured pro forma was used to collect data on sociodemographic details and other laboratory parameters. The Fried frailty phenotype was used to assess frailty. Quantitative data were presented as means ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative data were presented as frequency and percentages. The Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test was applied to determine the association, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the study participants were male, <70 years, and had a caretaker at home. The proportion of frail among the hospitalized elderly was 50% (95% confidence interval = 42.87%–57.13%). The rest 49.5% were categorized as robust and 0.5% were categorized as prefrail. Frailty was significantly associated with increased age, status of presence of caretaker, addiction, and higher body mass index. Comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, anemia, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and malignancy were also significantly associated. Conclusions: Frailty is a significant concern among hospitalized elderly individuals. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions to alleviate its impact. Community-level studies should elucidate the relationship between modifiable risk factors and frailty, aiming to enhance the quality of life for our aging population.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Context: "Frailty" is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome that increases the risk for adverse health outcomes, such as falls, hospitalization, increased morbidity, and mortality, among elderly persons. Aim: The objective of this study is to find out the proportion of frailty and its associates among elderly (aged ≥60 years) in a rural area of West Bengal. Settings and Design: It is a community-based cross-sectional observational study done during May-August 2018 among 165 elderly persons selected by systematic random sampling by probability proportionate to size method from three villages at the rural field practice area of our institute. Materials and Methods: Tilburg frailty indicator is used to measure frailty. An elderly is considered as frail if s/he scores ≥6 in this scale. Statistical Analysis: Data analysis is done by SPSS Version 16. The logistic regression is done to find out the associates of frailty. Results: Proportion of frailty is 38.8% (mean age ± SD: 67.03 ± 3.43 years) among the study subjects. Age, female gender, loss of spouse, illiteracy, economic dependency, no job/at home status, ≥2 chronic diseases are significantly associated with frailty in univariate logistic regression. In multivariable logistic regression, ≥2 chronic diseases [AOR: 8.4, CI: 4.6, 11.33] and illiteracy [AOR: 3.3, CI: 1.05, 9.8] retain their significance. Conclusion: Frailty should be recognized as a public health priority and awareness generation among elderly population for healthy ageing including self-motivation for proper management of their ailments should be emphasized for reduction of morbidity as well as for augmenting their quality of life.
Frailty, Disability, and Mortality in a Rural Community-Dwelling Elderly Cohort from Northern India
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2021
Introduction: With increasing proportion of the elderly in the world, detecting and preventing frailty assumes importance to improve the quality of life and health. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty, disability and its determinants and their relation with mortality among community dwelling elderly cohort. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a cohort in rural Haryana, India, and was followed till October 2018. Frailty was assessed using the Edmonton Frailty Scale and disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) scale by trained physicians. Results: The prevalence of frailty was found to be 47.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44.0–50.8). The median WHODAS-2 score was found to be 10.4 (2.1–29.2). Those who were older (odds ratio [OR] – 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8–3.4), women (OR – 3.3; 95% CI: 2.2–4.9) and those with chronic disease (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7–3.1) had higher rates of frailty. The adjusted ...
FRAILTY SYNDROME: A PROBLEM LURKING IN INDIAN GERIATRIC POPULATION
Indian Journal of Social Research, 2019
Human ageing has been observed as a progressive decline in both the physical and psychological functioning and consequently a growing health care burden on the society. Elderly population in India is also exponentially increasing. To understand diverse nature of human ageing, researchers have studied and explained variety of dimensions and concepts related to ageing. The Frailty is one of those important concepts of age related phenomenon. It is a multidimensional complex geriatric syndrome. This article highlighted that frailty syndrome is an evolving concept for India and it is still much less explored. Higher prevalence is reported from India, particularly from elderly women of rural areas and it is associated with several physical, psychological and social factors. In India, it is the high time to increase the awareness of early reorganization and subsequent prevention of frailty syndrome to reduce the expenses of healthcare in future. This review article discusses the concept, defi nitions and most used diagnostic tools of frailty, formal work on frailty instrument in India and the present scenario of frailty syndrome in Indian ageing population.
2021
The association of physical frailty and psycho-social health is well established. However, it appears no study on the interaction of these conditions in determining the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has yet been attempted in India. Hence, present study aims to investigate the interaction effects of physical frailty and psycho-social health in determining the HRQoL. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 500 community-dwelling rural elderly participants from West Bengal, India. The modified Fried’s Frailty instrument was assessed physical frailty status. Psycho-social characteristics investigated were depression, anxiety and stress using the 21-item DASS instrument, loneliness using the UCLA Loneliness instrument, and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination instrument. HRQoL was assessed by the 36-items Short Form health survey questionnaire. Overall prevalence of frail, pre-frail and non-frail was 26.2%, 60.2%, and 13.6%, respectively. One-way ANOVA hi...
Frailty and Nutritional Status among Urban Older Adults in South India
Journal of Aging Research, 2020
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of frailty and nutritional status among older adults. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 163 subjects aged 60–88 years, from Hyderabad City, South India. Data were obtained on sociodemographic details and anthropometry and biochemical parameters. Dietary intake was assessed by a three-day 24 h dietary recall, and the probability of adequacy (PA) was calculated using the estimated average requirements. Frailty indicators were as follows: handgrip strength was measured by using a Jamar dynamometer, gait speed was measured by a ten-meter length walk test, and low physical activity level, weight loss, and exhaustion were assessed using a questionnaire. Among the study population, 20% of the participants were frail and 80% were nonfrail. The prevalence of frailty is higher in older (30.1%) than the younger (12.2%) age groups, and it is more so in women (32.4%) than in men (10.1%). The lower educational statu...
Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult—FrailTURK Project
AGE, 2015
Frailty is one of the geriatric syndromes and has an important relationship with mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics, prevalence, and related factors of frailty in older adults in our country. The study included 1126 individuals over 65 years of age from 13 centers. Frailty was evaluated using the Fried Frailty criteria, and patients were grouped as Bfrail,^Bpre-frail,^and Bnon-frail.N utritional status was assessed with BMini Nutritional Test,^psychological status with the BCenter for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-CES-D,^and additional diseases with the "Charlson Comorbidity index." Approximately 66.5 % of the participants were between 65 and 74 years of age and 65.7 % were
Frailty Pattern among the Elderly Rural Women of India
Frailty is one of the challenging expressions which have been continuously studied to find out the associated risk factors for the poor health in the geriatric group. The aim of the present study was to examine the pattern of frailty in elderly women of India. 206 elderly Jat women aged 60+ years in rural population of Palwal district of Haryana, (North India) were selected randomly. Frailty was assessed using modified version of Women's Health and Aging Studies (WHAS) criteria, where we measure this attribute as a complex variable based on five indicators: weakness, slowness, weight loss, exhaustion and low physical activity. It was found out that the overall prevalence of pre-frail (40.8%) among the participants was maximum followed by the frail category (31.1%). The relationship of frailty shows positive correlation with age, major occupation, socioeconomic status, body mass index, self-reported health status, number of falls and chronic diseases. Weakness was the most observed indicators for frailty as 53.4 per cent of the participants have low hand grip strength. On the basis of present findings it may be concluded that frail is significantly associated with ageing process. So, for healthy ageing as well as preventing or delaying more severe clinical consequences, we need to identify all the aspects of frailty.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
This study examines the gender-specific determinants of the components of frailty in a community-dwelling setting in India. Using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1, this study employed 30,978 (14,885 male and 16,093 female) older adults (aged 60+) to fulfil the study objective. The modified Fried frailty phenotype criteria defines frailty by the five components: exhaustion, weak grip strength, slow walking speed, unintentional weight loss, and low physical activity. The result showed grip strength (79.1%) as the most discriminant component among males, and physical activity (81.6%) as the most discriminant component among females. The results also indicated that grip strength (male: 98.0%, female: 93.5%) and physical activity (male: 94.8%, female: 96.9%) showed a sensitivity of more than 90%, which appears to be a good indicator of frailty. Combining this dual marker increased the accuracy to 99.97% among male and 99.98% among female samples. The finding...
Age and socioeconomic gradients in frailty among older adults in India
Springer Nature-Journal of Public Health, 2018
Background Although individuals with frailty and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are vulnerable to morbidity and early mortality, few studies have investigated this association. We intend to fill this gap with a study using older adults aged ≥ 50 years from the SAGE WAVE I 2007 in India. Objective The two objectives of the study are to examine the association of frailty with SES and how this association varies across different age groups. Methods A modified Fried phenotype approach with five frailty indicators was used to categorize 6560 older adults as frail, pre-frail or robust who had more than two, one or zero indicators, respectively: grip strength, exhaustion, weight loss, walking speed and physical activity. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the likelihood of being pre-frail and frail for various levels of SES, controlling and not controlling for confounders. This study also shows the overall socioeconomic gradients and age patterns of socioeconomic gradients of frailty indicators using predicted probabilities. Results Approximately 26%, 55% and 20% participants were robust, pre-frail and frail, respectively. The number of frailty indicators was positively associated with lower income and education levels in the case of controlling and not controlling for confounders. Also, among the higher age groups, individuals with low SES had higher chances of being frail. Conclusion Overall, the results in this article indicated a negative low SES and frailty association as found in previous studies worldwide. This highlights the need for comprehensive and centered public health interventions for older adults with low SES.